氮肥缓速配施对机插杂交稻氮素利用特征的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.07.008

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study was to investigate using the big panicle advantage of indica hybrid rice to obtain a high-yield under the potted machine-transplanted and combined application of slow release nitrogen (N) fertilizer and urea, and to explore N utilization characteristics of the potted-seedling machine-transplanted hybrid indica rice in the Southwest rice region, so as to provide the theoretical and practical basis for the technology of saving-fertilizer and high-yield of machine-transplanted hybrid rice seedling in China. 【Method】 A 2-year split-plot experiment (2016-2017) was conducted in Meishan, Sichuan province, China. In the experiment, two machine-transplanted methods was set, including potted-seedling (M₁) and blanket-seedling (M₂), and four N treatments were set, including 150 kg·hm^-2 slow release N fertilizer (SRNF) as a base (N₁), 105 kg·hm^-2SRNF + 45 kg·hm^-2urea as a base (N₂, SBUB), 105 kg·hm^-2SRNF as a base + 45 kg·hm^-2 urea at the panicle initiation stage (N₃, SBUP), and another treatment without N fertilizer as a control (N₀). F-you 498 was the experimental variety, and the blanket-seedling machine-transplanted method and 100% slow-release N fertilizer as base were the reference. The N utilization characteristics of hybrid indica rice under the potted-seedling machine-transplanted and slow and rapid N fertilizer combined application were studied.【Result】Compared with the blanket-seedling rice, the potted-seedling significantly accelerated the N absorption rate by 0.49-1.33 kg·hm^-2·d^-1 from elongation stage to heading stage; The potted-seedling improved N transportation and N transportation efficiency of stems and leaves, and the contribution rate of N transportation from heading to maturity; The potted-seedling increased the N accumulation at heading and maturity by 12.63% and 5.20%, respectively; The potted-seedling increased N use efficiency for biomass production and grain yield, and N harvest index by 8.19-11.39, 0.66-5.72 and 5.41-6.42 percentage points, respectively; The potted-seedling improved N agronomic efficiency, N physiological efficiency, and partial factor productivity by 12.62%, 11.94% and 8.69%, respectively; The potted-seedling improved the effective panicles and spikelets per panicle, and improved the yield on 1 042.4 kg·hm^-2 and 722.3 kg·hm^-2, and increased by 10.3% and 7.2%, in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Under the potted-seedling, compared with 100% SRNF as base, SBUB decreased the N accumulation at heading stage and maturity stage, accelerated the N absorption rate and N accumulation from sowing stage to elongation stage, but decreased them from elongation to heading; N recovery efficiency, N physiological efficiency, the spikelets per panicle and spikelets per unit area under SBUB were significantly decreased, then the mean yield of 2 years decreased by 3.66%. Conversely, compared with 100% SRNF as base, SBUP increased the N accumulation at heading and maturity by 2.34% and 1.80%, respectively; SBUP improved the N absorption rate by 0.60 kg·hm^-2·d^-1 and N accumulation by 18.01 kg·hm^-2 from elongation to heading; N recovery efficiency under SBUP were improved by 2.84 percentage points, and N agronomic efficiency, N physiological efficiency, and partial factor productivity by 12.54%, 7.91% and 52.55%, respectively; SBUP improved the spikelets per panicle and spikelets per unit area, then the yield improved by 4.61%.【Conclusion】Compared with the blanket-seedling, the potted-seedling had obvious advantages on N utilization efficiency, and SBUP could further enhance its N absorption and transfer capacity, then improved indica hybrid rice yield.

Key words: hybrid indica rice, potted-seedling machine-transplanted, slow and rapid nitrogen fertilizer combined application, nitrogen utilization

LÜ TengFei,SHEN Jie,MA Peng,DAI Zou,YANG ZhiYuan,XU Hui,ZHENG ChuanGang,MA Jun. Effects of Combined Application of Slow Release Nitrogen Fertilizer and Urea on the Nitrogen Utilization Characteristics in Machine- Transplanted Hybrid Rice[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(7): 1410-1423.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig. 1

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Effects of different machine-transplanted methods and N treatments on N transport characteristics"

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	氮素转运率 N transportation efficiency (%)		氮素转运对穗部的贡献率 Contribution rate of N transportation (%)	干物质生产效率 N use efficiency for biomass production (kg·kg^-1)	稻谷生产效率 N use efficiency for grain yield (kg·kg^-1)	氮素收获指数 N harvest index (%)
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	茎鞘 Stem-sheath	叶片 Leaf	氮素转运对穗部的贡献率 Contribution rate of N transportation (%)	干物质生产效率 N use efficiency for biomass production (kg·kg^-1)	稻谷生产效率 N use efficiency for grain yield (kg·kg^-1)	氮素收获指数 N harvest index (%)
2016	M₁N₀	27.98±0.75c	66.64±1.04c	44.91±1.30c	139.03±1.01b	55.33±1.55a	73.21±0.39a
	M₁N₁	50.08±0.81a	69.39±0.71b	89.47±1.50a	132.92±0.26c	51.46±0.51c	68.72±0.40c
	M₁N₂	44.89±1.08ab	68.38±0.58b	77.65±1.10b	145.64±0.71a	54.18±0.98ab	69.68±0.11bc
	M₁N₃	42.00±0.51b	74.34±1.24a	91.29±2.72a	130.10±0.60c	52.46±0.80bc	70.02±0.37b
	M₂N₀	13.36±2.71c	52.54±0.46d	30.26±1.32d	129.50±2.29a	54.07±0.52a	69.81±1.19a
	M₂N₁	23.01±2.74b	65.23±0.68a	73.50±1.97b	122.54±2.90b	49.17±1.28b	63.89±0.17b
	M₂N₂	9.69±1.74c	62.29±0.73b	54.60±0.82c	126.96±0.23a	50.15±0.57b	63.62±0.44b
	M₂N₃	35.79±3.16a	59.85±0.77c	86.67±1.76a	127.23±0.25a	48.49±0.23b	61.06±0.04c
	M	441.98**	262.13**	171.53**	202.50**	58.86*	629.25**
	N	30.67**	41.48**	599.12**	14.82**	11.31**	53.50**
	M×N	17.87**	22.91**	16.72**	8.85**	1.24ns	10.18**
2017	M₁N₀	25.57±2.70c	53.20±0.98d	32.27±0.90c	146.40±4.18a	50.73±0.11a	71.58±0.51a
	M₁N₁	56.20±0.47a	62.66±1.12c	79.06±2.38a	145.45±0.19a	47.20±0.45c	69.53±0.10b
	M₁N₂	36.46±1.85b	66.76±0.54b	65.39±2.13b	149.30±1.70a	51.58±0.75a	69.73±0.29b
	M₁N₃	38.16±1.14b	72.64±0.65a	78.23±2.44a	132.69±0.70b	48.92±1.01b	69.88±0.33b
	M₂N₀	3.92±2.55d	41.78±1.23d	17.77±0.09c	128.86±4.39ab	51.85±0.29a	69.05±0.74a
	M₂N₁	18.14±2.70b	61.41±0.06b	58.17±2.38b	124.22±0.51b	47.52±0.45b	64.89±0.44b
	M₂N₂	10.36±0.70c	65.68±0.92a	57.46±0.98b	127.83±2.49ab	50.14±0.65a	64.66±0.68b
	M₂N₃	30.34±1.91a	60.79±0.42b	71.38±1.26a	134.26±1.16a	47.62±0.33b	63.36±0.53c
	M	146.60**	391.46**	72.26*	37.02*	0.35ns	224.07**
	N	55.92**	212.10**	392.87**	1.94ns	23.48**	19.23**
	M×N	20.93**	23.94**	8.37**	10.32**	2.49ns	4.66*

Table 6

Table 7

Table 8

Effects of different machine-transplanted methods and N treatments on rice yield and its components"

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	有效穗数 Panicle (×10⁴ hm^-2)	每穗粒数 No. of spikelet per panicle	结实率 Grain filling percentage (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield ( kg·hm^-2)	单穗重 Panicle weight (g)	收获指数 Harvest index (%)
2016	M₁N₀	164.80±3.20c	170.34±1.35d	92.68±0.18a	31.59±0.01a	7647.32±191.73c	4.99±0.04c	61.09a
	M₁N₁	259.21±3.64a	190.43±2.04b	87.52±0.55c	30.83±0.17c	12057.53±175.03b	5.14±0.06b	58.72b
	M₁N₂	250.16±0.24b	183.67±3.74c	89.33±0.46b	30.73±0.16c	11665.74±182.51b	5.04±0.10bc	57.59b
	M₁N₃	263.95±4.42a	197.27±2.65a	87.88±0.36c	31.25±0.10b	12608.57±197.97a	5.42±0.06a	59.35ab
	M₂N₀	173.75±1.50b	162.35±1.50c	89.34±0.04a	30.87±0.14a	7066.64±123.93c	4.48±0.04c	60.45a
	M₂N₁	237.64±3.37a	186.55±2.03a	86.04±0.65b	30.60±0.09b	10830.51±272.57b	4.91±0.05ab	55.49b
	M₂N₂	235.83±1.80a	179.36±1.84b	86.82±0.31b	30.53±0.20b	10501.40±159.28b	4.75±0.06b	54.82b
	M₂N₃	240.56±0.92a	191.68±1.88a	86.02±0.19b	30.69±0.06ab	11410.96±151.36a	5.06±0.05a	55.09b
	M	110.55**	34.10*	78.34*	571.60**	272.61**	756.27**	104.74**
	N	334.08**	53.39**	84.00**	27.84**	267.08**	23.22**	11.89**
	M×N	11.86**	0.31ns	3.69*	6.00**	1.43ns	1.92ns	1.70ns
2017	M₁N₀	160.79±2.87b	165.62±2.64c	96.26±0.67a	31.31±0.03a	7336.30±169.64d	4.99±0.10b	59.36a
	M₁N₁	260.10±5.46a	175.54±2.09b	94.66±0.99ab	29.71±0.12bc	11636.94±176.42b	4.94±0.10bc	57.50bc
	M₁N₂	252.80±5.63a	171.46±2.36b	91.87±3.56b	29.64±0.20c	11191.95±256.75c	4.73±0.21c	56.25c
	M₁N₃	256.03±3.04a	183.52±1.67a	94.95±0.67ab	30.14±0.12b	12178.10±187.51a	5.25±0.10a	57.79ab
	M₂N₀	164.35±0.93c	152.05±1.35c	97.08±0.43a	31.25±0.37a	6889.11±145.79c	4.62±0.04b	58.90a
	M₂N₁	243.06±4.88ab	171.69±1.68b	93.85±1.01ab	29.78±0.29b	10794.88±111.85ab	4.82±0.05ab	55.25b
	M₂N₂	234.95±0.23b	166.68±3.02b	95.78±0.28a	29.94±0.06b	10527.79±198.08b	4.78±0.11ab	55.14b
	M₂N₃	247.44±2.61a	178.14±2.46a	91.78±1.51b	30.09±0.21b	11242.41±171.13a	4.91±0.06a	54.71b
	M	30.90*	7.62ns	0.04ns	1.02ns	52.26*	4.19ns	40.34*
	N	239.15**	42.39**	1.96ns	23.35**	233.49**	4.42*	11.55**
	M×N	3.14ns	2.49ns	1.99ns	0.35ns	0.61ns	2.11ns	1.65ns

Table 8

Table 9

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年份 Year	pH	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total N (g·kg^-1)	全磷 Total P (g·kg^-1)	全钾 Total K (g·kg^-1)	速效氮 Available N (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available P (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)
2016	6.98	36.93	2.30	0.98	3.36	124.16	22.89	106.97
2017	6.70	27.87	2.08	1.03	3.08	100.36	31.93	96.81

年份 Year	育秧方式 Seedling-raising method	播种期 Seeding time	移栽期 Transplanting time	拔节期 Elongation stage	抽穗期 Heading stage	成熟期 Maturity stage
2016	钵苗 Potted	03-20	04-17	06-06	07-04	08-22
2016	毯苗 Blanket	03-20	04-17	06-07	07-08	08-24
2017	钵苗 Potted	03-25	04-23	06-02	07-08	08-18
2017	毯苗 Blanket	03-25	04-23	06-04	07-10	08-20

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	拔节期 Elongation stage	抽穗期 Heading stage	成熟期 Maturity stage
2016	M₁N₀	27.20±0.53d	93.07±1.33d	138.24±1.25d
	M₁N₁	87.08±2.15b	220.60±0.81b	234.28±1.62b
	M₁N₂	93.50±1.37a	188.59±0.78c	215.34±0.83c
	M₁N₃	70.60±2.14c	229.21±3.46a	240.34±0.49a
	M₂N₀	40.71±0.64d	79.77±1.83d	130.67±1.49d
	M₂N₁	84.97±0.86b	191.60±3.37b	220.27±1.42b
	M₂N₂	90.35±0.71a	161.51±1.05c	209.40±2.16c
	M₂N₃	76.95±0.77c	221.13±5.70a	235.36±4.20a
	M	20.50*	134.29**	225.03**
	N	787.38**	346.68**	908.66**
	M×N	17.72**	9.42**	1.71ns
2017	M₁N₀	27.30±0.11d	87.08±2.29c	144.60±3.16c
	M₁N₁	92.64±1.55b	216.92±1.92a	246.55±1.97a
	M₁N₂	102.02±2.36a	174.79±4.52b	216.91±1.99b
	M₁N₃	83.41±2.45c	218.62±4.53a	249.01±3.08a
	M₂N₀	31.39±1.00c	71.90±1.06d	132.85±2.29d
	M₂N₁	91.24±1.36a	177.83±2.73b	227.15±0.75b
	M₂N₂	94.93±3.01a	162.98±2.69c	210.06±4.96c
	M₂N₃	84.62±0.82b	202.21±3.34a	236.07±2.30a
	M	0.60ns	215.94**	654.57**
	N	662.11**	904.02**	551.82**
	M×N	3.74*	10.11**	1.61ns

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	氮素积累速率 N accumulation rate (kg·hm^-2·d^-1)			氮素积累比例 N accumulation ratio (%)
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	播种—拔节 Sowing to elongation	拔节—抽穗 Elongation to heading	抽穗—成熟 Heading to maturity	播种—拔节 Sowing to elongation	拔节—抽穗 Elongation to heading	抽穗—成熟 Heading to maturity
2016	M₁N₀	0.35±0.01d	2.35±0.03d	0.92±0.03a	19.68±0.30d	47.66±0.87c	32.67±1.06a
	M₁N₁	1.12±0.03b	4.77±0.10b	0.28±0.04c	37.16±0.67b	57.01±1.51b	5.83±0.85c
	M₁N₂	1.20±0.02a	3.40±0.05c	0.55±0.03b	43.42±0.71a	44.16±0.75d	12.42±0.70b
	M₁N₃	0.91±0.03c	5.66±0.08a	0.23±0.07c	29.37±0.86c	66.00±1.04a	4.63±1.48c
	M₂N₀	0.52±0.01d	1.26±0.06d	1.08±0.06a	31.17±0.82c	29.90±1.55d	38.93±1.76a
	M₂N₁	1.08±0.01b	3.44±0.11b	0.61±0.04b	38.58±0.44b	48.39±1.17b	13.03±0.97c
	M₂N₂	1.14±0.01a	2.30±0.05c	1.02±0.03a	43.16±0.75a	33.97±0.37c	22.86±0.43b
	M₂N₃	0.97±0.01c	4.65±0.20a	0.30±0.03c	32.73±0.87c	61.20±1.63a	6.07±0.76d
	M	9.21ns	196.32**	86.12*	190.45**	125.75**	96.84*
	N	771.49**	506.80**	160.60**	204.77**	255.15**	508.37**
	M×N	18.15**	1.11ns	11.28**	22.80**	13.20**	9.67**
2017	M₁N₀	0.40±0.01d	1.66±0.06d	1.40±0.02a	18.90±0.44d	41.31±0.71c	39.79±0.28a
	M₁N₁	1.34±0.02b	3.45±0.09b	0.72±0.09c	37.57±0.34b	50.43±1.69b	12.00±1.41c
	M₁N₂	1.48±0.03a	2.02±0.07c	1.03±0.07b	47.02±0.67a	33.54±1.02d	19.44±1.39b
	M₁N₃	1.21±0.04c	3.76±0.06a	0.74±0.08c	33.49±0.69c	54.31±0.83a	12.21±1.37c
	M₂N₀	0.44±0.01c	1.13±0.01d	1.49±0.03a	23.62±0.55d	30.50±0.41c	45.87±0.32a
	M₂N₁	1.29±0.02a	2.41±0.10b	1.20±0.08b	40.16±0.48b	38.13±1.78b	21.71±1.44b
	M₂N₂	1.34±0.04a	1.89±0.06c	1.15±0.06b	45.21±1.31a	32.41±0.87c	22.38±0.75b
	M₂N₃	1.19±0.01b	3.27±0.07a	0.83±0.04c	35.85±0.14c	49.80±0.64a	14.35±0.71c
	M	7.91ns	113.62**	27.63*	28.89*	61.40*	41.16*
	N	653.02**	432.46**	40.13**	546.40**	157.13**	358.70**
	M×N	4.99*	17.03**	4.75*	9.36**	14.64**	6.01**

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	拔节—抽穗 Elongation to heading			抽穗—成熟 Heading to maturity
		氮素积累量 N accumulation			氮素转运量 N transportation		氮素积累量 N accumulation
		茎鞘 Stem-sheath	叶片 Leaf	穗部 Panicle	茎鞘 Stem-sheath	叶片 Leaf	穗部 Panicle
2016	M₁N₀	22.54±0.52c	24.07±1.06d	20.69±0.15a	9.00±0.31c	27.78±1.20d	81.95±1.61c
	M₁N₁	51.24±0.79a	50.89±3.17b	14.23±0.10d	39.96±1.17a	75.96±1.85b	129.60±1.44a
	M₁N₂	33.49±1.03b	31.17±0.66c	16.14±0.26c	29.25±1.03b	63.61±0.73c	119.61±1.31b
	M₁N₃	51.40±0.27a	66.45±2.30a	17.78±0.44b	30.84±0.56b	85.55±2.93a	127.52±1.60a
	M₂N₀	11.65±0.16d	9.06±1.47d	22.99±0.20a	3.49±0.69c	18.50±0.82c	72.90±2.54b
	M₂N₁	27.73±0.34b	46.45±2.75b	16.94±0.28bc	13.20±1.65b	66.41±1.05a	108.28±1.15a
	M₂N₂	18.01±1.14c	25.39±1.93c	17.19±0.49b	4.78±0.94c	52.79±1.25b	105.46±1.07a
	M₂N₃	48.89±3.84a	58.97±2.52a	16.45±0.47c	26.44±3.49a	66.73±0.90a	107.39±2.68a
	M	126.11**	13.21ns	7.37ns	154.23**	82.64*	959.23**
	N	177.24**	280.36**	268.34**	85.59**	789.54**	197.52**
	M×N	15.98**	3.68*	28.96**	29.18**	7.07**	4.15*
2017	M₁N₀	23.32±1.00c	17.91±1.13c	21.29±0.46a	8.38±1.07d	19.09±0.52d	84.99±2.46c
	M₁N₀	53.20±1.35a	40.81±1.35b	13.95±0.21c	47.37±0.80a	64.16±1.41b	141.16±1.78a
	M₁N₁	22.08±2.14c	21.12±2.46c	16.91±0.18b	21.15±1.95c	58.39±1.35c	121.66±0.28b
	M₁N₂	44.22±1.98b	56.59±2.95a	15.74±0.79d	27.28±1.31b	81.93±3.16a	139.59±0.02a
	M₁N₃	15.26±0.91c	7.62±1.11d	24.52±0.71a	0.99±0.67d	12.18±0.47c	74.12±1.63c
	M₂N₀	21.46±1.07b	35.49±2.91b	16.66±0.59b	9.55±1.60b	58.88±0.97b	117.76±1.49a
	M₂N₁	16.73±0.52c	25.97±1.61c	15.56±0.11b	5.04±0.35c	58.42±1.74b	110.54±4.05b
	M₂N₂	35.59±1.22a	50.77±0.62a	15.44±0.30b	19.48±1.67a	65.02±1.00a	118.36±2.45a
	M	270.63**	15.81ns	8.48ns	268.98**	1262.75**	367.75**
	N	117.31**	177.93**	117.03**	134.05**	603.87**	215.16**
	M×N	35.41**	5.76*	11.29**	60.49**	11.85**	4.24*

Effects of Combined Application of Slow Release Nitrogen Fertilizer and Urea on the Nitrogen Utilization Characteristics in Machine- Transplanted Hybrid Rice

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	回收利用率 N recovery efficiency (%)	农学利用率 N agronomic efficiency (kg·kg^-1)	生理利用率 N physiological efficiency (kg·kg^-1)	偏生产力 Partial factor productivity (kg·kg^-1)
2016	M₁N₁	64.03±1.91a	29.40±0.78ab	45.95±0.83b	50.98±1.28b
	M₁N₂	51.40±1.38b	26.79±1.03b	52.30±1.43a	80.38±1.17a
	M₁N₃	68.07±0.99a	33.08±1.78a	48.58±1.44ab	77.77±1.22a
	M₂N₁	59.73±1.79b	25.09±2.17ab	41.93±2.89a	47.11±0.83b
	M₂N₂	52.48±1.56c	22.90±0.24b	43.71±1.39a	72.20±1.82a
	M₂N₃	69.79±3.69a	28.96±1.83a	41.46±0.57a	70.01±1.06a
	M	0.69ns	13.29ns	11.63ns	341.82**
	N	67.78**	10.27**	1.66ns	373.78**
	M×N	2.54ns	0.01ns	0.51ns	2.32ns
2017	M₁N₁	67.97±3.33a	28.67±2.03ab	42.12±1.29c	48.91±1.13b
	M₁N₂	48.21±2.08b	25.70±1.96b	53.19±1.96a	77.58±1.18a
	M₁N₃	69.61±1.38a	32.28±1.03a	46.45±2.25b	74.61±1.71a
	M₂N₁	62.87±1.12a	26.04±0.72ab	41.43±1.20b	45.93±0.97b
	M₂N₂	51.47±4.61b	24.26±2.27b	47.22±2.12a	71.97±0.75a
	M₂N₃	68.81±1.91a	29.02±0.83a	42.18±0.30ab	70.19±1.32a
	M	0.05ns	4.38ns	9.62ns	110.61**
	N	56.32**	7.76*	14.82**	216.19**
	M×N	2.34ns	0.20ns	1.44ns	0.41ns

项目 Item	氮积累量 N accumulation			氮积累速率 N accumulation rate			拔节—抽穗氮积累量 N accumulation from elongation to heading		抽穗—成熟氮转运量 N translocation from heading to maturity
项目 Item	拔节期 Elongation	抽穗期 Heading	成熟期 Maturity	播种—拔节 Sowing to elongation	拔节—抽穗 Elongation to heading	抽穗—成熟 Heading to maturity	茎鞘 Stem- sheath	叶片 Leaf	茎鞘 Stem- sheath	叶片 Leaf
产量 Yield	0.88**	0.99**	0.99**	0.83**	0.79**	-0.74**	0.72**	0.82**	0.73**	0.98**
有效穗数 Panicles	0.91**	0.98**	0.98**	0.90**	0.70**	-0.66**	0.64**	0.73**	0.70**	0.95**
穗粒数 No. of spikelets per panicle	0.65**	0.77**	0.77**	0.41	0.94**	-0.93**	0.78**	0.89**	0.66**	0.85**
结实率 Grain filling percentage	-0.45	-0.33	-0.39	-0.14	-0.56*	0.71**	-0.29	-0.43	-0.23	-0.41
千粒重 1000-grain weight	-0.57*	-0.57*	-0.60*	-0.88**	0.03	-0.05	-0.57*	-0.15	-0.25	-0.46
单穗重 Panicle weight	0.33	0.60*	0.53*	0.13	0.86**	-0.72**	0.60*	0.82**	0.65**	0.68**

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