主要果树果实品质遗传改良与提升实践

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.17.018

Abstract

Abstract: The current situation of fruit quality improvement both at home and abroad, the gaps between China and the developed countries and the reasons causing these gaps were firstly summarized and analyzed. Based on the review, the aim of the genetic improvement for citrus, apple, pear, peach, grape and other main fruit trees, the techniques used in genetic improvement and the achievements obtained, fruit quality genetic predisposition and mechanisms of bud mutation sere systematically discussed. Meanwhile, the breakthroughs in citrus protoplast fusion and seedless variety creation, functional apple breeding system establishment, the embryo culture of early ripening stone fruit varieties, seedless grape, varieties developing from wild cherry plum, and juvenile shortening transgenic technology were illustrated through presenting the concrete successful cases. Lastly, three recommendations directed at Chinese fruit quality improvement were proposed: Further strengthening the research, utilization and evaluation of wild fruit tree resources to broad the genetic basis of the fruit cultivars and enhance the fruit quality. Further deepening the research on biotechnological approaches such as cell engineering, the mechanism of bud mutation, and the principles of genetic variation of traits to establish a fruit improvement technique system with high efficiency combining modern biotechnology and conventional techniques and sexual cross breeding and bud mutation selection. Further strengthening the regional cultivation tests of new international varieties and applying for variety right international protection to culture international “Big variety”.

Key words: apple, citrus, pear, grape, peach, fruit quality, improved breeding

CHEN Xue-sen, GUO Wen-wu, XU Juan, CONG Pei-hua, WANG Li-rong, LIU Chong-huai, LI Xiu-gen, WU Shu-jing,YAO Yu-xin, CHEN Xiao-liu. Genetic Improvement and Promotion of Fruit Quality of Main Fruit Trees[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(17): 3524-3540.

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