热区葡萄高光效育种研究与实践

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.10.011

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Grapes (Vitis vinifera) hold significant economic importance in hot climate regions. However, high temperatures pose severe challenges to their photosynthetic efficiency, as well as to fruit yield and quality. At the same time, these extreme conditions provide unique natural selection pressures conducive to breeding grape varieties with both high photosynthetic efficiency and heat tolerance. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of high temperatures in hot regions on grape photosynthetic efficiency, assess the feasibility of breeding for high photosynthetic efficiency under such conditions, and employ photosynthetic parameters for the early selection of hybrid progenies exhibiting high efficiency, heat tolerance, and superior fruit quality. The findings are intended to offer scientific foundations and practical support for high-efficiency grape breeding in hot climates. 【Method】 A total of 187 germplasm resources, including Shine Muscat, and 683 progenies from five hybrid crosses were used as experimental materials. We measured the net photosynthetic rate (P_n), stomatal conductance (G_s), heat tolerance indicators (F_v/F_m, PI_abs, ET_o/CS_m and W_K), and soluble solid content (Brix) of the fruits. These data were analyzed to determine the distribution characteristics of photosynthetic efficiency and to evaluate the heat tolerance of the hybrid progenies. Based on these evaluations, we identified elite lines with both high photosynthetic efficiency and heat tolerance. 【Result】 High temperatures significantly inhibited grape photosynthetic efficiency, with the net photosynthetic rate decreasing by up to 30.28% at 40 ℃. However, compared to the first crops of summer fruit leaves formed in a milder environment, the second crops of winter fruit leaves, developed under high-temperature conditions, exhibited higher photosynthetic efficiency and stability, indicating that high-temperature climates in hot regions provide a unique environment for uncovering high-efficiency potential. The net photosynthetic rate and other photosynthetic efficiency indicators in the hybrid progeny population followed a normal distribution, suggesting that photosynthetic efficiency in grapes can be enhanced through generational selection in high-efficiency breeding. Five excellent hybrid lines with high photosynthetic efficiency were selected, among which the line 21A-7-297 had a net photosynthetic rate of 24.88 µmol·m^-2·s^-1, 26.42% higher than the parent Shine Muscat and a fruit Brix of 22.03, 15.34% higher. Heat tolerance analysis showed that 21A-7-297 and 21A-7-145 maintained maximum photochemical efficiency (F_v/F_m) values of 0.61 and 0.62 under 47 ℃ heat stress, significantly higher than the parent Ruiduhongyu (0.44), demonstrating better heat adaptation. 【Conclusion】 This study revealed the impact of high temperatures in hot regions on grape photosynthetic efficiency and used photosynthetic and heat tolerance parameters for early screening. Hybrid lines with high photosynthetic efficiency, heat tolerance, and good fruit quality were rapidly obtained from the hybrid progeny populations, demonstrating the feasibility and effectiveness of high-efficiency breeding for grapes in hot regions. Future work can further optimize high-efficiency breeding strategies based on an in-depth understanding of the underlying mechanisms of high photosynthetic efficiency.

Key words: grapes in hot climate region, high-temperature stress, photosynthetic efficiency, high photosynthetic efficiency breeding, heat tolerance

CAO XiongJun, WANG Bo, HAN JiaYu, LIAO YongFeng, XIE ShuYu, BAI Yang, HUANG XiaoYun, LU Li, HUANG QiuMi, JIANG ChunFen, PAN FengPing, BAI XianJin. Research and Practice on High Photosynthetic Efficiency Breeding of Grapes in Hot Climate Regions[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(10): 1994-2007.

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序号 No.	亲本组合 Parent combination	杂交后代数量（株） Number of hybrid offspring (plants)	杂交后代编号 Hybrid offspring code
1	阳光玫瑰×瑞都红玉 Shine Muscat×Ruiduhongyu	158	21A-7-n
2	阳光玫瑰×克瑞森 Shine Muscat×Crimson seedless	268	21A-3-n
3	阳光玫瑰×玉波2号 Shine Muscat×Yubo2	81	21A-5-n
4	阳光玫瑰×优系T Shine Muscat× Elite plant T	109	21A-1-n
5	瑞都红玉×克瑞森 Ruiduhongyu×Crimson seedless	67	21A-87-n

品种 Variety	生产季节 Growing season	P_nmax(µmol·m^-2·s^-1)	T_opt (℃)	T_P_n₉₀ (℃)	Δ_{35 ℃}(%)	Δ_{40 ℃}(%)
阳光玫瑰 Shine Muscat	夏果 Summer fruit	19.24±1.21b	26.11±0.48c	16.06-36.24	7.50±0.83b	18.84±0.78b
阳光玫瑰 Shine Muscat	冬果 Winter fruit	26.20±0.95a	27.81±0.51b	20.58-37.54	5.90±0.53c	14.84±1.68b
巨峰 Kyoho	夏果 Summer fruit	12.94±2.25c	27.97±0.68b	20.38-35.10	9.68±0.47a	30.28±4.11a
巨峰 Kyoho	冬果 Winter fruit	19.85±1.86b	29.78±1.15a	19.94-37.76	3.99±1.26d	17.53±2.20b

Research and Practice on High Photosynthetic Efficiency Breeding of Grapes in Hot Climate Regions

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