有机无机肥配施下典型潮土小麦季有机肥氮磷的当季释放率

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.24.010

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The combination of manure and chemical fertilizers can enhance crop yield and soil fertility, yet the release rates of nitrogen and phosphorus in manure fertilizer under chemical fertilization and their influencing factors remain unclear. Therefore, it was of great significance to clarify the manure nutrient release rate to improve nutrient use efficiency and scientifically manage manure nutrients. 【Method】This study utilized a long-term field experiment (established in 2013) on sandy loam fluvo-aquic soil, adopting a randomized block design with five treatments: no reduction in fertilizer (F_-0%, N-P₂O₅-K₂O=210-120-60), no reduction in chemical fertilizer with manure fertilizer (MF_-0%), and 20%, 30%, and 40% reduction in chemical fertilizer with manure fertilizer (MF_-20%, MF_-30%, and MF_-40%). At wheat maturity, yield and soil nutrient indicators were measured, and organic manure nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) release rate and their influencing factors were analyzed. 【Result】Among four combined application of manure fertilizer and chemical fertilizer treatments, MF_-30% achieved optimal wheat yield improvement and fertilizer reduction. Under the MF_-30% treatment, the yields in 2023, 2024, and the average of the two years were 8.6, 8.6, and 8.6 t·hm^-2, respectively, representing increases of 0.3, 0.1, and 0.1 t·hm^-2 compared with the F_-0% (no reduction in chemical fertilizer) treatment. Simultaneously, MF_-30% significantly increased soil organic carbon, easily oxidized organic carbon, mineral nitrogen, available phosphorus, microbial biomass carbon, and microbial biomass phosphorus (P<0.05). The release rate of nitrogen and phosphorus in manure fertilizers decreased with increasing chemical fertilizers inputs. The nitrogen release ranged from 11.1% to 60.7% (mean 37.7%), while phosphorus release ranged from 8.3% to 54.4% (mean 30.4%). PLS-PM model analysis showed that exogenous fertilizer input (C, N) and soil nutrients (easily oxidized organic carbon, mineral nitrogen) had direct and highly significant positive effects on nitrogen release (P<0.01), with effect values of 3.054 and 1.230, respectively. Exogenous fertilizer stoichiometric ratios (C/N, C/P) exerted direct and highly significant negative effects on nitrogen release (P<0.01), with an effect value of -1.377. Exogenous fertilizer input (N, P) and stoichiometric ratio (N/P, C/P) showed direct and significant negative effects on phosphorus release (P<0.05), with effect values of -1.758 and -0.640, respectively. 【Conclusion】In fluvo-aquic soil, the average release rate of nitrogen and phosphorus in manure fertilizer were 37.7% and 30.4%, respectively. Both N and P release rates declined with increasing chemical fertilizer inputs, and exogenous fertilizer inputs and their stoichiometric ratios directly and significantly affected manure nutrient release rates.

Key words: nutrients release rate in manure, combination of manure and chemical fertilizers, stoichiometric ratio, fluvo-aquic soil, winter wheat

FANG KangRui, DING ShiJie, CHEN YuShan, YANG BingGeng, GUO TengFei, XU XinPeng, ZHAO ShiCheng, WANG XiuBin, HUANG ShaoMin, QIU ShaoJun, HE Ping, ZHOU Wei. In-Season Release Rate of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Manure Fertilizers During the Wheat Season in Typical Fluvo-Aquic Soil Under the Combined Application of Chemical and Manure Fertilizers[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(24): 5234-5246.

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	产量 Yield (t ·hm^-2)	地上部生物量 Biomass (t·hm^-2)	籽粒氮吸收 Grain N uptake (kg·hm^-2)	籽粒磷吸收 Grain P uptake (kg·hm^-2)	地上部氮吸收 Aboveground N uptake (kg·hm^-2)	地上部磷吸收 Aboveground N uptake (kg·hm^-2)
2023	F_-20%	8.0	16.1	144.2	30.9	167.9	34.8
	F_-30%	7.4	14.5	126.2	29.9	144.9	33.5
	F_-40%	7.3	14.3	129.6	23.6	148.5	32.2
2024	F_-20%	7.9	18.7	143.1	29.6	181.2	33.1
	F_-30%	7.3	15.7	135.1	26.7	168.3	29.1
	F_-40%	7.3	16.5	135.1	25.1	170.2	27.9
平均 Mean	F_-20%	8.0	17.4	143.7	30.3	174.6	34.0
	F_-30%	7.4	15.1	130.6	28.3	156.6	31.3
	F_-40%	7.3	15.4	132.3	26.9	159.4	30.1

处理 Treatment	土壤全量和有效养分 Total and available nutrients								土壤生物特性Soil microbial characteristics
处理 Treatment	有机碳 SOC (g·kg^-1)	全氮 TN (g·kg^-1)	全磷 TP (g·kg^-1)	全钾 TK (g·kg^-1)	易氧化有机碳 EOC (g·kg^-1)	矿质氮 Nmin (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷Olsen P (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)	微生物量碳 MBC (mg·kg^-1)	微生物量氮 MBN (mg·kg^-1)	微生物量磷 MBP (mg·kg^-1)	β-葡萄糖苷酶 BG (µmol·g^-1·h^-1)	氨基肽酶 LAP (µmol·g^-1·h^-1)	几丁质酶 NAG (µmol·g^-1·h^-1)	酸性磷酸酶 AP (µmol·g^-1·h^-1)
F_-0%	10.8b	1.3b	0.38a	13.4a	6.5c	12.4d	29.3b	344.5a	313.1c	27.4a	21.0c	167.2b	455.5c	14.1b	376.3b
MF_-0%	11.8ab	1.3b	0.34a	10.3a	8.5a	16.9a	43.2a	348.5a	343.5bc	21.9ab	63.4b	209.9a	703.5a	22.8a	433.4a
MF_-20%	12.7a	1.5a	0.4a	14.5a	8.0b	17.0a	44.4a	330.5a	361.0bc	21.5ab	75.5a	125.8d	598.8b	17.4ab	400.1ab
MF_-30%	11.9a	1.4b	0.4a	13.4a	7.9b	15.7b	44.9a	339.3a	429.0a	16.1b	73.1ab	161.4bc	618.0b	17.0ab	410.7ab
MF_-40%	11.7ab	1.3b	0.3b	12.3a	7.8b	14.8c	33.9b	315.8a	406.4ab	14.7b	70.2ab	132.7cd	616.0b	14.0b	362.5b

处理 Treatment	养分计量比 Soil nutrients stoichiometric ratio						生物计量比Microbial stoichiometric ratio
处理 Treatment	SOC:TN	SOC:TP	TN:TP	EOC:Nmin	EOC:OP	Nmin:OP	MBC:MBN	MBC:MBP	MBN:MBP	E_C:N	E_C:P	E_N:P
F_-0%	8.3b	29.0b	3.5b	521.5a	230.4a	0.44a	11.6c	14.9a	1.30a	0.84a	0.86ab	1.03b
MF_-0%	9.1a	34.7b	3.8b	505.6ab	197.3a	0.39a	16.5b	5.4b	0.35b	0.81b	0.88a	1.08a
MF_-20%	8.4b	34.1b	4.1b	469.0b	179.9a	0.38a	16.9b	4.8b	0.29b	0.75d	0.81d	1.07a
MF_-30%	8.6ab	34.0b	3.9b	504.0ab	176.6a	0.35a	26.7a	5.9b	0.22b	0.79c	0.84bc	1.07a
MF_-40%	8.9ab	42.6a	4.8a	531.1a	238.7a	0.45a	28.0a	5.8b	0.21b	0.75d	0.83cd	1.09a

In-Season Release Rate of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Manure Fertilizers During the Wheat Season in Typical Fluvo-Aquic Soil Under the Combined Application of Chemical and Manure Fertilizers

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