饲粮能量水平对草原红牛代谢及血清指标的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.12.016

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary energy levels on gas metabolism, nutrient digestion and serum parameter of Steppe Red cattle. 【Method】 A total of twelve healthy Steppe Red cattle with body weight of 365.08±2.76 kg were randomly allocated into three groups. Each group was subject to one of the following 3 diets: 5.65, 6.05, and 6.43 MJ·kg^-1 of net energy for gain, defining as LE, ME and HE, respectively. Experimental period was 20 days with 18 days of adaptive phase and 2 days of testing phase, respectively. Equipment of macrofauna open-type with respiration and calorimetric function was used for respiratory calorimetry trial and digestive and metabolic trial during testing phase. Blood samples were collected from jugular vein of Steppe Red cattle to isolate serum, and serum biochemical parameters were detected. 【Result】 Data showed that methane output, methane output as a proportion of dry matter intake, oxygen consumption, and heat production in HE group were higher than those of other groups, while carbon dioxide output in HE group was higher than that of ME group (P<0.05), and all the indices above increased linearly with the increase of dietary energy (P<0.05). Analysis of energy metabolism parameters showed that digestible energy intake, metabolic energy intake, gross energy digestibility, gross energy metabolic rate, fecal energy output and urine energy output were not affected by dietary treatments (P>0.05). Methane energy output and methane energy output as a proportion of gross energy in HE group were higher than other groups (P<0.05), and the two indices increased linearly as dietary energy level increased (P<0.05). Nitrogen metabolism indices did not differ among groups (P>0.05). Apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were not affected by dietary energy level (P>0.05), whereas dry matter and organic matter apparent digestibility increased linearly with the increase of dietary energy (P=0.059). HE group exhibited increased serum total triglyceride and decreased urea nitrogen (P<0.05), and both indices were linearly changed as dietary energy level increased (P<0.05). Other serum parameters were not affected (P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 Overall, increasing dietary energy level could enhance nutrient utilization, whereas energy would lose in the form of methane energy when dietary energy level was too high. In general, medium energy group achieved the best energy utilization, and the appropriate supply quantity of the digestible energy and protein for 350 kg Steppe Red cattle were 128.12 MJ·d^-1 and 749.50 g·d^-1, respectively; the metabolic energy and protein were 121.78 MJ·d^-1 were 678.75 g·d^-1, respectively; the net energy for gain was 55.96 MJ·d^-1.

Key words: Steppe Red cattle, energy, gas metabolism, nutrient utilization, serum parameter

LIU JiWei,ZHANG XiangLun,LI Xu,WANG Lei,QIN LiHong,BAN ZhiBin,WU Jian,ZHANG GuoLiang,WAN FaChun. Effects of Dietary Energy Levels on Metabolism and Serum Parameters of Steppe Red Cattle[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(12): 2502-2511.

Figures/Tables 6

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

References 36

[1]	吕阳, 曹阳, 高一, 王玉婷, 张国梁. 草原红牛ACSL3基因CDS区克隆、生物信息学分析及组织表达研究. 中国畜牧兽医, 2019,46(4):957-966.
	LÜ Y, CAO Y, GAO Y, WANG Y T, ZHANG G L. Cloning, bioinformatics and tissue expression analysis of ACSL3 gene CDS in Red Stepper cattle. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2019,46(4):957-966. (in Chinese)
[2]	郭振刚, 张立春, 曹阳, 于永生, 罗晓彤, 金海国. 中国草原红牛肌肉生长抑制素基因3’-UTR多态性及其与屠宰性状的关联性分析. 中国畜牧兽医, 2013,40(10):184-188.
	GUO Z G, ZHANG L C, CAO Y, YU Y S, LUO X T, JIN H G. Correlations analysis between polymorphism of 3'-UTR in MSTN gene and slaughter traits of China Red Steppe. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2013,40(10):184-188. (in Chinese)
[3]	FANG X, ZHAO Z, YU H, LI G, JIANG P, YANG Y, YANG R, YU X. Comparative genome-wide methylation analysis of longissimus dorsi muscles between Japanese black (Wagyu) and Chinese Red Steppes cattle. PLoS One, 2017,12(8):e0182492. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182492 pmid: 28771560
[4]	RABELO E, REZENDE R L, BERTICS S J, GRUMMER RR. Effects of transition diets varying in dietary energy density on lactation performance and ruminal parameters of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 2003,86(3):916-925. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73674-1
[5]	王之盛, 李胜利. 反刍动物营养学. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2016.
	WANG Z S, LI S L. Ruminant Nutrition. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2016. (in Chinese)
[6]	陈艳, 王之盛, 张晓明, 王江, 邹华围, 蒋兴德, 吴丹. 生长期秦川牛能量代谢规律与需要量研究. 动物营养学报, 2016,28(5):1573-1580.
	CHEN Y, WANG Z S, ZHANG X M, WANG J, ZOU H W, JIANG X D, WU D. Energy metabolism and requirement of growing Qinchuan cattle. Chinese Journal of Nutrition, 2016,28(5):1573-1580. (in Chinese)
[7]	柏峻, 赵二龙, 李美华, 辛均平, 许兰娇, 瞿明仁, 易中华, 杨食堂, 杨建军, 李艳娇. 饲粮能量水平对育肥前期锦江阉牛生长性能、养分消化和能量代谢的影响. 动物营养学报, 2019,31(2):692-698.
	BO J, ZHAO E L, LI M H, XIN J P, XU L J, QU M R, YI Z H, YANG S T, YANG J J, LI Y J. Effects of dietary energy level on growth performance, nutrient digestion and energy metabolism of Jinjiang steers in early stage of fattening. Chinese Journal of Nutrition, 2019,31(2):692-698. (in Chinese)
[8]	LI L Y, ZHU Y K, WANG X Y, HE Y, CAO B H. Effects of different dietary energy and protein levels and sex on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of F₁ Angus×Chinese Xiangxi yellow cattle. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 2014,5(4):21. doi: 10.1186/2049-1891-5-21
[9]	李旭, 张国梁, 吴健, 胡成华, 刘基伟, 张鹏举, 丁晓伟, 王昱厢, 王成, 胡春喜, 包海虎, 赵玉民. 不同营养水平对草原红牛及其肉用群体肉用性能的影响. 安徽农业科学, 2009,37(35):17511-17513.
	LI X, ZHANG G L, WU J, HU C H, LIU J W, ZHANG P J, DING X W, WANG Y X, WANG C, HU C X, BAO H H, ZHAO Y M. Effect of diets with different nutritional levels on beef performance traits of grassland Red cattle and meat group. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2009,37(35):17511-17513. (in Chinese)
[10]	肉牛饲养标准（NY/T 815-2004）, 中华人民共和国农业部, 2004.
	Feeding standard of beef cattle(NY/T 815-2004), The Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, 2004. (in Chinese)
[11]	中国饲料成分及营养价值表(2017年第28版)中国饲料数据库. 畜禽业, 2018,29(1):72-81.
	Tables of feed composition and nutritive values in China (2017 twenty-eighth edition) Chinese feed database. Livestock and Poultry Industry, 2018,29(1) : 72-81. (in Chinese)
[12]	班志彬, 梁浩, 杨华明. 大型动物“开放回流式呼吸测热装置”的研制及应用试验. 中国畜牧兽医文摘, 2014,30(2):185-187.
	BAN Z B, LIANG H, YANG H M. Development and application of "open return flow respiratory calorimeter equipment" for large animals. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine Abstract, 2014,30(2):185-187. (in Chinese)
[13]	张丽英. 饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术. 北京: 中国农业大学出版社, 2007.
	ZHANG L Y. Feed Analysis and Feed Quality Testing Technology. Beijing: China Agricultural University Press, 2007. (in Chinese)
[14]	周虹. 吐温80和人参皂甙对绵羊能量代谢和温室气体排放量的影响[D]. 长春: 吉林农业大学, 2016.
	ZHOU H. Effect of tween 80 and ginseng saponins on sheep energy metabolism and greenhouse gases production[D]. Changchun: Jilin Agricultural University, 2016. (in Chinese)
[15]	MADSEN J, BJERG B S, HVELPLUND T, WEISBJERG M R, LUND P. Methane and carbon dioxide ratio in excreted air for quantification of the methane production from ruminants. Livestock Science, 2010,129(1-3):223-227. doi: 10.1016/j.livsci.2010.01.001
[16]	马媚. 不同能量蛋白水平日粮对奶牛能量代谢及生产性能的影响[D]. 北京: 中国农业大学, 2005.
	MA M. Effect of energy and protein level on energy metabolism and productivity of dairy cows[D]. Beijing: China Agricultural University, 2005. (in Chinese)
[17]	崔安. 不同精粗比日粮对舍饲秦川肉牛甲烷产量和瘤胃发酵的影响[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2016.
	CUI A. The effects of different concentrate to forage ratio in Qinchuan beef catttle mathane gas emissions and rumen fermentation[D]. Yangling: Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, 2016. (in Chinese)
[18]	BOUGOUIN A, FERLAY A, DOREAU M, MARTIN C. Effects of carbohydrate type or bicarbonate addition to grass silage-based diets on enteric methane emissions and milk fatty acid composition in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 2018,101(7):6085-6097. doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-14041 pmid: 29680648
[19]	LOVETT D, LOVELL S, STACK L, CALLAN J, FINLAY M, CONOLLY J, O'MARA F P. Effect of forage/concentrate ratio and dietary coconut oil level on methane output and performance of finishing beef heifers. Livestock Production Science, 2003,84(2):135-146. doi: 10.1016/j.livprodsci.2003.09.010
[20]	PETRIE K J, BOLAND T M, HART K J, MCCARNEY C M, WATERS S M, KENNY D A. Effect of level of dietary soy oil supplementation and concentrate to forage ratio on feed intake, methane production and rumen fermentation variables of beef steers. Advances in Animal Biosciences, 2010,1(1):50. doi: 10.1017/S2040470010001937
[21]	孙玲玲, 马露, 卜登攀, 许建初, 刘士杰, 何美莹. 硬核油对瘤胃体外发酵及脂肪酸组成的影响. 动物营养学报, 2017,29(3):1074-1081.
	SUN L L, MA L, BU D P, XU J C, LIU S J, HE M Y. Effects of scleropyrum wallichianum oil on in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics and fatty acid composition. Chinese Journal of Nutrition, 2017,29(3):1074-1081. (in Chinese)
[22]	赵敏孟, 杨在宾, 杨维仁, 陈冠军. 饲粮能量水平对青山羊能量代谢和产热量的影响. 中国畜牧杂志, 2013,49(11):41-45.
	ZHAO M M, YANG Z B, YANG W R, CHEN G J. Effects of digestible energy levels on energy metabolism and heat production of grey goats. Chinese Journal of Animal Science, 2013,49(11):41-45. (in Chinese)
[23]	刘道杨, 付戴波, 瞿明仁, 祁兴磊, 赵连甫, 祈兴运. 11~12月龄夏南牛能量代谢规律与需要量研究. 江西农业大学学报, 2013,35(4):802-806.
	LIU D Y, FU D B, QU M R, QI X L, ZHAO L F, QI X Y. The metabolism rule and requirements of energy of 11 to 12-month-old Xianan cattle. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis, 2013,35(4):802-806. (in Chinese)
[24]	崔秋佳. 犊牛生长期(90~120kg, 140~200kg)能量和蛋白质代谢规律及其需要量研究[D]. 保定: 河北农业大学, 2013.
	CUI Q J. Study on metabolic rule and requiements of energy and protein in replacement Holstein heifers[D]. Baoding: Hebei Agricultural University, 2013. (in Chinese)
[25]	崔祥, 刁其玉, 张乃锋, 邱国梁, 刘策, 曾书秦, 屠焰. 日粮能量水平对断奶犊牛生长性能及营养物质消化代谢的影响. 畜牧兽医学报, 2014,45(11):1815-1823. doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2014.11.011
	CUI X, DIAO Q Y, ZHANG N F, QIU G L, LIU C, ZENG S Q, TU Y. Effects of dietary energy levels on growth performanc, digestion and metabolism of nutrients of weaned heifers. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica. 2014,45(11):1815-1823. (in Chinese) doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2014.11.011
[26]	DA SILVA L D, PEREIRA, O G, DA SILVA T C, VALADARES FILHO S C, RIBEIRO K G. Effects of silage crop and dietary crude protein levels on digestibility, ruminal fermentation, nitrogen use efficiency, and performance of finishing beef cattle. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2016,220:22-33. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.07.008
[27]	张卫兵, 刁其玉, 张乃锋, 屠焰, 王光文, 袁耀明. 日粮蛋白能量比对8-10月龄后备奶牛生长性能和养分消化的影响. 中国农业科学, 2010,43(12):2541-2547.
	ZHANG W B, DIAO Q Y, ZHANG N F, TU Y, WANG G W, YUAN Y M. Effect of dietary protein to metabolizable energy ratio on growth performance and nutrients digestion of 8-10-month-old Chinese Holstein heifers. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2010,43(12):2541-2547. (in Chinese)
[28]	穆阿丽, 杨在宾, 吴乃科, 宋恩亮, 杨维仁, 吕爱军, 崔永华. 不同能量水平下犊牛蛋白质需要量及其代谢规律的研究. 中国牛业科学, 2006,32(4):18-22.
	MU A L, YANG Z B, WU N K, SONG E L, YANG W R, LÜ A J, CUI Y H. Study on protein requirement and metabolism of calves under different energy levels. China Cattle Science, 2006,32(4):18-22. (in Chinese)
[29]	张蓉, 刁其玉, 屠焰, 张乃峰. 能量水平对早期断奶犊牛消化代谢及血清指标的影响. 中国农业科学, 2009,42(3):1024-1029.
	ZHANG R, DIAO Q Y, TU Y, ZHANG N F. Effects of different energy levels on nutrient utilization and serum biochemical parameters of early-weaned calves. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2009,42(3):1024-1029. (in Chinese)
[30]	崔祥. 日粮能量水平对4~6月龄犊牛生长、消化代谢及瘤胃内环境的影响[D]. 北京: 中国农业科学院, 2014.
	CUI X. Effect and mechanism of different energy level on growth, digestion and metabolism, ruminal environment in heifers aged 4 to 6 months[D]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2014. (in Chinese)
[31]	曾书秦. 日粮能量水平对7~10月龄育成牛生长、消化代谢及瘤胃内环境的影响[D]. 北京: 中国农业科学院, 2015.
	ZENG S Q. Effect of dietary energy level on growth, digestion and metabolism, ruminal environment in heifers aged 7 to 10 months[D]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2015. (in Chinese)
[32]	SHAKERI P, RIASI A, ALIKHANI M, FAZAELI H, GHORBANI G R. Effects of feeding pistachio by-products silage on growth performance, serum metabolites and urine characteristics in Holstein male calves. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2013,97(6):1022-1029. doi: 10.1111/jpn.12005
[33]	COZZI G, RAVAROTTO L, GOTTARDO F, STEFANI A L, CONTIERO B, MORO L, BRSCIC M, DALVIT P. Short communication: reference values for blood parameters in Holstein dairy cows: Effects of parity, stage of lactation, and season of production. Journal of Dairy Science, 2011,94(8):3895-3901. doi: 10.3168/jds.2010-3687
[34]	武婷婷, 王敏, 郭辉, 杨膺白, 贺志雄, 王荣, 马志远, 黄琳峰, 林波, 梁云斌. 不同能量水平的象草饲粮对肉牛生长、消化及血清生化指标的影响. 动物营养学报, 2018,30(3):1178-1184.
	WU T T, WANG M, GUO H, YANG Y B, HE Z X, WANG R, MA Z Y, HUANG L F, LIN B, LIANG Y B. Influences of elephant grass diet with different energy levels on growth, digestion and serum biochemical parameters of beef cattle. Chinese Journal of Nutrition, 2018,30(3):1178-1184. (in Chinese)
[35]	MARTY B J, BLOCK E. Effects of dietary fat supplementation and recombinant bovine somatropin on milk production, nutritional status and lipid metabolism of dairy cows. Canadian Veterinary Journal La Revue Veterinaire Canadienne, 1992,72(3):633-649.
[36]	吕小康, 祁敏丽, 王杰, 王世琴, 崔凯, 刁其玉, 张乃锋. 饲粮能量和蛋白质水平对61~120日龄湖羊羔羊生长性能、氮代谢和血清生化指标的影响. 动物营养学报, 2017,29(12):4355-4364.
	LÜ X K, QI M L, WANG J, WANG S Q, CUI K, DIAO Q Y, ZHANG N F. Effects of dietary energy and protein levels on growth performance, nitrogen metabolism and serum biochemical indices of Hu lambs at 61 to 120 days of age. Chinese Journal of Nutrition, 2017,29(12):4355-4364. (in Chinese)

Related Articles 15

[1]	JIA ZiCheng, QIN BingYu, MA CaiYing, DU Yong, LIU TongGao, XUE RuiLin, WANG XiaoLong, ZHOU ShiWei. Effects of Diets with Different Nutritional Levels on Maternal-Infant Integrated Production Performance and Rumen Microorganisms of Double-Lamb Shanbei White Cashmere Goats [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(3): 668-686.
[2]	LI Xue, XU Yan, MAO XueFei. Agroelementomics: Concept, Progress and Perspective in Analytical Techniques [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(1): 190-204.
[3]	SHE YingJun, ZHOU ZiZhe, WU Ming, GUO Wei, SHI ChangJian, HU Chao, LI Ping. Effects of Groundwater Depth and Nitrogen Application on the Distribution of Soil Water and Salt and the Nutrient Absorption and Utilization of Winter Wheat [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(20): 4285-4304.
[4]	LIU Chen, FANG YaTing, REN Tao, WANG KunKun, REN YuFang, MENG ZiZhen, LIAO ShiPeng, LU JianWei. The Impact of Annual Nitrogen Fertilizer Management on Crop Yield and Nitrogen Utilization in Rice-Rapeseed Rotation System [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(16): 3233-3244.
[5]	MENG ZiZhen, REN Tao, LIU Chen, WANG KunKun, LIAO ShiPeng, LI XiaoKun, CONG RiHuan, LU ZhiFeng, FANG YaTing, LU JianWei. Balanced Application of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer in Rice-Rapeseed Rotation System Improves Crop Yield and Nutrient Utilization [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(16): 3190-3200.
[6]	WANG AnXin, FANG YaTing, DUN Qian, WU YongQing, LIAO ShiPeng, LI XiaoKun, REN Tao, LU ZhiFeng, CONG RiHuan, LU JianWei. Effects of Direct and Biochar-Based Straw Incorporation on Crop Yield and Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization in a Rice-Rapeseed Rotation System [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(16): 3280-3292.
[7]	WU YongBao, TANG Jing, CAO JunTing, WANG QiMeng, XIE Ming, ZHOU ZhengKui, HOU ShuiSheng, WEN ZhiGuo. Effects of Methionine Supplementation on Growth Performance, Carcass Trait, and Plasma Biochemical Indice of Growing Pekin Ducks Fed a Low-Energy and Low-Protein Diet [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(12): 2475-2486.
[8]	ZHU QingYing, HE GengYi, SUN Ping. Research on the Spatio-Temporal Evolution and Differentiated Improvement Path of Low-Carbon Utilization Efficiency of Cultivated Land Under the Background of New and Old Kinetic Energy Conversion——A Case Study of Guangdong Province [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(11): 2206-2224.
[9]	XIAO LiuHua, KANG NaiHui, LI ShuCheng, ZHENG ZhiYuan, LUO RaoRao, CHEN JinYin, CHEN Ming, XIANG MiaoLian. Effect of Methyl Jasmonate on Energy Metabolism and Membrane Lipid Metabolism During Resistance to Botryosphaeria dothidea in Kiwifruit [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(7): 1377-1393.
[10]	YANG Yang, JIA MengHan, CHEN Can, ZHANG YiHan, TONG YuXin. Effects of Different Ratios of Green-Blue Light on Basil Growth and Its Energy Use Efficiency [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(6): 1167-1179.
[11]	HUANG Hao, WU QingHong, ZHANG Yu, WANG Ye, LIU QingE, FANG YiDa, LUO ZiSheng. Effects of Novel Phase Change Coolant on the Postharvest Quality of Shiitake Mushrooms [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(5): 989-999.
[12]	YUAN GuoQing, CHEN ErHu, TANG PeiAn. The Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Protein-Coding Genes ND6 and ATP6 in Regulating Cold Tolerance of Cryptolestes ferrugineus [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(22): 4483-4494.
[13]	GUO ChengNuo, HAN MingXia, JIANG TingTing, WANG YuMing, ZHAO Feng, XIE JingJing, SA RenNa. Effects of Different Replacement Ratios of Soybean Meal on Its Metabolizable Energy and Nitrogen Metabolism in Broilers [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(18): 3695-3703.
[14]	LI Kai, BAI GuoSong, TENG ChunRan, MA Teng, ZHONG RuQing, CHEN Liang, ZHANG HongFu. Prediction Equations of Chicken Metabolizable Energy Values for Grain Ingredients Based on in Vitro Simulated Enzymatic Hydrolysate Gross Energy Values and Chemical Composition [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(10): 2035-2045.
[15]	HU WenShi, LI YinShui, ZHAO ManLi, ZHANG ShanShan, GU ChiMing, DAI Jing, LI XiaoYong, YANG Lu, QIN Lu, LIAO Xing. Characteristics of Oilseed Rape Cultivar with Different Oil Content in Nutrient Dynamitic Accumulation Rates and Utilization Efficiency [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(24): 4895-4905.

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

Comments

Recommended 0

No Suggested Reading articles found!

项目Items	低能组（LE）	中能组（ME）	高能组（HE）
饲料组成 Composition
玉米Corn	62.2	68.2	67.7
大豆粕Soybean meal	8.0	8.0	8.0
玉米干酒糟及其可溶物Corn DDGS	8.0	8.0	8.0
米糠粕Rice bran meal	6.0	—	—
玉米皮Corn bran	7.8	7.8	7.3
石粉Limestone	2.0	2.0	2.0
氯化钠NaCl	1.0	1.0	1.0
小苏打NaHCO₃	1.0	1.0	1.0
大豆油Soybean oil	—	—	1.0
预混料¹Premix	4.0	4.0	4.0
合计Total	100.0	100.0	100.0
营养水平Nutrient levels²
总能GE（MJ/kg）	15.98	16.08	16.17
增重净能NEg（MJ/kg）	5.65	6.05	6.43
干物质DM	90.57	90.55	90.27
有机物OM	83.28	83.27	83.38
粗蛋白CP	17.79	18.05	17.50
粗脂肪EE	3.34	3.56	3.95
钙Ca	0.93	0.92	0.92
总磷TP	0.42	0.39	0.38

项目 Items	低能组 LE	中能组 ME	高能组 HE	SEM	P值 P value
项目 Items	低能组 LE	中能组 ME	高能组 HE	SEM	能量Energy	线性Linear
甲烷产生量CH₄ production (L·d^-1)	173.75b	159.75b	257.75a	16.96	0.018	0.019
甲烷产生量占干物质采食量比例 CH₄ output as a proportion of DMI (L·kg^-1)	18.78b	17.28b	21.90a	1.83	0.017	0.018
氧气消耗量O₂ consumption (L·d^-1)	3564.5b	3215.8b	4606.2a	198.60	0.001	0.002
二氧化碳产生量CO₂ output (L·d^-1)	3243.8ab	2826.5b	4105.8a	190.50	0.004	0.013
呼吸熵Respiratory quotient	0.90	0.88	0.89	0.01	0.090	0.102
产热量Heat production (MJ·d^-1)	73.50b	65.80b	94.50a	3.91	<0.001	<0.001

项目 Items	低能组 LE	中能组 ME	高能组 HE	SEM	P值 P value
项目 Items	低能组 LE	中能组 ME	高能组 HE	SEM	能量Energy	线性Linear
消化能采食量GEI (MJ·d^-1)	124.63	128.12	132.35	1.60	0.139	0.053
代谢能采食量MEI (MJ·d^-1)	117.73	121.78	122.14	1.43	0.414	0.240
总能消化率GE digestibility (%)	73.07	74.94	77.25	0.91	0.174	0.069
总能代谢率GE metabolic rate (%)	69.02	71.23	71.29	0.82	0.481	0.299
甲烷能排放量CH₄-EE/ (MJ·d^-1)	6.86b	6.32b	10.19a	0.67	0.018	0.018
甲烷能占总能比值 CH₄/GE(%)	4.03b	3.70b	5.95a	0.39	0.018	0.020
粪能排泄量FEE (MJ·d^-1)	45.92	42.86	38.98	1.54	0.189	0.076
尿能排泄量UEE (kJ·d^-1)	33.59	26.42	28.16	2.38	0.483	0.386

项目 Items	低能组 LE	中能组 ME	高能组 HE	SEM	P值 P value
项目 Items	低能组 LE	中能组 ME	高能组 HE	SEM	能量Energy	线性Linear
粪氮排泄量FNE (g·d^-1)	53.31	54.97	48.49	1.88	0.378	0.319
尿氮排泄量UNE (g·d^-1)	11.00	11.33	11.02	0.24	0.854	0.970
消化氮Digestible N（g·d^-1)	119.90	119.92	122.60	1.73	0.798	0.569
沉积氮Retained N (g·d^-1)	108.90	108.60	111.58	1.71	0.772	0.566
氮表观消化率N digestibility (%)	69.22	68.57	71.66	1.05	0.495	0.381
氮表观代谢率N metabolic rate (%)	62.88	62.09	65.22	1.04	0.485	0.390

项目 Items	低能组 LE	中能组 ME	高能组 HE	SEM	P值 P value
项目 Items	低能组 LE	中能组 ME	高能组 HE	SEM	能量Energy	线性Linear
干物质DM	73.74	75.52	77.68	0.83	0.152	0.059
有机物OM	75.09	76.91	79.04	0.83	0.151	0.059
粗脂肪EE	81.72	81.98	84.05	0.60	0.240	0.129
中性洗涤纤维NDF	66.16	67.70	71.12	1.26	0.276	0.126
酸性洗涤纤维ADF	64.35	65.26	68.18	1.30	0.498	0.270

Effects of Dietary Energy Levels on Metabolism and Serum Parameters of Steppe Red Cattle

RichHTML

PDF