基于表型性状的高粱育种材料遗传多样性分析及综合评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.15.001

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The present study analyzed the genetic variation of phenotypic traits and genetic diversity of sorghum breeding materials. Additionally, the study explored a comprehensive method for the evaluation of germplasm materials and screening of excellent sorghum germplasm to provide an important basis for sorghum germplasm innovation and variety selection.【Method】 In total, 263 sorghum germplasms from different sources were used as the test materials, and 17 phenotypic traits were identified under different environments for two years. Genetic diversity of the phenotypic traits was calculated based on the Shannon-Wiener information diversity index. The sorghum germplasms were comprehensively evaluated using the correlation analysis, principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and stepwise regression. Excellent sorghum germplasms were screened according to the phenotypic comprehensive evaluation value (F value) and target traits.【Result】 Sorghum breeding materials exhibited high genetic diversity. The diversity index distribution of different traits ranged from 0.497 to 2.075, with the diversity index of spike shape being the smallest and that of spike stalk length being the largest. The coefficient of variation of seven plant height, stem diameter, panicle length, panicle stalk length, grain weight per spike, thousand grain weight, period of duration varied in different years; the smallest variation was observed in the period of duration, followed by the panicle length, whereas the largest variation was observed in grain weight per spike, followed by stem diameter. A comprehensive evaluation of the breeding materials showed that when the cumulative contribution percentage was >80%, the number of the total principal components was 11. F value of the sorghum breeding materials was calculated using the membership function method. The average F value was found to be 0.464, with the restorer line L28 having the highest F value (0.581) and the maintainer line 72B/DORADO having the lowest the F value (0.330). Through stepwise regression, a regression equation was established, with 12 traits (main vein color, ear type, ear shape, awn character, glume coating degree, grain shape, plant type, stem diameter, ear length, grain weight per ear, 1000-grain weight, and growth period) as independent variables. The equation could be used for a comprehensive evaluation of the phenotypic traits of breeding materials of sorghum breeding materials. Based on F value clustering, 263 materials were divided into six groups. Among these, 33 materials in group Ⅳ exhibited excellent agronomic characteristics and high F value, which could be used as parent materials for material innovation and cross breeding.【Conclusion】 Sorghum phenotypic traits exhibit rich genetic variation and high genetic diversity. A total of 33 excellent germplasms were obtained. Using multivariate statistical analysis is a feasible approach to comprehensively evaluate sorghum germplasm.

Key words: sorghum, phenotypic traits, genetic diversity, comprehensive evaluation

ZHANG YiZhong, ZHANG XiaoJuan, LIANG Du, GUO Qi, FAN XinQi, NIE MengEn, WANG HuiYan, ZHAO WenBo, DU WeiJun, LIU QingShan. Genetic Diversity Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Sorghum Breeding Materials Based on Phenotypic Traits[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(15): 2837-2853.

Figures/Tables 12

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Fig. 1

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

Power vector (PV), eigenvalues (E), contribution rate (CR) and cumulative contribution rate (CCR) of first eleven principal components based on 17 agronomic traits"

性状 Traits	特征向量 1 PV1	特征向量 2 PV2	特征向量 3 PV3	特征向量 4 PV4	特征向量 5 PV5	特征向量 6 PV6	特征向量 7 PV7	特征向量 8 PV8	特征向量 9 PV9	特征向量10 PV10	特征向量11 PV11
分蘖性T	-0.076	-0.212	0.554	-0.172	0.166	-0.428	0.008	-0.284	0.047	0.195	0.319
主脉色MVC	0.275	0.049	-0.195	0.353	0.439	-0.299	0.222	0.172	-0.524	-0.147	0.238
穗型PAT	-0.273	-0.320	0.429	-0.109	0.292	0.418	0.291	0.099	-0.031	-0.195	0.129
穗形PS	-0.134	-0.173	0.058	0.504	0.010	0.089	0.696	0.025	0.125	0.121	-0.182
颖壳色GC	0.264	0.276	0.132	-0.173	0.614	-0.059	-0.097	-0.382	-0.031	-0.269	-0.325
芒性A	-0.229	0.191	0.450	0.391	-0.145	-0.078	-0.211	0.167	0.206	-0.458	0.301
颖壳包被度GRCV	-0.304	-0.163	0.185	0.328	0.207	0.277	-0.512	0.303	-0.275	0.131	-0.212
粒色GRCL	-0.368	0.496	0.274	0.081	0.346	0.219	0.076	-0.083	0.206	0.239	-0.060
粒形GS	0.127	0.608	0.137	-0.244	0.128	0.102	0.031	0.337	-0.053	0.414	0.270
株型PLT	0.198	0.066	-0.177	0.629	0.244	-0.185	-0.204	0.000	0.441	0.119	0.014
株高PH	0.304	-0.123	0.779	0.045	-0.196	0.005	-0.036	-0.047	-0.095	0.024	-0.176
茎粗SD	0.670	0.031	-0.150	0.090	0.055	0.460	-0.101	-0.128	0.027	-0.008	0.191
穗长PAL	0.521	-0.466	-0.128	-0.215	0.268	0.214	-0.023	0.071	0.331	-0.056	0.182
穗柄长PEL	0.227	-0.558	0.108	-0.195	0.220	-0.268	-0.054	0.487	0.134	0.118	-0.173
单穗粒重GWPS	0.716	0.204	0.224	0.062	-0.194	0.220	0.102	0.122	-0.068	-0.121	-0.038
千粒重TGW	0.415	0.489	0.123	-0.179	-0.047	-0.259	0.155	0.356	0.174	-0.170	-0.216
生育期PD	0.687	-0.130	0.228	0.308	-0.152	-0.071	-0.053	-0.238	-0.135	0.282	-0.019
特征值E	2.600	1.783	1.686	1.397	1.166	1.083	1.034	0.966	0.842	0.794	0.705
方差贡献率CR (%)	15.294	10.488	9.919	8.218	6.860	6.372	6.085	5.683	4.955	4.673	4.147
累计贡献率CCR (%)	15.294	25.783	35.702	43.920	50.780	57.153	63.237	68.920	73.875	78.548	82.695

Table 7

Table 8

Table 9

Fig. 2

Table 10

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性状 Traits	赋值标准Value-determined criteria
性状 Traits	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
分蘖性T	无None	弱Weak	中Medium
主脉色MVC	白脉White	黄脉Yellow	蜡脉Wax
穗型PAT	紧Compact	中紧 Semi-compact	中散 Semi-loose	侧散 Side drooping	周散 Spreading drooping
穗形PS	纺锤形 Fusiform	牛心形 Cordate	圆筒形 Cylindrical	棒形 Clavate	杯形 Cup-shaped	球形 Globular	伞形 Umbelliform
颖壳色GC	白色White	黄色Yellow	灰色Grey	红色Red	褐色Brown	黑色Black
芒性A	无芒Awnless	有芒Awned
颖壳包被度 GRCV	包被1/4 Covered 1/4	包被1/2 Covered 1/2	包被3/4 Covered 3/4
粒色GRCL	白White	灰白Grey-white	浅黄Light yellow	黄Yellow	橙Orange	红Red	黑Black
粒形GS	圆形 Globose	椭圆形 Elliptic	卵形 Ovate	长圆形 Long-globose
株型PLT	平展型 Flat exhibition	中间型 Intermediate	紧凑型 Compact type

性状 Traits	分类 Type	百分比 Percentage (%)	多样性指数 H^′	性状 Traits	分类 Type	百分比 Percentage (%)	多样性指数 H^′
分蘖性 T	无None	62.7	0.844	颖壳色 GC	白色White	0.4	1.452
	弱Weak	30.1			黄色Yellow	3.8
	中Medium	7.2			灰色Grey	29.3
主脉色 MVC	白脉White	32.3	1.324		红色Red	28.1
	黄脉Yellow	41.8			褐色Brown	28.1
	蜡脉Wax	25.9			黑色Black	10.3
	蜡脉Wax	25.9		芒性 A	无芒Awnless	62.7	0.660
穗型 PAT	紧Compact	36.5	1.183	芒性 A	有芒Awned	37.3
	中紧Semi-compact	41.1		颖壳包被度 GRCV	包被1/4 Covered 1/4	69.6	0.705
	中散Semi-loose	18.6			包被1/2 Covered 1/2	27.8
	侧散Side drooping	0.4			包被3/4 Covered 3/4	2.6
	周散Spreading drooping	3.4		粒色 GRCL	白White	19.8	1.051
穗形 PS	纺锤形Fusiform	89.7	0.497		灰白Grey-white	6.5
	牛心形Cordate	1.9			浅黄Light yellow	1.1
	圆筒形Cylindrical	1.9			黄Yellow	0.4
	棒形Clavate	3.4			橙Orange	4.2
	杯形Cup-shaped	0.4			红Red	66.1
	球形Globular	1.9			黑Black	1.9
	伞形Umbelliform	0.8		粒形 GS	圆形Globose	38.8	1.313
株型 PLT	平展型Flat exhibition	64.6	0.872		椭圆形Elliptic	13.3
	中间型Intermediate	24.0			卵形Ovate	19.8
	紧凑型Compact type	11.4			长圆形Long-globose	28.1

性状 Traits	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	最大值 Maxnus	最小值 Minnus	中间值 Medium	变异系数 CV (%)	Shapiro-Wilk正态性检验 W	正态性检验P值P_w	F值 F-value	多样性指数 H^′
株高 PH (cm)	125.29	27.52	268.83	69.50	125.15	21.97	0.946	0.0001	145.64**	1.671
茎粗 SD (cm)	1.66	0.37	2.83	0.67	1.67	22.29	0.997	0.9504	24.81**	1.944
穗长 PAL (cm)	26.59	3.87	40.58	14.98	26.10	14.55	0.971	0.0001	33.36**	1.806
穗柄长PEL (cm)	33.37	6.46	49.17	17.26	33.00	19.36	0.989	0.0443	17.35**	2.075
单穗粒重GWPS (g)	66.95	18.59	124.87	25.15	65.82	27.77	0.991	0.085	10.64**	1.899
千粒重 TGW (g)	28.54	5.57	45.13	15.87	28.10	19.52	0.994	0.325	355.08**	2.025
生育期 PD (d)	120.82	6.77	142.00	101.00	121.00	5.60	0.990	0.067	46.63**	1.895

类型 Type	性状 Traits	株高 PH (cm)	茎粗 SD (cm)	穗长 PAL (cm)	穗柄长 PEL (cm)	单穗粒重 GWPS (g)	千粒重 TGW (g)	生育期 PD (d)
地方品种Landrace (17)	平均值Mean	151.30	1.29	25.08	37.08	55.42	26.81	118.62
	标准差SD	55.57	0.30	4.00	6.89	15.58	5.03	10.24
	变异系数 CV (%)	36.73	23.26	15.95	18.58	28.11	18.76	8.63
	变幅Range	80.83—268.83	0.85—2.00	14.98—30.90	21.50—46.45	32.30—96.71	18.18—35.33	103—142
恢复系Restorer (163)	平均值Mean	129.46	1.67	25.46	31.32	69.98	28.78	121.52
	标准差SD	24.37	0.34	2.86	5.52	19.06	5.53	6.47
	变异系数 CV (%)	18.82	20.36	11.23	17.62	27.24	19.21	5.32
	变幅Range	69.70—210.00	0.82—2.45	18.90—33.50	17.30—47.90	25.15—124.87	15.90—45.10	102—139
保持系Maintainer (83)	平均值Mean	111.96	1.73	29.13	36.69	62.94	28.46	119.53
	标准差SD	17.22	0.39	4.10	6.48	16.41	5.65	6.28
	变异系数 CV (%)	15.38	22.54	14.07	17.66	26.07	19.85	5.25
	变幅Range	69.50—146.00	0.67—2.83	19.90—40.58	19.76—49.17	25.33—121.07	15.92—43.90	101—138

性状 Traits	2015			2016
性状 Traits	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV (%)	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV (%)
株高PH (cm)	124.39	26.30	21.14	126.18	30.35	24.05
茎粗SD (cm)	1.69	0.47	27.81	1.64	0.37	22.56
穗长PAL (cm)	25.96	4.25	16.37	27.20	3.94	14.49
穗柄长PEL (cm)	32.74	6.88	21.01	33.98	7.08	20.83
单穗粒重GWPS (g)	64.30	21.76	33.84	69.60	21.99	31.59
千粒重TGW (g)	27.91	5.88	21.07	29.16	6.76	23.18
生育期PD (d)	120.18	7.04	5.86	121.15	7.02	5.79

Genetic Diversity Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Sorghum Breeding Materials Based on Phenotypic Traits

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性状 Trait	分蘖性T	主脉色MVC	穗型 PAT	穗形 PS	颖壳色GC	芒性 A	颖壳包被度GRCV	粒色GRCL	粒形 GS	株型 PLT	株高 PH	茎粗 SD	穗长PAL	穗柄长PEL	单穗粒重GWPS	千粒重TGW
主脉色MVC	-0.052
穗型PAT	0.152*	-0.071
穗形PS	-0.011	0.087	0.142*
颖壳色GC	0.076	0.131*	-0.017	-0.140*
芒性A	0.093	-0.048	0.059	0.060	-0.054
颖壳包被度GRCV	0.003	-0.017	0.149*	0.017	-0.076	0.159*
粒色GRCL	0.056	-0.087	0.121*	0.079	0.140*	0.166*	0.114
粒形GS	-0.042	0.028	-0.058	-0.141*	0.109	0.009	-0.066	0.238*
株型PLT	0.094	-0.184*	0.158*	-0.084	-0.040	-0.082	-0.056	-0.022	0.052
株高PH	0.252**	-0.099	0.192*	-0.001	0.072	0.181**	0.044	-0.024	0.019	0.069
茎粗SD	-0.154*	0.107	-0.131*	-0.056	0.147*	-0.136*	-0.066	-0.148*	0.070	-0.113	0.029
穗长PAL	0.003	0.042	0.077	-0.064	0.095	-0.219*	-0.118	-0.264**	-0.090	-0.066	0.027	0.379**
穗柄长PEL	0.133*	0.064	0.072	-0.008	-0.024	-0.104	0.055	-0.228*	-0.093	0.012	0.136*	-0.026	0.358**
单穗粒重GWPS	-0.103	0.117	-0.089	-0.043	0.103	-0.003	-0.157*	-0.104	0.157*	-0.035	0.321**	0.432**	0.194**	0.019
千粒重TGW	-0.017	0.082	-0.183**	-0.091	0.165**	0.015	-0.207**	0.005	0.284**	-0.043	0.114	0.119	0.006	0.020	0.365**
生育期PD	0.081	0.159**	-0.186**	0.039	0.082	-0.066	-0.094	-0.216**	-0.008	0.200**	0.409**	0.369**	0.203**	0.105	0.423**	0.072

排名 Ranking	恢复系 Restorer	F值 F-value	保持系 Maintainer	F值 F-value	地方品种 Landrace	F值 F-value
1	L28	0.581	泸45B Lu 45B	0.572	澳洲红高粱 Australian red sorghum	0.541
2	河南R Henan R	0.579	铁10612 Tie 10612	0.571	吉林农家种 Jilin landraces	0.502
3	58R/L17R	0.574	10337B	0.567	小白高粱 Samll white sorghum	0.502
4	泸恢101/L17R Luhui 101/L17R	0.574	XJ1B	0.567	黄粒高粱 Yellow grain sorghum	0.456
5	L17R	0.563	7B大粒/TB-2 7B Dali/TB-2	0.564	朝ZK1R Chao ZK1R	0.452
6	低秆资源/L17R Diganziyuan/L17R	0.561	10361B	0.561	青壳洋 Qingkeyang	0.438
7	60R/L17R	0.560	2087/TB	0.558	非洲高粱2 Hegari 2	0.416
8	44F/L17R	0.555	10480B	0.548	LR418	0.404
9	304-1	0.549	L2B	0.546	黄种皮 Yellow seed coat	0.402
10	HS122	0.546	T239/2087 B	0.522	L矮-2 L low-2	0.398
11	吉16 Ji 16	0.543	7B大粒/TB-1 7B Dali/TB-1	0.520	LR417	0.395
12	吉34 Ji 34	0.543	7B大粒B//气死糜子/原8801B白 7BDaliB//Qisimizi/Yuan8801B-White	0.520	IS-1139C	0.394
13	优0-30 You 0-30	0.542	Y60B	0.506	M60826	0.385
14	R083012	0.540	2087/V4低 2087/V4-Low	0.506	LR416	0.372
15	黑恢1 Heihui 1	0.539	3268B	0.503	非洲高粱1 Hegari 1	0.362

性状 Traits	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	性状 Traits	相关系数 Correlation coefficient
分蘖性T	-0.077	株型PLT	0.369**
主脉色MVC	0.258**	株高PH	0.251**
穗型PAT	-0.004	茎粗SD	0.493**
穗形PS	0.178**	穗长PAL	0.194**
颖壳色GC	0.206**	穗柄长PEL	-0.037
芒性A	0.145*	单穗粒重GWPS	0.607**
颖壳包被度GRCV	0.554**	千粒重TGW	0.468**
粒色GRCL	-0.074	生育期PD	0.401**
粒形GS	0.313**

类群 Group	Ⅰ		Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ	Ⅵ
类群 Group	Ⅰ-1	Ⅰ-2	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ	Ⅵ
份数Number	83	1	4	34	33	31	77
株高PH (cm)	122.83	292.33	220.92	155.19	157.12	82.98	114.28
茎粗SD (cm)	1.61	0.93	1.20	1.44	1.49	1.24	1.33
穗长PAL (cm)	26.73	25.00	26.72	25.14	26.76	23.97	25.93
穗柄长PEL (cm)	34.39	40.67	36.88	33.84	33.94	29.03	35.46
单穗粒重GWPS (g)	83.24	69.03	61.68	68.93	99.62	44.38	54.41
千粒重TGW (g)	29.40	29.13	25.97	27.72	30.72	26.20	26.00
生育期PD (d)	123	120	130	123	126	114	119
F值F-value	0.486	0.456	0.432	0.466	0.512	0.419	0.439

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