不同施氮量下缓释氮肥与尿素掺混对玉米生长与氮素吸收利用的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.20.009

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】Understanding of the effects of mixed slow-release nitrogen fertilizer on crop growth can serve as a guide for optimal N management by improving N use efficiency and grain yield and reducing soil NO₃^-- N residue.【Method】An experiment was conducted in Guanzhong Plain to investigate the effects of a mixture of conventional urea and slow-release fertilizer (N ratios 3∶7, respectively) and N application rates on maize plant height, stem diameter, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation , yield, yield components and nitrogen use with a high yielding ‘Zhengdan 958’in a randomized complete block design. Three nitrogen fertilizer types (U: conventional urea, S: slow- release urea and SU: a mixture of slow-release and conventional urea with N ratio 7∶3) and four N application rates N1 (90 kg·hm^-2), N2 (120 kg·hm^-2), N3 (180 kg·hm^-2) and N4 (240 kg·hm^-2) were applied in the study. No nitrogen plot was designed as the control (CK). There were 13 treatments were established.【Result】The interactions of nitrogen fertilizer types and rates on maize growth index, dry matter accumulation, yield and yield components were significant. Compared with other treatments, the maximum dry matter and nitrogen accumulation (17 927.9 kg·hm^-2and 156.1 kg·hm^-2) with SU (N3) were increased by 16.0%-61.7% and 8.1%-45.2%, respectively .The highest grain yield (6 200 kg·hm^-2) was achieved in the treatment of SU (N3), increased by 19.8% and 20.7% in comparison with the treatments of U (N3) and S (N2), respectively. There was no significant difference in yield among S (N2), SU (N2) and U (N3). The results also indicated that the yield did not increase with increasing N application rate. In the N3 treatment, the yields with U and SU were, respectively, increased by 19.7% and 19.0%, compared with N4. Moreover, the yield with S (N2) application was increased by 10.9% and 26.5% compared with S under N3 and N4, respectively. Compared with the U (N3) and S (N2) treatments, the nitrogen translocation amount with SU (N3) was highest, increased by 14.7% and 8.2%, respectively. It was conducive to promoting the grain yield. The accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in soil increased with higher N application rate, but applying mixture (SU) reduced the NO₃^--N accumulation by 21.2% and 9.5% compared with monotypic conventional or slow- release urea. Regardless of application rate, the mixed urea treatments reduced the leaching N in the soil profile by augmenting NO₃^--N contents at 0-40 cm soil layers.【Conclusion】The results demonstrate that moderate amount (180 kg·hm^-2) of application of the mixture of slow-release and conventional urea is recommended for gaining greater yields of maize and N use efficiency in Guanzhong Plain.

Key words: Zea mays, slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, urea; blending, nitrogen application rate, N use efficiency, soil nitrate nitrogen

GUO JinJin, ZHANG FuCang, WANG HaiDong, YAN ShiCheng, ZHENG Jing, CHEN DongFeng, LI ZhiJun. Effects of Slow-Release Nitrogen Fertilizer and Urea Blending on Maize Growth and Nitrogen Uptake Under Different Nitrogen Application Rates[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(20): 3930-3943.

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Effects of Slow-Release Nitrogen Fertilizer and Urea Blending on Maize Growth and Nitrogen Uptake Under Different Nitrogen Application Rates

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