翻耕深度对遮阴油菜根系生长和养分吸收利用的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.14.004

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) production district in the Yangtze River valley lacks sufficient radiation due to abundant rainfall during its growing season. In addition, the application of dense planting technology intensifies the competition for radiation among individuals. Insufficient radiation and poor soil texture have become main factors for restricting high yield of rapeseed in this area. In order to provide the theoretical support for stable yield and increased income, the effects of tillage depth on root growth and nutrient utilization of shaded rapeseed were studied. 【Method】 The experiment designed by the split-split plot method in three replications was conducted in the tested site of Huazhong Agricultural University in Wuhan, Hubei province, from 2019 to 2021. The experiment consisted of three factors arranged in a split-split plot design with 2 varieties: Xiangzayou 518 (XZY518) and Zheyou 50 (ZY50) in main plots, two levels of tillage depth: 5 cm (T5) and 20 cm (T20) in sub plots, and two levels of shading rate: 0% shading (S0) and 30% shading (S1) in sub-sub plots. The effects of different tillage depths on physical and chemical properties of soil, the antioxidant enzyme activity, nutrient absorption of the root and the dry matter accumulation of root and shoot were evaluated. 【Result】Deep tillage promoted the accumulation of organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in each layer of soil, with the largest increase (by 7.5%-42.3%) in 10-20 cm soil. Shading decreased the soil electrical conductivity, root surface area (decrease by 13.3%-36.6%), the utilization efficiency of nitrogen (decrease by 3.0%-28.4%) and root dry weight, while it increased the main root length, root to shoot ratio, lateral root proportion, and the activities of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in roots. The increasing tillage depth in shading condition alleviated the reduction of soil water content, promoted taproot elongation, increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (POD and SOD) and the root surface area, root to shoot ratio, lateral root ratio finally improved the utilization efficiency of nitrogen, and the accumulation of dry matter. The analysis of variance showed that the interaction between tillage depth and shading on root morphology, dry matter accumulation, antioxidant enzyme activity and nutrient utilization reached a significant or extremely significant difference. Compared with normal light, the root surface area were decreased by 24.9%-36.6% and 13.3%-19.2%, the utilization efficiency of nitrogen were decreased by 10.0%-28.4% and 3.0%-23.9% after shading under the shallow tillage and deep tillage, respectively. 【Conclusion】Under the weak light stress, the deep tillage increased soil nutrients and main root elongation, the ratio of lateral root and root surface area, the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the root, dry matter accumulation, and enhanced the nutrient absorption capacity and nitrogen use efficiency, also delayed the aging of the root system. As a result, all these factors promoted rapeseed growth.

Key words: rapeseed, shade, deep tillage, root, nutrient

BAI Fei, BAI GuiPing, WANG ChunYun, LI Zhen, GONG DePing, HUANG Wei, CHENG YuGui, WANG Bo, WANG Jing, XU ZhengHua, KUAI Jie, ZHOU GuangSheng. Effects of Tillage Depth and Shading on Root Growth and Nutrient Utilization of Rapeseed[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(14): 2726-2739.

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References 43

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年份 Year	土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	全氮 Total N (g·kg^-1)	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Alkeine-N (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Olsen P (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)
2019-2020	0-10	1.06	18.0	118.1	20.1	190.1
	10-20	0.86	11.7	104.2	11.2	140.4
	20-30	0.79	12.2	99.1	7.5	134.7
2020-2021	0-10	1.04	16.5	131.9	20.8	177.6
	10-20	0.86	12.4	111.1	9.3	122.2
	20-30	0.74	11.3	99.0	6.1	110.0

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	光照强度 Light intensity (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	湿度 Relative humidity (%)	气温 Air temperature (℃)	CO₂浓度 CO₂concentration (μmol·mol^-1)
2019-2020	S0	1621.6a	62.1a	24.1a	408.6a
2019-2020	S1	1135.5b	63.2a	25.1a	409.5a
2020-2021	S0	1649.4a	65.6a	24.6a	410.3a
2020-2021	S1	1097.7b	66.4a	25.5a	408.0a

品种 Variety	翻耕深度 Tillage depth	土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	2019-2020					2020-2021
品种 Variety	翻耕深度 Tillage depth	土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	全氮 Total N (g·kg^-1)	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Alkeine-N (m g·kg^-1)	速效磷 Olsen P (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)	全氮 Total N (g·kg^-1)	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Alkeine-N (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Olsen P (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)
XZY518	T5	0-10	1.02a	11.68c	106.3bc	19.63cd	207.3 a	1.13b	15.68a	104.6bc	19.18b	247.0a
		10-20	0.82bc	9.41e	81.9de	12.71f	166.0 de	0.90de	9.78d	84.6de	12.06de	203.0bc
		20-30	0.64d	8.38f	83.7d	10.86f	153.0 de	0.68fg	9.56d	66.8fg	7.37f	182.3cde
	T20	0-10	1.06a	12.37ab	109.8bc	31.94a	214.3a	1.10bc	10.87cd	111.6ab	18.69b	242.7a
		10-20	1.00a	10.12d	101.1c	25.84b	201.0 ab	0.98cd	13.92b	106.3bc	12.55de	174.0de
		20-30	0.78c	9.64e	88.3d	21.57c	198.0 abc	0.84de	10.18cd	91.2cde	9.59ef	160.3def
ZY50	T5	0-10	1.08a	12.12bc	113.9b	19.17cd	216.5 a	1.11bc	11.41c	119.1ab	18.49bc	226.7ab
		10-20	0.83bc	9.23e	70.9ef	16.81de	166.0 de	0.84de	9.29de	94.7cd	12.13de	169.0de
		20-30	0.63d	8.49f	69.7f	11.41f	146.3 e	0.63g	7.89e	60.2g	10.06ef	155.0ef
	T20	0-10	1.08a	12.73a	132.5a	29.43ab	206.0 a	1.29a	11.74c	126.1a	25.52a	206.3bc
		10-20	0.89b	10.30d	89.8d	20.39cd	178.5 bcd	0.95d	10.58cd	88.9de	14.90cd	186.3cd
		20-30	0.67d	9.37e	71.5ef	14.05ef	172.3 cde	0.80ef	9.63d	79.0ef	11.93de	139.3f
方差分析Analysis of variance
品种 Variety (V)			NS	NS	NS	*	NS	NS	**	NS	**	**
翻耕深度 Tillage depth (TD)			**	**	**	**	**	**	NS	**	**	*
土壤深度Soil depth (SD)			**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	*	**
V × TD			NS	NS	NS	**	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
V × SD			NS	NS	**	NS	NS	NS	NS	**	NS	NS
TD × SD			NS	NS	*	NS	*	NS	**	NS	NS	NS
V× TD × SD			NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	**	NS	NS	NS

品种 Variety	翻耕深度 Tillage depth	遮阴 Shade	2019-2020				2020-2021
			遮阴60d Shade- 60d		遮阴终止后20d Shade end- 20d		遮阴60d Shade- 60d		遮阴终止后20d Shade end- 20d
			根系干重 Root biomass (g/plant)	根冠比Root-shoot ratio (%)	根系干重 Root biomass (g/plant)	根冠比Root-shoot ratio (%)	根系干重 Root biomass (g/plant)	根冠比Root-shoot ratio (%)	根系干重 Root biomass (g/plant)	根冠比Root-shoot ratio (%)
XZY518	T5	S0	3.6ab	19.1c	3.3bc	11.0bc	2.5c	18.0ab	2.7c	9.1bcd
	T5	S1	3.3c	21.1b	2.9f	11.2b	2.2d	18.1a	2.2d	11.1a
	T20	S0	3.7a	18.1c	3.6a	10.4c	2.7b	16.9c	3.5b	8.2d
	T20	S1	3.6ab	21.4b	3.2cd	12.3cd	2.6c	17.3bc	3.0c	8.6cd
ZY50	T5	S0	3.6ab	19.2c	3.2d	10.4c	2.5c	16.0d	2.7c	9.5bcd
	T5	S1	3.2c	22.1ab	3.0e	12.0a	2.2d	16.1d	2.2d	9.9abc
	T20	S0	3.6ab	18.7c	3.4b	9.7d	3.0a	17.8ab	4.0a	9.6bc
	T20	S1	3.5b	22.9a	3.2d	10.7bc	2.8b	18.2a	3.7ab	10.2ab
方差分析Analysis of variance
品种 Variety (V)			NS	*	*	NS	**	*	**	NS
翻耕深度 Tillage depth (TD)			**	NS	**	**	**	**	**	*
遮阴 Shade（S）			**	**	**	**	**	NS	**	*
V×TD			NS	NS	**	NS	**	**	**	**
V×S			NS	*	**	**	NS	NS	NS	NS
TD×S			**	*	NS	NS	*	NS	NS	NS
V×TD×S			NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS

Effects of Tillage Depth and Shading on Root Growth and Nutrient Utilization of Rapeseed

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