Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (1): 179-189.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.01.013

• HORTICULTURE • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Screening of Key Genes Related to Gibberellic Acid Regulation of Rachis Hardening in Honey Grapes

WANG SiQi1(), ZOU LiRen2, BAI RuiWen2, YAN Ke2, WANG SiYang1, QI XiaoGuang2, SHEN HaiLin2,*(), WEN JingHui2,*()   

  1. 1 Department of Agriculture Science, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin
    2 Institute of Pomology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling 136100, Jilin
  • Received:2025-06-09 Accepted:2025-08-04 Online:2026-01-01 Published:2026-01-07
  • Contact: SHEN HaiLin, WEN JingHui

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Abstract:

【Objective】Gibberellins treatment usually leads to an increase in the grape rachis hardening. Under the treatment of gibberellic acid, study the morphological and transcriptomic differences, screen gibberellic acid related functional genes, would help develop grape rachis softening measures in production. 【Method】The Honey grape was treated with gibberellic acid at the flowering stage, and the water treatment was used as the control. The middle part of the rachis was collected for morphological observation and transcriptomic analysis on the 15th day after treatment. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to lignin synthesis were screened between the control and gibberellic acid treatment, and real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-qPCR was used to verify their expression levels. In order to identify the key genes involved in rachis hardening, a correlation analysis was conducted between phenotypic traits, key differentially expressed genes, related enzyme activities, and lignin content. 【Result】After gibberellic acid treatment, no visible "intercellular space" was observed between the xylem and the cambium. Cellulose structures were observed in the epidermis, phloem, and pith. A total of 4459 DEGs were identified, among which 26 were involved in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway-a key route for lignin formation. Four key differentially expressed genes (F6HNF5 (Vitvi13g00622), D7SYR4 (Vitvi01g00658), F6H218 (Vitvi19g00186), and F6GS10 (Vitvi17g00898)) were screened from the pathway. Their qRT-PCR expression patterns were consistent with the trends in the transcriptomic analysis. The activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and cinnamaldehyde dehydrogenase (CAD) which are regulated by these genes increased significantly and lignin content increased substantially. These results indicate that the four lignin synthesis genes screened are pivotal in the process of rachis hardening. 【Conclusion】Gibberellic acid treatment caused significant changes in the morphological structure of grape rachis. F6HNF5, D7SYR4, F6H218 and F6GS10 may be the key genes affecting rachis hardening of 'Honey' grape.

Key words: grapes, gibberellic acid treatment, rachis hardening, transcriptome, differentially expressed genes

Table 1

Primer sequence and target gene fragment size"

Ensemble名称 Ensemble name 基因 Gene 引物序列 Primer sequence (5′-3′) 目的片段大小 Target fragment size (bp)
Vitvi01g00658 D7STR4 F:ATGTTGTTGCACTGGCAGATG
R:CTTTGGATGAAATGACCTTGCCC		 229
Vitvi19g00186 F6H218 F:GCTGAGAACGGGCCTGATAC
R:GAGGAAGACCCGAAGTTGGG		 226
Vitvi13g00622 F6HNF5 F:CTGGATGAGGTGAAGCGGATG
R:GCACCGAAACCTGTGGTCAC		 227
Vitvi17g00898 F6GSI0 F:CGTCTTGCTGCATTGGAGATGATTC
R:GCAGGTTTGAGCCCTTGTCATG		 258
UBQ-1 F:AGTAGATGACTGGATTGGAGGT
R:TGGTGGTATTATTGAGCCATCCTT		 80

Table 2

Phenotypic changes of rachis after gibberellic acid treatment"

样品
Type		 长度
Length (cm)		 粗度
Width (cm)		 硬度
Hardening (N)
对照CK 2.91±0.22b 0.43±0.03b 11.54±0.86b
处理S1 4.23±0.70a 0.62±0.10a 31.60±0.65a

Fig. 1

Paraffin section of grape rachis (cross section) CK: Control group, S1: Treatment group. The same as below. a: Pith; b: Xylem; c: Cambium; d: Phloem; e: Cortex; f: Epidermis. Microscope magnification is 4×"

Fig. 2

Lignin content and related enzyme activity of grape rachis A: Lignin content; B: Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity; C: Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity. Different small letters in the same group meant significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below"

Fig. 3

The correlation coefficient heat map and expression histogram of gene expression level between samples after gibberellic acid treatment A: Heatmap of correlation coefficient of gene expression level between samples; B: Gene expression histogram"

Fig. 4

GO enrichment classification histogram of differentially expressed genes between samples after gibberellic acid treatment"

Fig. 5

KEGG enrichment Top20 histogram of differentially expressed genes between samples after gibberellic acid treatment"

Fig. 6

Phenylalanine metabolism pathway color chart Significantly up-regulated genes are marked as red, the darker the color, the greater the log2(FC); Significantly down-regulated genes were labeled green, and the darker the color, the smaller the log2(FC)"

Fig. 7

The qRT-PCR verification of four key genes in phenylalanine metabolic pathway A: FPKM expression; B: Real-time PCR verification of 4 key genes. *: P≤0.05; **: P≤0.01; ***: P≤0.001"

Table 3

Correlation analysis of rachis hardening"

指标
Indicators		 F6HNF5 D7SYR4 F6H218 F6GS10 苯丙氨酸解氨酶
PAL		 肉桂醇脱氢酶
CAD		 木质素
Lignin		 穗轴硬度
Rhachis hardening
F6HNF5 1
D7SYR4 0.960** 1
F6H218 0.906* 0.773 1
F6GS10 0.981** 0.975** 0.859* 1
苯丙氨酸解氨酶
PAL		 0.975** 0.913* 0.942** 0.973** 1
肉桂醇脱氢酶
CAD		 0.964** 0.874* 0.899* 0.931** 0.942** 1
木质素 Lignin 0.940** 0.941** 0.764 0.899* 0.867* 0.872* 1
穗轴硬度
Rhachis hardening		 0.978** 0.967** 0.831* 0.977** 0.931** 0.953** 0.907* 1
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