Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2018, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (21): 4052-4064.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.21.005

• PLANT PROTECTION • Previous Articles     Next Articles

MdWRKY40 Mediated Improvement of the Immune Resistance of Apple and Arabidopsis thaliana to Botryosphaeria dothidea

QianQian ZHOU1(),HuaRong QIU1,XiaoWen HE1,XianPu WANG1,XiuXia LIU1,BaoHua LI2,ShuJing WU1(),XueSen CHEN1()   

  1. 1College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Taian 271018, Shandong
    2College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong
  • Received:2018-05-14 Accepted:2018-06-19 Online:2018-11-01 Published:2018-11-01
  • Contact: QianQian ZHOU,ShuJing WU,XueSen CHEN E-mail:18763829703@163.com;wushujing666@163.com;chenxs@sdau.edu.cn

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Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study is to clone MdWRKY40 from ‘Fuji’ apple, research its expression pattern under salicylic acid (SA)-induced conditions and its role in the disease resistance pathway of Botryosphaeria dothidea, and to provide a theoretical basis for further revealing the disease resistance mechanism of apple. 【Method】 The full-length CDS sequence of MdWRKY40 was cloned from ‘Fuji’ apple, and its bioinformatics analysis was carried out. Fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to analyze the expression level in different apple tissues and the response to abiotic stress SA, to study the effect of exogenous SA treatment on apple leaves inoculated with pathogenic fungi B. dothidea, and to detect the expression of pathogenesis-related protein gene by qRT-PCR. MdWRKY40 was expressed heterologous in Arabidopsis thaliana, and the stably expressed A. thaliana seedlings were treated with B. dothidea to observe the degree of disease and the number of infected leaves. The expression of disease-associated genes was analyzed by qRT-PCR. The root length of A. thaliana seedlings was measured and the expression of auxin-related genes was detected by qRT-PCR. 【Result】 MdWRKY40 contains a complete open reading frame of 858 bp in length and encodes 286 amino acids. The predicted molecular weight is 32.088 kD and the isoelectric point is 8.15. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that MdWRKY40 has the highest similarity with the PbWRKY40 sequence, and its genetic relationship is closest. MdWRKY40 and AtWRKY40 locate in different branches, and its genetic relationship is far from that of AtWRKY40. The multiple sequence alignment analysis of MdWRKY40 and AtWRKY40 by using DANMAN software revealed that both MdWRKY40 protein and AtWRKY protein contain a WRKYGQK conserved domain, but similarity is only 29.78%. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression level of MdWRKY40 was the highest in root and lowest in leaf. SA induced MdWRKY40 expression in root, stem and leaf, and the expression all increased first and then decreased, reached the highest level at 6 h. Exogenous SA enhanced the resistance of apple leaves to B. dothidea, the incidence of untreated leaves reached 92.59%, and the incidence after SA treatment decreased to 79.26%, and significantly increased the expression of disease-associated protein genes MdPR2 and MdPR5. Compared with the wild type, the overexpression of MdWRKY40 in A. thaliana significantly increased the resistance of A. thaliana leaves to B. dothidea. The incidence of wild type A. thaliana reached 77.5%, while the incidence of two transgenic A. thaliana lines was only 21.5% and 17.4%, and significantly increased the expression of PR1, PR3, and PR4 genes associated with disease progression. The root growth of A. thaliana plants with overexpression of MdWRKY40 was inhibited. After 7 days of culture, the length of main root of transgenic A. thaliana was 39.9% and 43.1% respectively of that of wild type A. thaliana. After 10 days of culture, the length of main root of transgenic A. thaliana was 58.5% and 55.4% respectively of that of wild type A. thaliana. The expression level of the auxin synthesis-related gene AtTAA1 and auxin transport-related genes AtPIN1 and AtPIN2 was significantly lower in the MdWRKY40 overexpression lines than in the wild type.【Conclusion】The expression of MdWRKY40 was induced by the infection of SA and the pathogenic fungi B. dothidea. MdWRKY40 is an important disease resistance gene in apple. The overexpression of MdWRKY40 significantly increased the resistance to B. dothidea. MdWRKY40 has the function of regulating the growth and development of plant roots, which may affect the growth and development of plant roots by down-regulating the expression of auxin transport-related genes.

Key words: apple, MdWRKY40, salicylic acid (SA), Botryosphaeria dothidea, immune resistance, root growth

Table 1

Primer sequences used for qRT-PCR"

基因Gene 正向引物序列 Forward primer sequence (5′-3′) 反向引物序列Reverse primer sequence (5′-3′)
MdWRKY40 GAGAATGCAACCCTAAGATTCC ATATGCATTTGGTGGTGGTG
MdPR2 ACTCACAGTCACCATCCTCAAC AATCGAACATCAGCTGAATAGG
MdPR5 CTCACCTTGGCCATCCTCTT TTGGATGCTAGTTCGAAGC
AtPR1 TCATGGCTAAGTTTGCTTCC AATACACACGATTTAGCACC
AtPR3 ACGGAAGAGGACCAATGCAA GAGCAGTCATCCAGAACCAAATC
AtPR4 ACCACCGCGGACTACTGTTC ACCACCGCGGACTACTGTTC
AtPIN1 CGGTGGGAACAACATAAGCA CACACTTGTTGGTGGCATCAC
AtPIN2 CCGTGGGGCTAAGCTTCTCATCT AGCTTTCCGTCGTCTCCTATCTCC
AtTAA1 GATGAAGAATCGGTGGGAGAAGC CGTCCCTAGCCACGCAAACGCAGG

Fig. 1

Construction of MdWRKY40 expression vector and bioinformatics analysis Expasy预测其分子量为32.088 kD,等电点为8.15,用DANMAN软件进行多序列比对分析发现,MdWRKY40蛋白与拟南芥AtWRKY40蛋白相似度为29.78%,都含有一个WRKYGQK保守结构域（图1-C）。"

Fig. 2

Phylogenetic tree analysis of MdWRKY40 and WRKY40 of other species"

Fig. 3

Expression analysis of MdWRKY40 in different tissues of apple and expression after induced by salicylic acid and B. dothidea infection Different lowercase letters on the column indicate significant differences (P<0.05); ** indicates extremely significant difference (P<0.01). The same as below"

Fig. 4

SA treatment of apple leaves inoculated with B. dothidea"

Fig. 5

Identification of transgenic A. thaliana"

Fig. 6

Overexpression of MdWRKY40 A. thaliana leaves inoculated with B. dothidea"

Fig. 7

Expression of disease-associated genes in transgenic A. thaliana"

Fig. 8

The root growth status of transgenic and wild type A. thaliana"

Fig. 9

Expression of auxin-related genes in transgenic and wild type A. thaliana"

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