褐土区典型县域耕地土壤肥力时空演变特征及主控因素

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.21.010

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The main controlling factors of soil fertility and temporal and spatial evolution characteristics in typical county of cinnamon soil region were investigated, so as to provide the basis for scientific management of nutrients and soil fertilization.【Method】Based on the data of soil fertility, including soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK) and pH, at Shouyang County in 1983, 2007 and 2017, the Nemerow index method was used to calculate the comprehensive index of soil fertility, the random forest method was used to explore the main controlling factors of soil fertility, and the combined method of GIS and geostatistics was used to determine the temporal and spatial variability characteristics and the distribution patterns of the comprehensive index of soil fertility and its main factors.【Result】(1) The overall level of cultivated land soil fertility showed an upward trend in Shouyang County during the past 34 years, and the comprehensive index of soil fertility increased by 0.26, which changed from 1.16 to 1.42. The changes of soil fertility index were characterized by stages. From 1983 to 2007, the average annual increases of SOM, TN and AK were 0.09 g·kg^-1, 0.0021 g·kg^-1and 1.61 mg·kg^-1, respectively, while the changes of AP were not significant. From 2007 to 2017, SOM, TN and AP increased significantly, with the average annual increases of 0.25 g·kg^-1, 0.01 g·kg^-1and 0.31 mg·kg^-1, respectively, while the changes of AK were not significant. (2) The analysis results of the random forest model showed that, the main controlling factors of soil fertility were TN and SOM in 1983, with the importance of 75.3% and 17.8%, respectively. In 2007, the main controlling factors of soil fertility became AK, AP and TN, with the importance of 31.8%, 27.1% and 26.8%, respectively. In 2017, the main controlling factors were TN, AK and AP, and the importance for the three factors were 31.8%, 27.1% and 26.8%, respectively. (3) There were certain spatial differences in the main controlling factors of soil fertility. From 1983 to 2007, SOM increased in the whole county; TN decreased in the northwest and central regions, but increased in other regions; AP decreased in the north regions, but increased in the south regions; AK increased in the whole county. From 2007 to 2017, SOM increased fast in the southeast regions but slow in other regions; TN decreased in the middle regions but increased in other regions; AP decreased in the east regions, but increased in other regions; AK decreased in the east and west regions, but increased in the central region.【Conclusion】After 34 years, the cultivated land soil fertility of Shouyang County has been improved, and SOM, TN, AP and AK were the main controlling factors affecting the soil fertility variability. SOM, TN and AP increased fast in the south regions, while AK increased fast in the east regions. It was suggested that the whole Shouyang County still needed to increase the application of nitrogen fertilizer moderately, especially in the central region, and stabilize the application of phosphate fertilizer, while control the application of potassium fertilizer in the future.

Key words: soil fertility, spatial-temporal variability, cinnamon soil area, main controlling factors, Shouyang County

SHEN Tong, WANG HengFei, DU WenBo, ZHOU HuaiPing, WANG Rui, ZHANG JianJie, JIN DongSheng, XU MingGang. Spatial-Temporal Variability Characteristics and Main Controlling Factors of Soil Fertility in Shouyang County of Cinnamon Soil Area[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(21): 4259-4271.

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References 31

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参评因子 Factor	Xmax	Xmid	Xmin
有机质 SOM (g·kg^-1)	30	20	10
全氮 Total N (g·kg^-1)	1.5	1.0	0.75
有效磷 Available P (mg·kg^-1)	20	10	5
速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)	150	100	50
pH (>7.0)	8.5	8	7.5
pH (<7.0)	6.5	6.0	5.5

指标 Index	年份 Year	最大值 Max	最小值 Min	均值 Mean	中位数 Median	标准差 SD	CV (%)	偏度 Kurtosis	峰度 Skewness
有机质 SOM (g·kg^-1)	1983	22.90	3.70	10.65c	10.20	2.83	28.68	1.000	1.354
	2007	25.60	2.80	12.79b	12.30	3.38	26.43	0.829	1.130
	2017	33.50	4.80	14.78a	14.10	4.35	29.43	0.691	0.366
全氮 Total N (g·kg^-1)	1983	1.19	0.30	0.66c	0.65	0.14	22.02	0.299	0.404
	2007	1.54	0.04	0.71b	0.72	0.25	35.21	-0.629	1.475
	2017	1.86	0.05	0.83a	0.83	0.28	34.03	-0.538	1.434
有效磷 Available P (mg·kg^-1)	1983	29.40	0.50	10.36b	9.30	4.81	44.14	1.188	1.581
	2007	33.50	0.50	10.88b	9.60	5.59	51.38	1.158	1.353
	2017	40.40	1.10	13.33a	11.70	7.00	52.54	1.053	0.865
速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)	1983	225	10	96.40b	90	33.35	36.70	0.689	0.697
	2007	278	60	134.99a	131	40.28	29.84	0.934	0.847
	2017	270	60	135.59a	131	37.36	27.55	0.863	0.886
pH	1983	8.40	7.90	8.14b	8.10	0.13	1.54	0.158	-0.117
	2007	8.60	7.90	8.28a	8.30	0.11	1.33	-0.445	0.636
	2017	8.50	7.90	8.28a	8.30	0.10	1.21	-0.402	0.417

指标 Index	年份 Year	面积占比Area ratio (%)
指标 Index	年份 Year	一级 First grade	二级 Second grade	三级 Third grade	四级 Fourth grade	五级 Fifth grade	六级 Sixth grade
有机质 SOM	1983	0	0	0	55.5	44.5	0
	2007	0	0	0	93.7	6.3	0
	2017	0	0	0	97.8	2.2	0
全氮 Total N	1983	0	0	0	10.4	89.4	0.2
	2007	0	0	3.4	35.4	48.3	12.9
	2017	0	0	3.5	60.5	21.6	14.4
有效磷 Available P	1983	0	0	41.4	58.6	0	0
	2007	0	0	71.8	28.2	0	0
	2017	0	0.5	93.8	5.7	0	0
速效钾 Available K	1983	0	0.7	34.2	65.1	0	0
	2007	0	19.4	79.8	0.8	0	0
	2017	0	8.5	91.5	0	0	0

年份 Year	化肥年均施用 Average annual use of chemical fertilizer			农作物秸秆总量 Total quantity of crop straw (×10⁴t)
年份 Year	氮肥 N fertilizer (N) (kg·hm^-2)	磷肥P fertilizer (P₂O₅) (kg·hm^-2)	钾肥K fertilizer (K₂O) (kg·hm^-2)	农作物秸秆总量 Total quantity of crop straw (×10⁴t)
1983	47	60	4	11.34
2007	133	71	32	22.22
2017	246	91	50	37.97

Spatial-Temporal Variability Characteristics and Main Controlling Factors of Soil Fertility in Shouyang County of Cinnamon Soil Area

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[7]	ZHENG FuLi,LIU Ping,LI GuoSheng,ZHANG BoSong,LI Yan,WEI JianLin,TAN DeShui. Organic-Inorganic Coordinated Regulation to Wheat-Maize Double Crop Yield and Soil Fertility [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(21): 4355-4364.
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[10]	LI BaoXin,YANG LiPing,LU YanLi,SHI XiaoXin,DU GuoQiang. Status of Soil Fertility in Main Grape Producing Areas of China [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(17): 3553-3566.
[11]	WANG JinSong,DONG ErWei,WU AiLian,BAI WenBin,WANG Yuan,JIAO XiaoYan. Responses of Fertilization on Sorghum Grain Yield, Quality and Nutrient Utilization to Soil Fertility [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(22): 4166-4176.
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[13]	LÜ Bo,WANG YuHan,XIA Hao,YAO ZiHan,JIANG CunCang. Effects of Biochar and Other Amendments on the Cabbage Growth and Soil Fertility in Yellow-Brown Soil and Red Soil [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(22): 4306-4315.
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