控释与速效氮肥不同配比一次性侧深施对水稻产量、氮肥利用率和碳减排的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.24.009

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to establish an one-time side-deep application technology of slow/controlled-release nitrogen (N) fertilizer with high yield, high-N efficiency and low-carbon emission, so as to provide a new way for green and simplified ecological cultivation of rice in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. 【Method】The late-maturing medium japonica rice of Nanjing 9108 and Taixiangjing 1402 with high-yield, high-quality and similar growth period were selected in this study. The controlled-release N fertilizer with resin-coated urea (N 43%, the hydrostatic controlled-release cycle was 100 d) and common urea (46% N) were used as N fertilizer. Five different application ratios of controlled-release N fertilizer rate to common urea rate were set for different treatments of 100%﹕0 (S1), 80%﹕20% (S2), 60%﹕40% (S3), 50%﹕50% (S4) and 40%﹕60% (S5). The N fertilizer as base fertilizer was applied using the one-time side-deep application. Conventional N fertilization (CK) and no N fertilization (0N) control treatments were also included. The effect of different treatments on rice yield, N absorption and utilization efficiency, and greenhouse gas emissions were investigated. 【Result】(1) Compared with CK treatment, the rice yield under S1 treatment was significantly reduced, S2 treatment had no significant difference, S3 and S4 treatments were significantly increased, and S4 treatment was significantly higher than S3 treatment. The yield of Nanjing 9108 under S3 and S4 treatments increased by 2.2%-3.2% and 3.6%-5.4% than that under CK, respectively, while the yield of Taixiangjing 1402 under S3 and S4 treatments increased by 0.9%-3.4% and 3.1%-5.0%, respectively. The most important thing was that there was a consistent law between years and varieties. (2) Compared with CK treatment, the N uptake under S1-S5 treatments decreased significantly at tillering stage and jointing stage (except S4 treatment), but it increased significantly at heading stage and maturity stage (except S1 treatment). The N accumulation under S1-S5 treatments at seeding-tillering stage. However, it increased significantly at tillering-jointing stage and jointing-heading stage decreased significantly compared with CK treatment. Finally, the N agronomic efficiency, N uptake efficiency, and N partial factor productivity under S1-S5 treatments were significantly higher than that under CK (except S1 treatment); among them, that of Nanjing 9108 decreased by 3.0%-14.7%, 11.6%-23.2%, and 0.4%-3.7%, respectively, and Taixiangjing 1402 decreased by 2.3%-14.8%, 11.3%-24.6%, and 0.8%-5.0%, respectively. The increase under S4 treatment was the largest, followed by S3. (3) Compared with CK treatment, the accumulation of CH₄ emissions of S1-S5 treatments at tillering-jointing stage, heading-maturity stage, and the whole growth period decreased significantly. Among them, Nanjing 9108 decreased by 48.0%-64.1%, 55.1%-68.7%, and 26.8%-35.6, respectively, and Taixiangjing 1402 decreased by 42.4%-49.2%, 46.4%-61.9%, and 24.9%-37.5%, respectively. The increase under S4 treatment was the largest, followed by S3. The accumulation of N₂O emissions of S1-S5 treatments at transplanting-tillering stage, tillering-jointing stage, and the whole growth period decreased significantly compared with CK treatment. Among them, Nanjing 9108 decreased by 42.9%-60.8%, 40.8%-73.0%, and 33.9%-58.9%, respectively, and Taixiangjing 1402 decreased by 24.5%-53.3%, 39.5%-57.6%, and 29.9%-30.7%, respectively. The increase under S5 treatment was the largest. Finally, the GWP (Global Warming Potential) and GHGI (Greenhouse Gas Emission Intensity) of S1-S5 treatments decreased significantly compared with CK treatment, among which Nanjing 9108 decreased by 26.7%-35.3% and 25.3%-37.9%, respectively, and Taixiangjing decreased by 26.6%-37.9% and 28.1%-40.4%, respectively. The largest decrease was under S3 treatment, followed by S4 treatment. 【Conclusion】The combined application ratios of slow/controlled-release N fertilizer to common urea was 50%-60%:50%-40% at one-time with using the side-deep application, which had better high-yield, high-N efficiency and low-carbon emission outcome. It could be used as a light and simplified N application technology for high-yield, high-efficiency, green and low-carbon rice in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

Key words: rice, controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer, one-time fertilization technology, nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency, greenhouse gas emission reduction

GUO Song, HAN Lei, WANG Yuan, WANG ZiJun, QIAN ZiHui, LU JiaMing, ZHAO Can, WANG WeiLing, XU Ke, ZHANG HongCheng, YANG FengPing, HUO ZhongYang. Effect of One-Time Side Deep Application Ratios of Controlled-Release Nitrogen Fertilizer and Common Urea to Rice Yield, Nitrogen Fertilizer Efficiency and Carbon Emission Reduction[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(24): 5216-5233.

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Figures/Tables 10

Table 1

Table 2

Fig. 1

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Fig. 2

Table 6

CH4 and N2O emission accumulation under different treatments during rice main growth reproductive stages in 2022"

气体类型 Gas	品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	移栽—分蘖盛期 Transplanting- tillering stage	分蘖盛期—拔节期 Tillering-jointing stage	拔节期—抽穗期 Jointing-heading stage	抽穗期至成熟期 Heading-mature stage	全生育期 Whole growth period
CH₄ (kg·hm^-2)	南粳9108 Nanjing9108	0N	15.18±0.09d	45.31±0.44f	37.76±0.89e	25.58±0.46b	123.82±0.78f
		CK	153.43±0.09c	249.02±0.12a	60.98±0.36b	49.25±0.68a	512.68±0.53a
		S1	172.39±1.08b	129.39±0.96b	57.85±1.24c	15.70±2.01c	375.34±0.65b
		S2	170.23±3.23b	104.23±1.14c	65.84±0.23a	16.24±0.62c	356.53±2.94d
		S3	173.29±1.00b	89.44±0.46e	45.37±0.14d	22.14±1.74b	330.23±1.33e
		S4	181.39±1.49a	98.27±0.40d	57.04±0.65c	16.89±1.45c	353.60±1.90d
		S5	182.88±0.05a	104.81±0.67c	65.12±0.23a	15.42±0.98c	368.24±0.49c
	泰香粳1402 Taixiangjing1402	0N	26.48±0.03f	65.05±0.38f	14.15±0.51f	10.36±0.02d	116.03±0.93g
		CK	207.95±0.86b	180.74±1.19a	102.00±0.96a	29.25±0.08a	519.94±2.92a
		S1	195.88±0.53c	90.39±0.36e	53.40±1.00c	15.05±0.20b	354.72±1.69d
		S2	206.44±2.18b	95.63±1.13d	47.28±1.30d	15.68±0.31b	365.03±4.91c
		S3	175.76±0.27e	91.81±0.97e	45.80±0.42e	11.65±0.68c	325.01±0.14f
		S4	184.53±0.99d	104.14±0.39b	45.30±0.84e	11.16±0.07c	345.13±0.32e
		S5	216.01±0.20a	99.16±0.48c	60.29±0.38b	15.06±0.24b	390.53±0.54b
N₂O (g·hm^-2)	南粳9108 Nanjing9108	0N	31.50±0.21f	277.09±0.60g	184.61±0.61g	356.39±1.03g	849.59±2.46g
		CK	709.91±0.65a	1815.20±3.19a	659.17±0.71b	294.83±0.14d	3479.11±3.27a
		S1	405.07±3.22b	1073.82±1.33b	694.06±8.69a	438.49±1.64a	2611.43±12.23b
		S2	369.31±1.57c	714.76±4.05c	618.23±11.60c	415.24±0.75b	2117.54±14.83c
		S3	333.61±1.54d	647.75±2.25d	533.56±7.94d	326.95±6.52c	1841.86±2.37d
		S4	278.48±0.63e	518.96±0.72e	424.92±2.25e	248.27±4.08e	1470.64±3.18e
		S5	281.01±7.03e	495.59±2.76f	378.36±4.60f	274.89±0.79f	1429.85±4.39f
	泰香粳1402 Taixiangjing1402	0N	48.24±0.59g	255.24±0.71g	129.22±0.48g	301.78±1.00e	734.48±1.37g
		CK	807.25±0.38a	2178.88±3.27a	1023.36±1.18a	739.53±5.13a	4749.03±6.84a
		S1	609.20±0.95b	1318.63±2.60b	804.79±4.17b	597.31±16.25bc	3329.93±22.06b
		S2	407.48±0.63e	937.60±0.36f	651.38±9.48f	566.26±1.99c	2562.72±8.49e
		S3	499.65±0.63d	923.07±5.13d	668.38±12.10e	606.17±4.35b	2697.26±10.69d
		S4	553.25±1.39c	970.08±5.79c	801.88±1.12c	573.66±11.76c	2898.87±6.24c
		S5	376.69±2.02f	942.52±2.43e	695.08±1.37d	512.24±3.72d	2526.53±0.63f

Table 6

Table 7

Table 8

GWP and GHGI reduction efficiencies under different application measures of slow/controlled release nitrogen fertilizers"

序号 No.	肥料类型 Fertilizer types	施氮方式 N application method	氮肥运筹 N fertilizer operation	GWP降幅 GWP reduction (%)	GHGI降幅 GHGI reduction (%)	文献来源 Literature sources
1	单一缓控释氮肥 Single slow/controlled release N fertilizer
	硫包衣控释尿素 CRS	撒施SK	一次性施入One-time	20.7	22.7	王飞飞等 WANG F F, et al^[49]
	聚氨酯包衣尿素 CRT	撒施SK	一次性施入One-time	36.0	38.6	王飞飞等 WANG F F, et al^[49]
	脲甲醛缓释氮 CRUF	撒施SK	一次性施入One-time	34.5	34.1	王飞飞等 WANG F F, et al^[49]
	树脂包膜尿素 CRP	撒施SK	一次性施入One-time	29.6	27.3	王飞飞等 WANG F F, et al^[49]
	树脂包衣控释氮肥 CRN	撒施SK	早/晚稻,一次性施入 Early/late rice, one-time	21.1	32.9	郭晨 GUO C^[46]
	控释掺混肥^① CRBF	撒施SK	一次性施入One-time	20.37	22.9	孟轶 MENG Y^[50]
	缓释氮专用肥^② SRN	撒施SK	一次性施入One-time	P>0.05	8.9	康治东等 KANG Z D, et al^[51]
	控失尿素 LCU	撒施SK	一次性施入One-time	4.5	/	张阳阳 ZHANG Y Y^[52]
	FeⅢ-单宁酸纳米改性水基包膜尿素 NWU	撒施SK	一次性施入One-time	12.5	/	张阳阳 ZHANG Y Y^[52]
	控释尿素 CRU	土层混施SM	早/晚稻，基肥:分蘖肥=90:60 Early/late rice, base:tillering = 90:60	10.19	19.6	田昌等 TIAN C, et al^[26]
2	单一缓控释氮肥减量 Single slow/controlled release N fertilizer reduction
	-10%控释尿素 -10% CRU	土层混施SM	早/晚稻，基肥:分蘖肥=81:54 Early/late rice, base:tillering = 81:54	21.7	33.0	田昌等 TIAN C, et al^[26]
	-20%控释尿素 -20% CRU	土层混施SM	早/晚稻, 基肥:分蘖肥=72:48 Early/late rice, base:tillering = 72:48	22.9	29.5	田昌等 TIAN C, et al^[26]
	-30%控释尿素 -30% CRU	土层混施SM	早/晚稻, 基肥:分蘖肥=63:42 Early/late rice, base:tillering = 63:42	32.5	36.4	田昌等 TIAN C, et al^[26]
	-20%缓释氮专用肥^② -20% SRN	撒施SK	一次性施入One-time	11.7	17.7	康治东等 KANG Z D, et al^[51]
	-40%缓释氮专用肥^② -40% SRN	撒施SK	一次性施入One-time	16.1	12.4	康治东等 KANG Z D, et al^[51]
3	缓控释氮肥结合灌溉 Slow/controlled release N fertilizer with irrigation
	包膜控释尿素+间歇灌溉 CRU+IIG	撒施SK	早/稻，基肥:分蘖肥=120:60 Early/late rice, base:tillering = 120 : 60	P>0.05	P>0.05	宋春燕 SONG C Y^[53]
	-20%包膜控释尿素减量+间歇灌溉 -20%CRU+S+IIG	撒施SK	早/晚稻，基肥:分蘖肥=96:48 Early/late rice, base:tillering = 96:48	P>0.05	P>0.05	宋春燕 SONG C Y^[53]
	-20%包膜控释尿素减量+节水灌溉 -20%CRU+WSIG	撒施SK	早/晚稻, 基肥:分蘖肥=96:48 Early/late rice, base:tillering = 96:48	25.3	14.2	宋春燕 SONG C Y^[53]
	树脂包衣控释氮肥+薄浅湿晒节水灌溉 CRU+SI	撒施SK	早/晚稻, 基肥:分蘖肥=120:45/120:60 Early/late rice, base:tillering = 96:48/120:60	49.24	55.33	李健陵 LI J L,et al^[54]
4	缓控释氮肥结合有机肥 Slow/controlled release N fertilizer with organic fertilizer
	有机肥替代20%氮素+树脂包膜控释尿素 OF+SDCRU	侧深施肥SD	一次性施入One-time	28.69	35.93	余庆等 YU Q, et al^[55]
	减氮10%+有机肥替代20%氮素+树脂包膜控释尿素 -10%+OF+SDCRU	侧深施肥SD	一次性施入One-time	31.25	38.38	余庆等 YU Q, et al^[55]
	减氮20%+有机肥替代20%氮素+树脂包膜控释尿素 -20%+OF+SDCRU	侧深施肥SD	一次性施入One-time	34.41	35.94	余庆等 YU Q, et al^[55]

Table 8

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年份 Year	土壤类型 Soil type	pH	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Alkaline nitrogen decomposition (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Quick-acting phosphorus (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Quick-acting potassium (mg·kg^-1)
2022	底黑勤泥土 Bottom black soil	7.11	25.3	1.79	113.8	8.23	110.5
2023	底黑勤泥土 Bottom black soil	7.16	23.6	1.54	104.9	7.57	113.8

处理 Treatment	控释氮肥与普通尿素配比 Ratio of controlled-release N to urea	施肥方式 Fertilizer application	施氮量 Fertilizer application rate (kg·hm^-2)
处理 Treatment	控释氮肥与普通尿素配比 Ratio of controlled-release N to urea	施肥方式 Fertilizer application	基肥中控释氮肥 Controlled-release N	基肥中普通氮肥 Urea
0N	/	/	/	/
CK	0:35%	撒施Sprinkle	0	94.5
S1	100%:0	侧深施Side deep application	270	0
S2	80%:20%	侧深施Side deep application	216	54
S3	60%:40%	侧深施Side deep application	162	108
S4	50%:50%	侧深施Side deep application	135	135
S5	40%:60%	侧深施Side deep application	108	162

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	分蘖盛期 Tillering stage	拔节期 Jointing stage	抽穗期 Heading stage	成熟期 Mature stage
南粳9108 Nanjing9108	0N	9.31±0.02g	19.99±0.92f	62.76±1.05g	107.01±1.77f
	CK	63.27±0.42a	103.18±0.98a	151.98±1.13e	192.82±0.14d
	S1	27.30±0.12f	91.59±0.59e	146.40±0.50f	190.71±0.87e
	S2	40.67±0.18e	94.36±1.18d	157.39±0.11d	202.81±0.46c
	S3	49.67±0.54c	100.70±0.46b	167.69±0.18b	209.82±0.75b
	S4	52.60±0.04b	102.42±0.24a	171.80±0.03a	212.70±0.39a
	S5	47.72±0.24d	96.03±0.21c	163.75±0.19c	203.52±0.43c
泰香粳1402 Taixiangjing1402	0N	14.73±0.23g	25.40±0.04f	63.83±0.53g	109.59±0.30g
	CK	78.94±0.41a	112.51±0.25a	148.62±0.89e	185.21±0.61e
	S1	35.81±0.32f	97.05±0.02e	146.20±0.46f	182.95±0.32f
	S2	43.31±0.15e	100.75±0.17d	157.70±0.52d	193.76±0.12c
	S3	49.29±0.17d	106.58±0.16c	164.09±0.58c	198.47±0.11b
	S4	56.00±0.39b	112.21±0.55a	174.04±0.61a	203.86±0.45a
	S5	53.26±0.08c	108.57±1.18b	170.11±0.40b	191.22±0.18d

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	播种期—分蘖盛期 Seeding-tillering stage	分蘖盛期—拔节期 Tillering-jointing stage	拔节期—抽穗期 Jointing-heading stage	抽穗期—成熟期 Heading-mature stage
南粳9108 Nanjing9108	0N	9.31±0.02g	10.68±0.90f	42.77±0.13e	44.25±0.17a
	CK	63.27±0.42a	39.91±1.40e	48.80±2.11d	40.84±1.14bc
	S1	27.30±0.12f	64.29±0.71a	54.82±0.09c	44.31±0.87a
	S2	40.67±0.18e	53.69±1.00b	63.03±1.29b	45.42±0.86a
	S3	49.67±0.54c	51.03±0.07bc	66.99±1.28a	42.13±1.15b
	S4	52.60±0.04b	49.82±0.28cd	69.37±3.21a	40.94±0.39bc
	S5	47.72±0.24d	48.32±0.45d	67.72±1.40a	39.77±0.43c
泰香粳1402 Taixiangjing1402	0N	14.73±0.23f	10.68±0.27e	38.43±1.49d	45.76±0.30a
	CK	78.94±0.41a	33.57±0.66d	36.12±0.65d	36.59±0.01b
	S1	35.81±0.32e	61.24±0.34a	49.15±0.44c	36.75±0.72b
	S2	43.31±0.15d	57.45±0.32b	56.95±0.69b	36.06±0.12b
	S3	49.29±0.17c	57.29±1.32b	57.52±0.74b	34.37±0.11c
	S4	56.00±0.39b	56.21±0.16b	61.83±1.16a	29.82±0.45d
	S5	53.26±3.08b	55.31±0.10c	61.53±1.18a	21.11±0.18e

处理 Treatment	南粳9108 Nanjing9108			泰香粳1402 Taixiangjing1402
处理 Treatment	氮素农学利用率 NAUE (kg·kg^-1)	氮素吸收利用率 NUE (%)	氮素偏生产力 NPP (kg·kg^-1)	氮素农学利用率 NAUE (kg·kg^-1)	氮素吸收利用率 NUE (%)	氮素偏生产力 NPP (kg·kg^-1)
0N	/	/	/	/	/	/
CK	11.52±0.03e	31.78±0.60d	36.12±0.10d	12.01±0.04d	28.01±0.11e	35.03±0.02d
S1	11.05±0.04f	31.74±0.98d	35.24±0.01e	10.81±0.05e	27.17±0.10f	33.82±0.01e
S2	11.87±0.02d	35.48±0.49c	36.28±0.09d	12.28±0.02c	31.17±0.16c	35.32±0.02c
S3	12.68±0.02b	38.08±0.38b	36.89±0.00b	12.48±0.06b	32.92±0.15b	35.48±0.02b
S4	13.21±0.01a	39.14±0.80a	37.45±0.01a	13.79±0.07a	34.91±0.06a	36.77±0.07a
S5	12.31±0.01c	35.74±0.82c	36.54±0.01c	12.32±0.03c	30.23±0.04d	35.35±0.01c

Effect of One-Time Side Deep Application Ratios of Controlled-Release Nitrogen Fertilizer and Common Urea to Rice Yield, Nitrogen Fertilizer Efficiency and Carbon Emission Reduction

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处理 Treatment	南粳9108 Nanjing9108		泰香粳1402 Taixiangjing1402
处理 Treatment	温室气体增温潜势 GWP (kg CO₂-eq·hm^-2)	温室气体排放强度 GHGI (kg·kg^-1)	温室气体增温潜势 GWP (kg CO₂-eq·hm^-2)	温室气体排放强度 GHGI (kg·kg^-1)
0N	4473. 41±27.30f	0.69±0.00g	4172.64±32.09f	0.68±0.01g
CK	18509.80±17.06a	1.90±0.00a	19150.21±101.47a	2.03±0.01a
S1	13571.01±25.83b	1.42±0.00b	13092.81±50.64c	1.43±0.01c
S2	12778.59±95.26d	1.31±0.01d	13205.57±169.63c	1.39±0.00d
S3	11798.83±44.59e	1.18±0.00f	11886.57±8.17e	1.21±0.00f
S4	12478.14±65.58d	1.24±0.01e	12632.92±8.85d	1.27±0.01e
S5	12963.39±15.29c	1.31±0.00c	14061.20±18.52b	1.46±0.00b

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