盐碱地麦后复种绿肥与氮肥减施对小麦产量、环境足迹及经济效益的协同效应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.20.014

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aimed to investigate the impacts of post-wheat green manure rotation combined with nitrogen reduction on wheat yield, carbon and nitrogen footprints, and environmental-economic benefits in saline-alkali lands. It sought to drive the transition of agriculture in ecologically fragile regions from a "yield-oriented" model toward the coordinated achievement of three-dimensional goals-"resource conservation, environmental friendliness, and rational economic benefits", so as to provide a scientific basis and practical pathway for regional agricultural green transformation and efficient utilization of saline-alkali soils. 【Method】 A split-plot field experiment was conducted at the Yuanziqiao Experimental base of Bayannur Academy of Agricultural and Animal Sciences in the Hetao Irrigation District, Inner Mongolia. Main plots included green manure incorporation methods: green manure root stubble retention only (GMR) and full biomass incorporation (GMRS), while subplots comprised three nitrogen (N) application levels during the spring wheat season: conventional N (200 kg N·hm^-2, N100), 10% N reduction (180 kg N·hm^-2, N90), and 20% N reduction (160 kg N·hm^-2, N80), and a control with post-wheat fallow (CK) was established, totaling seven treatments. 【Result】 Compared with CK, green manure incorporation (GMR and GMRS) under reduced N regimes increased wheat yield by 6.2%-23.5%. The range of carbon and nitrogen footprints of wheat production under green manure rotation was 0.23-0.52 kg CO₂ eq·kg^-1 and 4.53-7.89 g N·kg^-1, respectively. Green manure treatments reduced carbon and nitrogen footprints by 13.0%-54.6% and 27.3%-47.6% relative to CK, respectively. The environmental damage cost under CK (caused by GHG emissions and reactive nitrogen losses) peaked at 5 053 CNY. Under N100, N90, and N80 regimes, GMRS increased damage costs by 5.0%, 7.7%, and 10.6% compared with GMR, respectively. Human health damage accounted for the largest proportion (47.1%-52.1%) of total costs. GMR significantly enhanced net ecosystem economic benefits by 6 742, 5 301, and 8 567 CNY (increases of 24.2%, 20.9%, and 35.9%) over GMRS, respectively, demonstrating superior economic-ecological synergies. 【Conclusion】 The post-wheat green manure system exhibited significant potential for environmentally friendly agriculture in saline-alkali ecosystems. Implementing “green manure incorporation + reduced N management,” particularly root stubble retention (GMR), ensures wheat yield, mitigated GHG and reactive nitrogen losses, increased economic returns, and provided a practical pathway toward sustainable intensification in ecologically vulnerable regions.

Key words: saline-alkali soil, wheat-green manure rotation, nitrogen reduction, wheat yield, carbon and nitrogen footprints, environmental-economic benefits, stubble retention

ZHANG MengXuan, CHANG FangDi, WEI HeYa, LI XiaoHong, WU LinMei, ZHANG HongYuan. Synergistic Effects of Post-Wheat Green Manure Rotation and Nitrogen Reduction in Saline-Alkali Soil on Wheat Yield, Environmental Footprint, and Economic Benefit[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(20): 4216-4230.

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	CK	GMR			GMRS
	CK	N100	N90	N80	N100	N90	N80
SOC (g·kg^-1)	9.5±0.20e	10.6±0.15b	10.7±0.15b	11.2±0.20a	10.1±0.15cd	9.9±0.15d	10.2±0.55c

指标 Items	生态系统 Ecosystems	人体健康 Human health	气候变化 Climate change	参考文献 References
氨挥发 NH₃ volatilization (yuan/kg N)	13.2	24.3	/	[21-22]
氧化亚氮排放 N₂O emission (yuan/kg N)	/	2.1	81.6	[22]
硝态氮淋溶 Nitrate nitrogen leaching (yuan/kg N)	7.9	1.4	/	[19,21,23]
温室气体排放 GHG emission (yuan/ t CO₂ eq)	/	/	83.4	[20]

处理 Treatments	投入成本 Input costs (×10⁴yuan)						产值 Value (×10⁴yuan)		损害成本 Damage cost (×10⁴yuan)	NEEB (×10⁴yuan)
处理 Treatments	小麦种子 Wheat seed	绿肥种子 Green manure seed	氮肥 Nitrogen fertilizer	磷肥Phosphate fertilizer	柴油 Diesel	人工 Labor	小麦 Wheat	绿肥 Green manure	损害成本 Damage cost (×10⁴yuan)	NEEB (×10⁴yuan)
CK	0.19	0.00	0.10	0.11	0.00	0.29	3.63±0.05B	0.00	0.51	2.43±0.06B
GMR+N100	0.19	0.15	0.13	0.16	0.02	0.44	4.48±0.09Aa	0.56	0.48	3.46±0.09Aa
GMR+N90	0.19	0.15	0.11	0.16	0.02	0.44	4.01±0.05Ab	0.56	0.42	3.07±0.05Ab
GMR+N80	0.19	0.15	0.09	0.16	0.02	0.44	4.12±0.15Ab	0.55	0.36	3.25±0.15Aab
GMRS+N100	0.19	0.15	0.13	0.16	0.02	0.44	4.38±0.11Aa	0.00	0.50	2.78±0.11Ba
GMRS+N90	0.19	0.15	0.11	0.16	0.02	0.44	4.07±0.05Ab	0.00	0.46	2.54±0.05Bb
GMRS+N80	0.19	0.15	0.09	0.16	0.02	0.44	3.85±0.05Ac	0.00	0.40	2.39±0.05Bb

研究区域 Study area	系统边界 System boundary	小麦碳足迹 Carbon footprint of wheat (kg CO₂ eq·kg^-1)	参考文献References
中国 China	从农业投入品生产运输到小麦收获运输阶段，包括土壤固碳 From the production and transportation of agricultural inputs to the harvesting and transportation of wheat, including soil carbon sequestration	0.50	[39]
中国 China	从农业投入品生产运输到小麦收获运输阶段，不包括土壤固碳 From the production and transportation of agricultural inputs to the harvesting and transportation of wheat, excluding soil carbon sequestration	0.51	[42]
中国东部 Eastern China	小麦播种到收获运输阶段 From wheat sowing to harvesting and transportation	0.66	[43]
中国 China	小麦播种到收获运输阶段 From wheat sowing to harvesting and transportation	0.45	[38]
全球 Global	/	0.58	[44]
意大利 Italy	从农业投入品生产运输到小麦收获阶段，不包括土壤固碳 From the production and transportation of agricultural inputs to the harvesting of wheat, excluding soil carbon sequestration	0.48	[45]
内蒙古 Inner Mongolia	从农业投入品生产运输到小麦收获运输阶段，包括土壤固碳 From the production and transportation of agricultural inputs to the harvesting and transportation of wheat, including soil carbon sequestration	0.85	[39]
河北 Hebei	从农业投入品生产运输到小麦收获运输阶段，不包括土壤固碳 From the production and transportation of agricultural inputs to the harvesting and transportation of wheat, excluding soil carbon sequestration	0.52	[46]

Synergistic Effects of Post-Wheat Green Manure Rotation and Nitrogen Reduction in Saline-Alkali Soil on Wheat Yield, Environmental Footprint, and Economic Benefit

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