Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2015, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (21): 4314-4322.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.21.011

• HORTICULTURE • Previous Articles     Next Articles

A Genome-Wide Survey of HD-ZipⅠ Genes and Their Responses to Hormone in Apple

WEN Xiao-hong, JIANG Yong-hua, KANG Jian, WANG Hao-jie , REN Xiao-lin   

  1. College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
  • Received:2015-04-08 Online:2015-11-01 Published:2015-11-01

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Abstract: 【Objective】By integrating bioinformatics and analyses of physiological features, the functions of homeodomain leucine zipper I (HD-Zip I) in apple genome were studied. This study may aid in the selection of appropriate candidate genes for apple ripening research.【Method】ExPASy was employed to analyze the family members’ basic physical and chemical properties, MEME and PLACE were used to predict cis-elements in the promoters and their functions, and GSDS was used to draw the stucture map of intron/extron. The ripening characters such as internal ethylene concentration, soluble solids, hardness and titratable acid after various hormone-treatments were tested. Semi-quantitative PCR was used to detect gene responses to different plant hormones.【Result】A total of 22 HD-Zip I genes were identified in Royal Gala, and they are further divided into ?ve clades with phylogenetic analysis. The intron/exon structures showed a partly conservation in structure from the same cluster. Cis-elements related to hormone responses (such as gibberellin, cytokinins, jasmonic acid, ethylene and abscisic acid) are widely distributed in the -600 bp upsteam region from ATG, and the most conserved and abundant one is (GA/TC)8 repeated sequence. The treatments of ethylene and abscisic acid similarly increased the inner ethylene content and promoted the maturation process. Differing from other members, the transcriptional levels of MdHZ1 and MdHZ17 were both up-regulated on 48 h after treatments, while their levels were down-regulated by PUT and GA4, which could delay the ripening process of apples in the experiments. These data showed a close connection between genes MdHZ1, MdHZ17 and fruit ripening. At the same time, it was also detected that the family members answered the hormone treatments differently and MdHZ16 was the undetectable one. Therefore, the up-regulate network of this family is complex and even the similar structure genes within a same family do not present alike expression patterns.【Conclusion】There are 22 HD-Zip I genes identified from apple and they possess similar gene structures. Promoter regions contain lots of cis-elements involved in hormone interaction response, and this may be a reason for the differently answer to exogenous hormone treatments. MdHZ1 and MdHZ17 could be the main candidate genes participating in ripening progress.

Key words: apple, HD-Zip I gene family, hormone, ripening, significant genes

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