四倍体西瓜抗枯萎病菌生理小种1的机理

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.19.012

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】The Fusarium wilt disease caused by the continuous cropping obstacles is one of the main factors which limits the production of watermelon in recent years. Field observation shows that tetraploid watermelon is more resistant to Fusarium wilt disease than autodiploid watermelon. The objective of this study is to reveal the mechanism of resistance to Fusarium wilt in tetraploid watermelon by comparing the resistant differences of diploid and tetraploid watermelon, and to provide a theoretical basis for polyploidy breeding and disease resistance breeding of watermelon.【Method】The diploid and autotetraploid watermelon seedlings of Zhengzhou No. 3 were used as materials in this research, the differences of the resistance to Fusarium wilt of different ploidy watermelon seedlings were compared after inoculating with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum race 1 (Fon 1) at one leaf stage, the Fon 1 with green fluorescent protein (GFP) was used to observe the infection process in different ploidy watermelon seedlings, then the activity/content of metabolites related to disease resistance such as peroxidase (POD), phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL), malondialdehyde (MDA), total phenols, flavonoid and the expression levels of PR3, MPK7, PAL and MYB at different stages of diploid and tetraploid watermelon roots were determined.【Result】After inoculation with Fon 1, for the diploid watermelon seedlings, the Fusarium wilt was observed at the 4th day, and most of the plants died at the 10th day, while the disease was observed at the 7th day, and most of them died at the 13th day in the tetraploid watermelon seedlings. The wilt symptom delayed 3 days in tetraploid watermelon seedlings, tetraploid watermelon seedlings were more tolerant to Fusarium wilt than diploid ones. The infection pathway of Fon 1 was the same in both diploid and tetraploid watermelons. In addition, there was no significant difference in the germination rate of conidia between diploid and tetraploid watermelon roots. However, with the infection of pathogens, the infection speed of Fon 1 in tetraploid seedlings was obviously slower and the intercellular hyphae were less than those in diploid ones. The colonization rate of Fon 1 in the xylem of tetraploid watermelon seedlings was lower than that in diploid plants, which showed significant differences in the roots and extremely significant differences in the petioles of the seedlings, the expansion of the pathogen in the stems and leaves of tetraploid plants was limited to a certain extent. The infection process of Fon 1 in tetraploid watermelon apparently lagged, which coincided with the disease symptoms. After inoculation with Fon 1, the activity of POD and PAL in tetraploid watermelon seedlings increased, the POD activity of tetraploid watermelon seedlings increased more than that of diploid watermelon seedlings. Tetraploid roots produced more POD and PAL to enhance the plant disease resistance and protect cells from damage. The increasing of total phenols and flavonoid contents in tetraploid watermelon roots were higher than those in diploid ones. The advantages of these secondary metabolites made tetraploid plants more resistant to the invasion of Fon 1. In addition, the content of MDA in the root of tetraploid watermelon was obviously lower than that in diploid at the same time, which indicated that the damage degree of root cell membrane of tetraploid watermelon seedlings was lower after inoculation with Fon 1. Analysis of the expression of resistant genes showed that the expression level of PR3 tetraploid watermelon roots increased continuously after inoculation with Fon 1, and reached the highest level at the 10th day, which was 10 times of that of diploid at the same time. At the late stage of inoculation, tetraploid roots exhibited higher expression of MPK7 to transmit resistance signals, and the expression of disease resistance genes could be promoted, the damage of Fon 1 on watermelon seedlings would be reduced. The expression level of PAL increased firstly and then decreased, and the expression level was higher than that of diploid at the same period, the maximum expression level was 6 times of that of autodiploid. The expressions of MYB in tetraploid watermelon roots was continuously higher than that of autodiploid, and the expression level was 80 and 35 times of that of diploid on the 7th and 10th day after inoculation with Fon 1.【Conclusion】Through inoculation and identification of Fon 1 at seedling stage, observation of pathogen infection process, changes of metabolic substance content and gene expression level research, the results show that tetraploid watermelon seedlings are more resistant to Fusarium wilt than autodiploid watermelon seedlings.

Key words: watermelon, tetraploid, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum race 1 (Fon 1), resistance mechanism

JI WanLi, ZHU HongJu, LU XuQiang, ZHAO ShengJie, HE Nan, GENG LiHua, LIU WenGe. The Mechanism of Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum Race 1 in Tetraploid Watermelon[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(19): 3750-3765.

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