Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (21): 4245-4258.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.21.009

• SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Characteristics and Succession of Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Communities in Continuous Cropping Watermelon

GUO HanYue1(), WANG DongSheng2, RUAN Yang1, QIAO YiZhu1, ZHANG YunTao1, LI Ling1, HUANG QiWei1, GUO ShiWei1, LING Ning1(), SHEN QiRong1   

  1. 1 College of Resources and Environment Science, Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Organic-based Fertilizers of China/Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing 210095
    2 Nanjing Institute of Vegetable Science, Nanjing 210042
  • Received:2022-11-19 Accepted:2023-01-09 Online:2023-11-01 Published:2023-11-06
  • Contact: LING Ning

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Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of continuous cropping on the construction and potential functions of bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil of watermelon, and to clarify the adaptability of rhizosphere microorganisms to environmental changes, so as to provide a theoretical basis for ecological control of watermelon continuous cropping obstacles and healthy maintenance of farmland.【Method】In this study, the rhizosphere soil of watermelon without continuous cropping (CK), continuous cropping for 2 times and continuous cropping for 6 times was used as the research object. 16S rRNA and ITS high-throughput sequencing were used to analyze the effects of continuous cropping on the bacterial and fungal communities of rhizosphere soil of watermelon.【Result】With the increasing continuous cropping times, the bacterial diversity index in the rhizosphere soil of watermelon showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, while the fungal diversity index decreased significantly. At the bacterial genus level, multiple times of continuous cropping decreased the relative abundance of Sphingomonas and Lysobacter in watermelon rhizosphere soil; at the fungal genus level, the relative abundance of Fusarium increased with the continuous cropping times. Compared with CK, the network complexity of continuous cropping was higher, but the stability of network structure was lower. In addition, compared with CK, the relative abundance of biodegradation pathways of harmful substances and metabolic pathways of amino acids could be significantly reduced after continuous cropping for 6 times; the relative abundance of pathogenic fungi significantly increased in the fungal community after continuous cropping for 6 times. During community succession, the stochastic processes dominated rhizosphere bacterial community construction in watermelon under continuous cropping, while the deterministic processes dominated rhizosphere fungal community construction in watermelon.【Conclusion】Continuous cropping caused changes in community characteristics, functional composition and succession process of rhizosphere bacteria and fungi. The decrease of key functions of bacterial community, the increase of pathologic fungi and the decrease of stability of microbial community network might be the important factors leading to occurrence of watermelon continuous cropping obstacles.

Key words: watermelon, continuous cropping soil, rhizosphere microbial community, function prediction, community succession

Fig. 1

Alpha diversity index of rhizosphere microbial community under different times of continuous cropping A: The Chao1, richness and shannon indexes of rhizosphere bacterial communities under different times of continuous cropping; B: The rhizosphere fungal community richness and richness and shannon indexes under different times of continuous cropping. Different letters indicated significant differences in bacterial and fungal abundance between treatments (P<0.05)"

Fig. 2

Beta diversity and species composition of rhizosphere microbial community under different times of continuous cropping A: Principal coordinate analysis of rhizosphere bacterial community (PCoA) under different times of continuous cropping; B: Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of rhizosphere fungal communities under different times of continuous cropping; C: Composition of rhizosphere bacterial community at phylum levels under different times of continuous cropping; D: Composition of rhizosphere fungal community at phylum levels under different times of continuous cropping; E: Composition of rhizosphere bacterial community at genus levels under different times of continuous cropping; F: Composition of rhizosphere fungal community at genus levels under different times of continuous cropping"

Fig. 3

Prediction function of rhizosphere microbial community in different times of continuous cropping a: Changes in the relative abundance of KEGG tertiary metabolic pathways in different times of continuous cropping. The numbers in parentheses represent the number of metabolic pathways significantly enriched compared with the other two treatments and the predicted total number of metabolic pathways, respectively; b: Differential analysis in the relative abundance of rhizosphere mycotrophic types in different times of continuous cropping, with the numbers in brackets representing the number of mycotrophic types significantly enriched compared with the other two treatments; c: The pie chart indicates that the tertiary metabolic pathways enriched in Fig. a are classified into the secondary metabolic pathways; d: Analysis of the difference in the relative abundance of rhizosphere mycotrophic subtypes in different times of continuous cropping"

Fig. 4

Analysis of rhizosphere microbial co-generation network in different times of continuous cropping a: Total bacterial network and bacterial subnetwork under CK, continuous cropping for 2 times and continuous cropping for 6 times; b: Changes in the natural connectivity of rhizosphere bacterial networks with different times of continuous cropping; c: Zi-Pi diagram of rhizosphere bacterial molecular ecological network under CK; d: Total fungal network and subnetwork under CK, continuous cropping for 2 times and continuous cropping for 6 times; e: Changes in the natural connectivity of rhizosphere fungal networks with different times of continuous cropping; f: Zi-Pi diagram of rhizosphere fungal molecular ecological network under CK. The nodes of each network are colored according to gate level classification, and the node size is determined according to the degree of connection. The edges connecting nodes are shown by green lines for co-occurring interactions (positive correlation) and red lines for mutual repulsion (negative correlation)"

Table 1

Topological properties of watermelon rhizosphere bacterial and fungal networks under different times of continuous cropping"

连作茬次
Cropping times		 节点数
Total nodes		 边数
Total links		 平均度
Average degree		 网络直径
Network diameter		 模块化
Modularity		 平均聚类系数
Average clustering coefficient		 正相关
Positivity
(%)		 负相关
Negative
(%)
细菌
Bacterial		 总网络 Total 380 552 2.905 16 0.833 0.291 45.83 54.17
对照组 CK 316 384 2.43 15 0.860 0.314 48.70 51.30
连作2茬 CC2 309 395 2.557 16 0.815 0.321 56.20 43.80
连作6茬 CC6 358 522 2.916 15 0.820 0.299 45.98 54.02
真菌
Fungal		 总网络 Total 202 615 6.089 15 0.468 0.253 46.67 53.33
对照组 CK 127 196 3.087 14 0.766 0.234 58.67 41.33
连作2茬 CC2 188 575 6.117 10 0.425 0.252 48.52 51.48
连作6茬 CC6 171 528 6.175 12 0.405 0.306 44.70 55.30

Fig. 5

Relative changes of deterministic and stochastic processes assessed by Modified Stochasticity Ratio (MST) over different times of continuous cropping A: MST of rhizosphere bacterial community under different consecutive cropping times; B: MST of rhizosphere fungal community under different continuous cropping times. Different letters indicate significant differences between treatments (P<0.05)"

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