Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (12): 2475-2486.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.12.015

• ANIMAL SCIENCE·VETERINARY SCIENCE • Previous Articles    

Effects of Methionine Supplementation on Growth Performance, Carcass Trait, and Plasma Biochemical Indice of Growing Pekin Ducks Fed a Low-Energy and Low-Protein Diet

WU YongBao1,2(), TANG Jing2, CAO JunTing1, WANG QiMeng1, XIE Ming2, ZHOU ZhengKui2, HOU ShuiSheng2, WEN ZhiGuo1()   

  1. 1 Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
    2 Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193
  • Received:2025-01-20 Accepted:2025-05-12 Online:2025-06-19 Published:2025-06-19
  • Contact: WEN ZhiGuo

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Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of methionine supplementation on growth performance, carcass traits, and plasma biochemical indices of growing Pekin ducks fed a low-energy and low-protein diet (maintaining a constant energy-to-protein ratio), and to determine the methionine requirement of Pekin ducks under such dietary conditions, so as to provide the data support for feeding low energy and low protein diet in meat duck industry. 【Method】Using one-factor completely random design, a total of 240 Pekin ducks, with similar weight (560.26 ± 3.82 g) at 15 days of age, were randomly divided into 5 groups, with 6 replicates per group and 8 ducks per replicate. The basal diet was formulated based on China’s Feeding Standard of Meat-Type Ducks, the ratio of metabolizable energy (ME: 12.56 MJ·kg-1) and crude protein (CP: 17.5%) of growing Pekin ducks (CP/ME: 13.9 g·MJ -1), a low-energy and low-protein corn-soybean meal diet (ME: 11.90 MJ·kg-1; CP: 16.6%) with a constant CP/ME was formulated as the experimental basal diet (methionine analyzed value of 0.287%). Ducks were fed diets that the basal diet supplemented 5 methionine levels (0, 0.075%, 0.15%, 0.225%, and 0.30%), respectively. The experiment lasted for 28 days. 【Result】(1) Compared with the non-supplemented group (Control group), the average body weight at 28, 35, and 42 days of age, and average daily weight gain and methionine intake at each period of Pekin ducks were significantly increased (P<0.05) as dietary methionine increased in low-energy and low-protein diet. Average daily feed intake during 15 to 28, 15 to 35, and 15 to 42 days of age exhibited linear increases (P<0.05) with dietary methionine supplementation. (2) The methionine supplementation in low-energy and low-protein diets increased the breast muscle percentage (P<0.05), while abdominal fat percentage linearly decreased (P<0.05) in 42-day-old Pekin ducks. No significant differences were observed on organ indices (P>0.05). (3) There was no significant effect on the biochemical indices in plasma of 42-day-old Pekin ducks (P>0.05), though albumin content showed a quadratic response (P<0.05), peaking at intermediate methionine levels in the low-energy, low-protein diet. (4) Based on the linear-broken line model, the methionine requirement of growing Pekin ducks fed low-energy and low-protein diets ranged from 0.349% to 0.362% for optimal growth performance, and 0.375% for optimal breast meat rate, respectively. 【Conclusion】Taken together, the dietary methionine supplementation could increase the growth performance and improve carcass traits of growing Pekin duck in low-energy and low-protein diets, and the methionine requirement of Pekin ducks in this diet ranged 0.35% to 0.38% for optimal growth performance and carcass traits.

Key words: Pekin duck, methionine, low-energy and low-protein diet, growth performance

Table 1

The basal diet composition and nutrient levels of growing meat ducks from 15 to 42 days of age (as-is basis)"

原料 Ingredient 比例 Ratio (%) 营养水平Nutrient level2 含量 Content
玉米 Corn 68.42 代谢能 ME/(MJ/kg) 11.90
豆粕 Soybean meal 24.70 粗蛋白质 CP 16.60
小麦麸 Wheat bran 2.15 赖氨酸 Lys 0.92
磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 1.75 蛋氨酸 Met 0.287
石粉 Limestone 1.25 蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸 Met+Cys 0.57
食盐 NaCl 0.30 色氨酸 Trp 0.18
L-赖氨酸盐酸盐 L-Lys·HCl 0.10 精氨酸 Arg 1.07
DL-蛋氨酸+稻壳粉 DL-Met+ Rice hull powder 0.30 苏氨酸Thr 0.66
L-色氨酸 L-Trp 0.03 缬氨酸 Val 0.75
预混料 Premix1 1.00 钙 Ca 0.90
合计 Total 100.00 总磷 TP 0.66
有效磷 AP 0.38

Fig. 1

Effects of methionine supplementation on growth performance of Pekin duck fed a low-energy and low-protein diet"

Fig. 2

Effects of methionine supplementation on methionine intake of Pekin duck feed a low-energy, low-protein diet Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences P<0.05"

Table 2

Effects of methionine supplementation on carcass traits of 42-day-old Pekin duck fed a low-energy and low-protein diet (%)"

蛋氨酸水平
Dietary Met levels		 屠宰率
Dressing percentage		 全净膛率
Eviscerated
carcass		 胸肌率
Breast meat
rate		 腿肌率
Leg meat
rate		 腹脂率
Abdominal
fat rate		 皮脂率
Subcutaneous fat rate
0.287 86.6±1.1 59.6±1.9 14.0±1.7b 13.1±1.0 1.00±0.26 22.4±1.8
0.362 86.9±1.5 61.6±1.3 16.0±1.6a 13.2±1.2 0.97±0.34 21.1±2.0
0.437 87.2±1.2 60.8±2.4 16.0±1.5a 12.2±1.3 0.82±0.23 21.7±2.4
0.512 87.0±0.8 60.9±3.2 16.3±1.8a 12.3±1.6 0.85±0.24 21.5±2.8
0.587 86.6±1.2 61.0±2.3 16.7±1.6a 12.8±1.0 0.71±0.27 20.4±2.6
P值 P value
蛋氨酸 Met 0.6687 0.3354 0.0025 0.1688 0.0794 0.3630
线性效应 Linear effect 0.8637 0.3405 0.0004 0.1953 0.0069 0.1050
二次曲线效应 Quadratic effect 0.1393 0.2613 0.1080 0.1864 0.9359 0.8621

Table 3

Effects of methionine supplementation on organ index of 42-day-old Pekin duck fed a low-energy and low-protein diet (%)"

蛋氨酸水平
Dietary Met level		 肝脏
Liver		 心脏
Heart		 肌胃
Muscular stomach		 脾脏
Spleen		 胰腺
Pancreas
0.287 2.15±0.22 0.55±0.08 2.34±0.22 0.06±0.02 0.24±0.05
0.362 2.25±0.29 0.54±0.08 2.12±0.24 0.06±0.02 0.25±0.04
0.437 2.10±0.19 0.53±0.08 2.13±0.19 0.07±0.03 0.26±0.07
0.512 2.14±0.16 0.49±0.04 2.16±0.18 0.06±0.02 0.26±0.06
0.587 2.30±0.27 0.52±0.08 2.17±0.43 0.07±0.01 0.24±0.05
P值 P value
蛋氨酸 Met 0.1924 0.3429 0.2291 0.5972 0.7991
线性效应 Linear 0.3563 0.1093 0.0269 0.4999 0.7647
二次曲线效应 Quadratic 0.2030 0.4462 0.6403 0.5875 0.2655

Table 4

Effects of methionine supplementation on plasma biochemical indicators of 42-day-old Pekin duck fed a low-energy and low-protein diet"

蛋氨酸水平
Dietary Met level(%)		 谷丙转氨酶
ALT(U/L)		 谷草转氨酶
AST(U/L)		 碱性磷酸酶
ALP(U/L)		 乳酸脱氢酶
LDH(U/L)		 总蛋白
TP(g·L-1)		 白蛋白
ALB (g·L-1)
0.287 32.50±3.55 12.75±3.52 553.46±184.65 436.50±106.29 29.84±5.39 13.35±2.07
0.362 29.00±8.59 12.58±3.34 568.34±187.51 438.83±116.49 29.63±7.54 13.70±2.84
0.437 32.64±6.34 13.00±3.63 678.43±140.84 428.09±124.40 30.91±3.44 14.86±1.23
0.512 33.17±6.01 13.58±3.32 637.55±227.78 464.00±86.43 31.68±4.28 15.03±1.73
0.587 26.67±5.61 12.50±3.03 536.73±220.39 455.25±104.52 29.18±9.25 13.13±3.19
P值 P value
蛋氨酸 Met 0.0560 0.9372 0.3665 0.9288 0.8729 0.1732
线性效应 Linear 0.1930 0.8715 0.8420 0.5279 0.9016 0.6810
二次曲线效应 Quadratic 0.1874 0.6530 0.0795 0.8367 0.4696 0.0359

Table 5

Effects of methionine supplementation on plasma lipid metabolism-related parameters of 42-day-old Pekin ducks feed a low-energy, low-protein diet."

蛋氨酸水平
Dietary Met level (%)		 总胆固醇
TCHO (mmol·L-1)		 甘油三酯
TG (mmol·L-1)		 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇
HDLC (mmol·L-1)		 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇
LDLC (mmol·L-1)
0.287 4.22±0.57 0.89±0.20 2.17±0.28 1.13±0.32
0.362 3.93±0.80 0.89±0.24 2.07±0.49 1.02±0.18
0.437 4.01±0.59 0.78±0.16 2.13±0.31 1.03±0.21
0.512 4.28±0.59 0.92±0.25 2.27±0.28 1.11±0.30
0.587 3.62±0.78 0.81±0.32 1.94±0.52 0.87±0.18
P值 P value
蛋氨酸 Met 0.1546 0.5919 0.3429 0.1040
线性效应 Linear 0.1960 0.6315 0.4885 0.0634
二次曲线效应 Quadratic 0.4851 0.8982 0.3836 0.5385

Fig. 3

Estimation of methionine requirements of growing Pekin ducks fed low-energy and low-protein diets by linear broken line model (A) 42 d BW; (B) 15-42 d ADG; (C) 42 d Breast meat rate; (♡) Mean; (◊) Izndividual"

Table 6

Estimation of methionine requirements of growing Pekin ducks fed low-energy and low-protein diets by linear broken line model"

评价指标
Estimation criteria		 饲养阶段/日龄
Feeding phase/Days		 拟合方程
Regression		 蛋氨酸需要量
Met requirement (%)		 相关系数
R2		 P值
P value
平均体重
BW		 28 y=1787.8-1154.8×(0.349-x) 0.349 0.679 0.0011
35 y =2370.4-1330.7×(0.362-x) 0.362 0.705 0.0090
42 y =2929.7-1406.4×(0.352-x) 0.352 0.735 0.0036
平均日增重
ADG		 15—28 y =87.7-87.0×(0.345-x) 0.345 0.673 0.0010
15—35 y =86.2-63.9×(0.361-x) 0.361 0.698 0.0017
15—42 y =91.1-54.6×(0.351-x) 0.351 0.729 0.0032
胸肌率 Breast meat rate 42 y =16.3-25.8×(0.375-x) 0.375 0.758 0.0004
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doi: 10.1017/S1751731115000683 pmid: 25959107
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