Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (7): 1355-1365.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.07.009

• SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Water Demand Characteristics of Rice-Oilseed Rape Rotation System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River

WANG Bin1(), WU PengHao1, LU JianWei1, REN Tao1, CONG RiHuan1, LU ZhiFeng1, LI XiaoKun1,2()   

  1. 1 College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070
    2 Shuangshui and Shuanglü Research Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070
  • Received:2024-06-09 Accepted:2024-09-24 Online:2025-04-08 Published:2025-04-08
  • Contact: LI XiaoKun

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Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to clarify the water demand characteristics of the rice-oilseed rape rotation system in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, so as to provide the theoretical support for water allocation in this cropping system.【Method】This study analyzed the water demand of the rice-oilseed rape rotation system in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River using the single crop coefficient method. The supplementary irrigation amount was calculated based on the effective precipitation, and the water surplus/deficit characteristics of the rotation system were identified according to the crop water surplus-deficit index.【Result】The rice-oilseed rape rotation pattern in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River required an average annual water demand of 1 172 mm, with rice accounting for approximately 898 mm (76.6%) and oilseed rape accounting for approximately 274 mm (23.4%). Rice required an average annual supplementary irrigation of 643 mm, while oilseed rape required drainage of 54 mm on average per year. Years with moderate, severe, and extreme drought in the rice accounted for 77.5%, 15%, and 2.5%, respectively. Years with moderate, severe, and extreme flooding in the oilseed rape accounted for 10%, 17.5%, and 2.5%, respectively. Special attention should be paid to the field water conditions during the tillering, joint-booting, and heading and filling stages of rice, and flood prevention measures should be taken during the seedling and maturity stages of oilseed rape. The early rice-late rice-oilseed rape rotation pattern required an average annual water demand of 1 161 mm, with early rice accounting for approximately 550 mm, late rice accounting for approximately 401 mm. The total water demand of the two seasons accounts for 82.0% of the total water demand of the whole rotation system. while oilseed rape accounting for approximately 210 mm (18.0%). Early rice required an average annual supplementary irrigation of 322 mm, late rice requires 272 mm, and oilseed rape requires drainage of 59 mm on average per year. Years with moderate, severe, and extreme drought in the rice season account for 40%, 15%, and 1.3%, respectively. Years with moderate, severe, and extreme flooding in the oilseed rape season account for 12.5%, 17.5%, and 17.5%, respectively. The special attention should be paid to the water conditions during the joint-booting and heading and filling stages of late rice, and flood prevention measures should be taken during the seedling and maturity stages of oilseed rape.【Conclusion】In the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the water demand of rice-oilseed rape rotation mode was 1 172 mm, and the water demand of rice and oilseed rape accounted for 76.6% and 23.4%, respectively. The water demand of early rice-late rice-oilseed rape rotation mode was 1 161 mm, and the water demand of rice and oilseed rape accounted for 82.0% and 18.0%, respectively. Supplementary irrigation was required to prevent water deficits during the rice season, while drainage measures were necessary during the oilseed rape season. In years with extreme precipitation, special attention should be paid to excess water conditions during the seedling stage of rice and the seedling and maturity stages of oilseed rape, and corresponding measures should be taken. In years with extreme drought, special monitoring of water deficits should be conducted during the tillering, joint-booting, heading and filling stages of rice and the flowering stage of oilseed rape, and the timely supplementary irrigation should be provided.

Key words: rice, oilseed rape, crop rotation, water demand, the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River

Table1

Data sampling points"

省 Province 市 City
湖北省
Hubei		 十堰市，宜昌市，襄阳市，荆门市，潜江市，天门市，随州市，仙桃市，咸宁市，武汉市，鄂州市，黄石市
Shiyan, Yichang, Xiangyang, Jingmen, Qianjiang, Tianmen, Suizhou, Xiantao, Xianning, Wuhan, Ezhou, Huangshi
湖南省
Hunan		 怀化市，邵阳市，永州市，常德市，娄底市，益阳市，衡阳市，湘潭市，长沙市，郴州市，岳阳市，株洲市
Huaihua, Shaoyang, Yongzhou, Changde, Loudi, Yiyang, Hengyang, Xiangtan, Changsha, Chenzhou, Yueyang, Zhuzhou
江西省
Jiangxi		 宜春市，新余市，赣州市，吉安市，南昌市，九江市，鹰潭市，景德镇市，上饶市
Yichun, Xinyu, Ganzhou, Ji'an, Nanchang, Jiujiang, Yingtan, Jingdezhen, Shangrao

Table 2

Crop coefficients for oilseed rape (Kc)"

苗期
Seedling		 蕾薹期
Budding		 开花期
Flowering		 成熟期
Maturity
作物系数
Crop coefficient (Kc)		 0.35 0.77 1.14 0.34

Table 3

Levels of crop water surplus/deficit index"

等级
Level		 作物水分亏缺指数
Crop water surplus/deficit index (%)		 等级
Level		 作物水分亏缺指数
Crop water surplus/deficit index (%)
轻涝 Light flooding 45<CWSDI≤55 轻旱 Light drought -55≤CWSDI<-45
中涝 Medium flooding 55<CWSDI≤70 中旱 Medium drought -70≤CWSDI<-55
重涝 Heavy flooding 70<CWSDI≤85 重旱 Heavy drought -85≤CWSDI<-70
特涝 Extreme flooding CWSDI>85 特旱 Extreme drought CWSDI<-85

Fig. 1

Trends in precipitation and effective precipitation inthe Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River"

Fig. 2

Seasonal distribution of effective precipitation and crop water demand in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River"

Fig. 3

Crop water demand of two rotation modes in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River The horizontal lines inside the box represent the mean values, the upper and lower boundaries represent 75% and 25% of the points, and the upper and lower horizontal lines connected outside the box represent the maximum and minimum values; Numbers in parentheses represent the number of samples. The same as below"

Fig. 4

Crop supplementary irrigation amount of two rotation modes in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River"

Fig. 5

Characteristics of annual changes in water surplus/deficit index for two rotation modes in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River RG-S, T-S, JB-S, HF-S, YR-S, W-S represent the return-green stage, tillering stage, joint-booting stage, heading and filling stage, yellow-ripen stage, whole stage of rice, respectively; S-S, B-S, F-S, M-S, W-S represent the seedling stage, budding stage, flowering stage, and maturity stage, whole stage of oilseed rape, respectively"

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