长期不同施肥对潮土磷吸附解吸特性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.14.008

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Through long-term experiments, this study analyzed the effects of fertilization on the phosphorus adsorption-desorption characteristics in fluvo-aquic soils, aiming to reveal how different fertilization practices influence phosphorus availability and provide a theoretical basis for the efficient use of phosphorus. 【Method】Based on the "National Long-term Monitoring Station of Fluvo-aquic Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Effects", the isothermal adsorption-desorption experiments were conducted on soils under seven typical fertilization treatments over a continuous 31-year period. These treatments included: only nitrogen fertilizer (N2), only nitrogen and potassium fertilizers (N2K), low nitrogen fertilizer+phosphorus and potassium fertilizers (N1PK), medium nitrogen fertilizer+phosphorus and potassium fertilizers (N2PK), high nitrogen fertilizer+phosphorus and potassium fertilizers (N4PK), nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers+organic fertilizer (N2PK+M), and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers+maize straw return (N2PK+S). The Langmuir equation was used to analyze the impacts of fertilization on phosphorus adsorption-desorption characteristics, and the Hierarchical Partitioning (HP) Model in redundancy analysis (RDA) was employed to quantify the influence of soil physicochemical properties on key parameters. 【Result】As the external phosphorus amount increased, the amount of phosphorus adsorbed by the soil increased, but the adsorption rate decreased. Soils with only chemical fertilizers had higher phosphorus adsorption rates (Ar) compared with those with combined organic and inorganic fertilizers. Soils without phosphorus fertilization had the highest adsorption affinity constant (Ka), followed by soils with long-term chemical fertilization, and the lowest in soils with organic-inorganic combined fertilization. The maximum phosphorus adsorption capacity (Qm) and maximum buffering capacity (MBC) were the highest under N2PK treatment. In comparison, Qm decreased by 13.7%, 16.0%, 22.8%, and 21.5% under N2PK+M, N2PK+S, N2, and N2K treatments, respectively, with the lowest value observed in the no-phosphorus treatment; MBC decreased by 26.8%, 28.4%, 15.6%, and 11.7% in the same treatments, respectively, with the lowest value found in the organic-inorganic combined fertilization treatment. The degree of phosphorus saturation (DPS) under N2PK+M treatment reached 21.3%, significantly higher than other treatments, followed by the N4PK and N2PK+S treatments. During the phosphorus desorption process, the amount of desorbed phosphorus increased with the increase in solution phosphorus concentration, while the desorption rate decreased. The phosphorus desorption capacity under N2PK+M treatment was significantly higher than that under other treatments, with the highest maximum phosphorus desorption amount (Dm), desorption rate (Dr), and readily desorption phosphorus (RDP). The N2K treatment had the lowest Dm value, while the N1PK treatment had the lowest Dr and RDP values. The results of physicochemical factor ranking based on the HP model show that TP, Olsen-P, ExCa, CaCO₃, and SOM were the top five factors influencing phosphorus adsorption parameters, with contribution rates of 18.0%, 16.0%, 12.6%, 11.4%, and 8.8%, respectively. Olsen-P, TN, ExCa, SOM, and AN are the top five factors influencing phosphorus desorption parameters, with contribution rates of 17.9%, 12.9%, 12.6%, 9.8%, and 9.0%, respectively. 【Conclusion】Long-term application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers increased soil phosphorus adsorption intensity and reduced phosphorus desorption capacity of fluvo-aquic soils, and soils with a lower nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio showed even lower phosphorus desorption capacity. The addition of organic fertilizers could reduce phosphorus adsorption capacity and enhance desorption ability, although excessive application organic fertilizers might lead to phosphorus loss. The combination of chemical fertilizers and straw return could reduce soil phosphorus adsorption capacity, which was an effective measure to enhance phosphorus activity in fluvo-aquic soil. Olsen-P and ExCa were the primary factors determining the phosphorus adsorption-desorption characteristics of fluvo-aquic soil. Additionally, an increase in total phosphorus helped reduce phosphorus adsorption capacity, while an increase in total nitrogen contributed to enhancing phosphorus desorption capacity.

Key words: long-term fertilization, fluvo-aquic soils, phosphorus adsorption and desorption, Hierarchical Partitioning Model

GUO DouDou, ZHANG KeKe, HUANG ShaoMin, SONG Xiao, ZHANG ShuiQing, YUE Ke, DING ShiJie, GUO TengFei. Effects of Long-Term Fertilization on Phosphorus Adsorption and Desorption Characteristics of Fluvo-Aquic Soils[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(14): 2805-2820.

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References 61

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处理 Treatment	化肥 Chemical fertilizer (kg∙hm^-2)			有机肥 Organic fertilizer (kg∙hm^-2)			玉米秸秆 Maize straw (kg∙hm^-2)
处理 Treatment	N	P	K	N	P	K	N	P	K
N2	352.5	0.0	0.0
N2K	352.5	0.0	146.3
N1PK	85.3	77.0	146.3
N2PK	352.5	77.0	146.3
N4PK	388.5	103.0	195.8	111.8	68.8	84.2
N2PK+M	274.3	77.0	146.3	115.5	68.2	88.3
N2PK+S	274.3	77.0	146.3				77.1	10.9	166.1

处理 Treatment	有机质 Organic matter (g∙kg^-1)	速效磷 Olsen- P (mg∙kg^-1)	全磷 Total P (g∙kg^-1)	pH	碳酸钙 CaCO₃ (g∙kg^-1)	交换性钙 Exchangeable calcium (g∙kg^-1)	黏粒含量 Clay (%)	全氮 Total N (g∙kg^-1)	碱解氮 Alkaline nitrogen (mg∙kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg∙kg^-1)	全钾 Total K (g∙kg^-1)
N2	13.5bc	2.5e	0.57e	8.29a	66.8ab	1.79d	18.94a	0.72e	69.3d	70.5f	16.1a
N2K	11.3d	2.9e	0.60e	8.30a	70.3a	1.83d	17.69ab	0.84de	82.3bc	165.3b	16.6a
N1PK	12.4cd	30.6c	1.07c	8.27ab	71.4a	1.88d	15.74b	0.89d	75.5cd	120.1d	16.5a
N2PK	14.9b	22.5d	0.99d	8.22bc	71.6a	2.10c	18.74a	0.93cd	71.1cd	99.7e	16.3a
N4PK	20.2a	38.1b	1.43a	8.17cd	59.5c	2.59c	17.41ab	1.20b	92.8ab	109.4de	16.5a
N2PK+M	21.4a	68.8a	1.31b	8.15cd	59.1c	3.29b	18.65a	1.35a	99.6a	181.3a	16.5a
N2PK+S	20.6a	27.7c	1.05c	8.14d	61.5bc	3.41a	17.85a	1.06c	92.4ab	149.4c	16.6a

处理 Treatment	Langmuir方程 Langmuir adsorption equation	R²	吸附亲和力常数 Adsorption affinity constant (Ka)	最大吸磷量 Maximum P adsorption capacity, Qm (mg∙kg^-1)	最大缓冲容量 Maximum buffer capacity, MBC (mg∙kg^-1)	磷素吸附饱和度 Degree of P saturation, DPS (%)
N2	C/Q = 0.00505 C+0.0329	0.976	0.153a	198.0cd	30.4c	0.66e
N2K	C/Q = 0.00513 C+0.0315	0.982	0.163a	194.8d	31.8bc	0.21e
N1PK	C/Q = 0.00415 C+0.0296	0.954	0.140ab	240.9ab	33.8ab	6.64d
N2PK	C/Q = 0.00396 C+0.0278	0.963	0.143ab	252.3a	36.0a	6.42d
N4PK	C/Q = 0.00422 C+0.0307	0.973	0.137ab	237.2ab	32.5bc	9.53b
N2PK+M	C/Q = 0.00549 C+0.0380	0.978	0.121b	217.6bc	26.3d	21.23a
N2PK+S	C/Q = 0.00472 C+0.0388	0.939	0.122b	211.9cd	25.8d	7.79c

处理 Treatment	Langmuir方程 Langmuir adsorption equation	R²	磷解吸常数 P desorption constant, Kd	最大解吸磷量 Maximum P desorption amount, Dm (mg∙kg^-1)	平均解吸率 Average of P desorption rate, Dr (%)	易解吸磷量 Readily desorption P, RDP (mg∙kg^-1)
N2	C/D = 0.03056 C+0.2375	0.978	0.129d	30.6bc	15.5c	5.6bc
N2K	C/D = 0.03411 C+0.1412	0.910	0.242bc	29.3c	15.6c	4.3c
N1PK	C/D = 0.02891 C+0.292	0.881	0.126d	34.7ab	14.7d	3.0c
N2PK	C/D = 0.03212 C+0.0624	0.931	0.515a	31.1bc	18.9b	5.4bc
N4PK	C/D = 0.02902 C+0.0971	0.823	0.299b	34.5ab	20.3b	5.9bc
N2PK+M	C/D = 0.02708 C+0.0475	0.874	0.570a	37.4a	30.3a	8.3a
N2PK+S	C/D = 0.03059 C+0.1621	0.866	0.189cd	33.2abc	19.6b	7.4a

变量 Variable	磷吸附 P adsorption					磷解吸 P desorption
变量 Variable	单独解释 Unique	平均共同解释 Average shared	单个贡献 Individual importance	单个贡献率 Percentage of individual importance (%)	P值 P value	单独解释 Unique	平均共同解释 Average shared	单个贡献 Individual importance	单个贡献率 Percentage of individual importance (%)	P值 P value
SOM	0.027	0.051	0.078	8.84	0.181	0.006	0.072	0.0787	9.84	0.140
AN	0.008	0.052	0.060	6.74	0.326	0.063	0.009	0.0720	9.00	0.211
Olsen-P	0.042	0.099	0.141	15.95	0.014	0.091	0.053	0.1435	17.94	0.017
AK	0.003	0.053	0.056	6.38	0.319	0.027	0.017	0.0444	5.55	0.473
TN	0.004	0.073	0.077	8.69	0.351	0.036	0.068	0.1034	12.92	0.065
TP	0.070	0.089	0.159	18.03	0.012	0.023	0.043	0.0661	8.26	0.253
TK	0.038	-0.014	0.025	2.79	0.718	0.018	-0.002	0.0157	1.96	0.927
pH	0.024	0.032	0.056	6.33	0.381	0.018	0.051	0.0691	8.64	0.211
Clay	0.016	0.004	0.020	2.28	0.808	0.077	-0.005	0.0713	8.91	0.217
CaCO₃	0.081	0.020	0.101	11.42	0.102	0.017	0.018	0.0351	4.39	0.608
ExCa	0.061	0.050	0.111	12.57	0.829	0.047	0.054	0.1010	12.63	0.072
Total	0.374	0.509	0.883	100.0		0.424	0.377	0.800	100.0

Effects of Long-Term Fertilization on Phosphorus Adsorption and Desorption Characteristics of Fluvo-Aquic Soils

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