饲粮能量水平对草原红牛代谢及血清指标的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.12.016

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary energy levels on gas metabolism, nutrient digestion and serum parameter of Steppe Red cattle. 【Method】 A total of twelve healthy Steppe Red cattle with body weight of 365.08±2.76 kg were randomly allocated into three groups. Each group was subject to one of the following 3 diets: 5.65, 6.05, and 6.43 MJ·kg^-1 of net energy for gain, defining as LE, ME and HE, respectively. Experimental period was 20 days with 18 days of adaptive phase and 2 days of testing phase, respectively. Equipment of macrofauna open-type with respiration and calorimetric function was used for respiratory calorimetry trial and digestive and metabolic trial during testing phase. Blood samples were collected from jugular vein of Steppe Red cattle to isolate serum, and serum biochemical parameters were detected. 【Result】 Data showed that methane output, methane output as a proportion of dry matter intake, oxygen consumption, and heat production in HE group were higher than those of other groups, while carbon dioxide output in HE group was higher than that of ME group (P<0.05), and all the indices above increased linearly with the increase of dietary energy (P<0.05). Analysis of energy metabolism parameters showed that digestible energy intake, metabolic energy intake, gross energy digestibility, gross energy metabolic rate, fecal energy output and urine energy output were not affected by dietary treatments (P>0.05). Methane energy output and methane energy output as a proportion of gross energy in HE group were higher than other groups (P<0.05), and the two indices increased linearly as dietary energy level increased (P<0.05). Nitrogen metabolism indices did not differ among groups (P>0.05). Apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were not affected by dietary energy level (P>0.05), whereas dry matter and organic matter apparent digestibility increased linearly with the increase of dietary energy (P=0.059). HE group exhibited increased serum total triglyceride and decreased urea nitrogen (P<0.05), and both indices were linearly changed as dietary energy level increased (P<0.05). Other serum parameters were not affected (P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 Overall, increasing dietary energy level could enhance nutrient utilization, whereas energy would lose in the form of methane energy when dietary energy level was too high. In general, medium energy group achieved the best energy utilization, and the appropriate supply quantity of the digestible energy and protein for 350 kg Steppe Red cattle were 128.12 MJ·d^-1 and 749.50 g·d^-1, respectively; the metabolic energy and protein were 121.78 MJ·d^-1 were 678.75 g·d^-1, respectively; the net energy for gain was 55.96 MJ·d^-1.

Key words: Steppe Red cattle, energy, gas metabolism, nutrient utilization, serum parameter

LIU JiWei,ZHANG XiangLun,LI Xu,WANG Lei,QIN LiHong,BAN ZhiBin,WU Jian,ZHANG GuoLiang,WAN FaChun. Effects of Dietary Energy Levels on Metabolism and Serum Parameters of Steppe Red Cattle[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(12): 2502-2511.

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References 36

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项目Items	低能组（LE）	中能组（ME）	高能组（HE）
饲料组成 Composition
玉米Corn	62.2	68.2	67.7
大豆粕Soybean meal	8.0	8.0	8.0
玉米干酒糟及其可溶物Corn DDGS	8.0	8.0	8.0
米糠粕Rice bran meal	6.0	—	—
玉米皮Corn bran	7.8	7.8	7.3
石粉Limestone	2.0	2.0	2.0
氯化钠NaCl	1.0	1.0	1.0
小苏打NaHCO₃	1.0	1.0	1.0
大豆油Soybean oil	—	—	1.0
预混料¹Premix	4.0	4.0	4.0
合计Total	100.0	100.0	100.0
营养水平Nutrient levels²
总能GE（MJ/kg）	15.98	16.08	16.17
增重净能NEg（MJ/kg）	5.65	6.05	6.43
干物质DM	90.57	90.55	90.27
有机物OM	83.28	83.27	83.38
粗蛋白CP	17.79	18.05	17.50
粗脂肪EE	3.34	3.56	3.95
钙Ca	0.93	0.92	0.92
总磷TP	0.42	0.39	0.38

项目 Items	低能组 LE	中能组 ME	高能组 HE	SEM	P值 P value
项目 Items	低能组 LE	中能组 ME	高能组 HE	SEM	能量Energy	线性Linear
甲烷产生量CH₄ production (L·d^-1)	173.75b	159.75b	257.75a	16.96	0.018	0.019
甲烷产生量占干物质采食量比例 CH₄ output as a proportion of DMI (L·kg^-1)	18.78b	17.28b	21.90a	1.83	0.017	0.018
氧气消耗量O₂ consumption (L·d^-1)	3564.5b	3215.8b	4606.2a	198.60	0.001	0.002
二氧化碳产生量CO₂ output (L·d^-1)	3243.8ab	2826.5b	4105.8a	190.50	0.004	0.013
呼吸熵Respiratory quotient	0.90	0.88	0.89	0.01	0.090	0.102
产热量Heat production (MJ·d^-1)	73.50b	65.80b	94.50a	3.91	<0.001	<0.001

项目 Items	低能组 LE	中能组 ME	高能组 HE	SEM	P值 P value
项目 Items	低能组 LE	中能组 ME	高能组 HE	SEM	能量Energy	线性Linear
消化能采食量GEI (MJ·d^-1)	124.63	128.12	132.35	1.60	0.139	0.053
代谢能采食量MEI (MJ·d^-1)	117.73	121.78	122.14	1.43	0.414	0.240
总能消化率GE digestibility (%)	73.07	74.94	77.25	0.91	0.174	0.069
总能代谢率GE metabolic rate (%)	69.02	71.23	71.29	0.82	0.481	0.299
甲烷能排放量CH₄-EE/ (MJ·d^-1)	6.86b	6.32b	10.19a	0.67	0.018	0.018
甲烷能占总能比值 CH₄/GE(%)	4.03b	3.70b	5.95a	0.39	0.018	0.020
粪能排泄量FEE (MJ·d^-1)	45.92	42.86	38.98	1.54	0.189	0.076
尿能排泄量UEE (kJ·d^-1)	33.59	26.42	28.16	2.38	0.483	0.386

项目 Items	低能组 LE	中能组 ME	高能组 HE	SEM	P值 P value
项目 Items	低能组 LE	中能组 ME	高能组 HE	SEM	能量Energy	线性Linear
粪氮排泄量FNE (g·d^-1)	53.31	54.97	48.49	1.88	0.378	0.319
尿氮排泄量UNE (g·d^-1)	11.00	11.33	11.02	0.24	0.854	0.970
消化氮Digestible N（g·d^-1)	119.90	119.92	122.60	1.73	0.798	0.569
沉积氮Retained N (g·d^-1)	108.90	108.60	111.58	1.71	0.772	0.566
氮表观消化率N digestibility (%)	69.22	68.57	71.66	1.05	0.495	0.381
氮表观代谢率N metabolic rate (%)	62.88	62.09	65.22	1.04	0.485	0.390

项目 Items	低能组 LE	中能组 ME	高能组 HE	SEM	P值 P value
项目 Items	低能组 LE	中能组 ME	高能组 HE	SEM	能量Energy	线性Linear
干物质DM	73.74	75.52	77.68	0.83	0.152	0.059
有机物OM	75.09	76.91	79.04	0.83	0.151	0.059
粗脂肪EE	81.72	81.98	84.05	0.60	0.240	0.129
中性洗涤纤维NDF	66.16	67.70	71.12	1.26	0.276	0.126
酸性洗涤纤维ADF	64.35	65.26	68.18	1.30	0.498	0.270

Effects of Dietary Energy Levels on Metabolism and Serum Parameters of Steppe Red Cattle

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项目 Items	低能组 LE	中能组 ME	高能组 HE	SEM	P值 P value
项目 Items	低能组 LE	中能组 ME	高能组 HE	SEM	能量Energy	线性Linear
葡萄糖 Glu (mmol·L^-1)	3.26	3.65	3.14	0.30	0.803	0.887
总甘油三酯 TG (mmol·L^-1)	0.10^b	0.10^b	0.15^a	0.01	0.027	0.016
总胆固醇 TC(mmol·L^-1)	1.99	2.23	1.89	0.13	0.606	0.771
总蛋白 TP (g·L^-1)	47.60	49.71	49.75	0.91	0.584	0.644
尿素氮 UN (mmol·L^-1)	4.34^a	4.16^a	3.53^b	0.13	0.007	0.003