Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (10): 1982-1993.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.10.010

• SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

“Green Manure Plus” Industry Mechanism and Its Practices

GAO SongJuan1(), WU CuiXia2(), ZHOU GuoPeng3, CHANG DanNa4, CAO WeiDong4()   

  1. 1 College of Resources and Environment, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095
    2 Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
    3 College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036
    4 Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China, Beijing 100081
  • Received:2024-08-19 Accepted:2024-12-16 Online:2025-05-16 Published:2025-05-21
  • Contact: CAO WeiDong

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Abstract:

Green manuring is primarily used to support the production of main crops and to improve the farmlands’ ecology, thus lacks its own product unit. Studies have proved that it is an effective pathway to produce high-quality products. How to introduce such products into the market and serve more population is a challenge of the green manure industry. Over one decade of exploration and accumulation, we proposed the "Green Manure Plus" industry mechanism in 2018, and have continuously carried out scientific research and industrial practice around the new mechanism. The "Green Manure Plus" industry mechanism is the whole process based on the green manure production system, including using green manure technology to produce high-quality and healthy agricultural products for promoting the marketization of these products; the relevant products are called "Green Manure Plus" ones. The "Green Manure Plus" industry mechanism mainly includes developing the technology modes, building the production bases, materializing the products, and constructing the market systems. The "Green Manure Plus" products can be well done because green manuring can provide large amounts of clean and organic fertilizer sources, improve the soil quality effectively, and help the main crops achieve high productivity and quality with less fertilization. These characteristics of green manure form the theoretical basis for the development of “Green Manure Plus” products. The innovative mechanism has greatly expanded the green manure industry path, converting the disadvantage of unclear industry form into the advantage of the "Green Manure Plus" platform, which no longer being constrained by the product unit of green manure itself, and can play roles in different regions and agricultural systems. Over six years of development and practice, the diversified "Green Manure Plus" modes were constructed, including "Green Manure Plus" organic/clean rice, high-quality fruits, flour, tea, and vegetables, etc., providing the green manure’s path for the comprehensive rural revitalization for the new era. In future, the main goals of the "Green Manure Plus" industry are to strengthen the research and development of "Green Manure Plus" industry technology and product creation, to accelerate the construction of branding, marketization, and standardization, and to promote continuously the transformation of green mountains and lucid waters into invaluable assets by green manure’s practice.

Key words: "Green Manure Plus" industry mechanism, "Green Manure Plus" products, theoretical basis, technology model

Fig. 1

Diagram of "Green Manure Plus" industry mechanism"

Fig. 2

Concentration of rice grain total amino acid and essential amino acid under green-rice rotation Ctrl represents winter fallow without N fertilizer in rice growth stage, F100 represents winter fallow with conventional N fertilizer in rice growth stage. MF100, MF60, and MF0 represent green manure combined with 100%, 60%, and 0 of conventional N fertilizer in rice growth stage, respectively. Different letters represent significant differences between treatments (P<0.05). Experiments located in Henan, Anhui, Jiangxi, and Hunan, total 4 sites, n=135"

Table 1

The content of rice grain nutrient element under green manuring"

处理
Treatment		 钙含量
Ca content (mg·kg-1)		 镁含量
Mg content (g·kg-1)		 铁含量
Fe content (mg·kg-1)		 锌含量
Zn content (mg·kg-1)		 硒含量
Se content (μg·kg-1)
F100 137.3b 1.56a 29.8a 31.9b 35.7b
RS+F60 135.2b 1.58a 25.6a 34.3b 37.5b
GM+F60 146.8ab 1.65a 27.8a 34.1b 32.4b
RS+GM+F60 166.5a 1.58a 33.8a 40.8a 49.2a

Fig. 3

The grain quality of wheat under green manuring GM represents plant green manure after wheat harvest, and AF represents autumn fallow. ** represents significant difference between treatments (P<0.01)"

Fig. 4

The quality of potato under intercropping with green manure ICP represents potato intercropping with green manure, and MP represents potato monoculture. ** represents significant difference between treatments (P<0.01)"

Fig. 5

The fresh biomass and the pure nutrient accumulation of N, P, and K of the main green manure MV, HV, CM, and FO represent milk vetch, hairy vetch, common vetch, and February orchid, respectively. Different letters represent significant difference between treatments (P<0.05)"

Fig. 6

The rice grain yield and N fertilizer use efficiency in green manure-rice rotation system with reduced chemical fertilizer MF100, MF80, MF60, MF40, and MF0 represent green manure combined with 100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, and 0 of conventional N fertilizer in rice growth stage, respectively; Ctrl represents winter fallow without N fertilizer in rice growth stage; F100 represents winter fallow with conventional N fertilizer in rice growth stage. The vertical coordinate of the left graph represent the increase rate of rice yield of each treatments compared with F100. Different capital letters represent significant difference between treatments (P<0.01)"

Fig. 7

Field scenes of green manure orchards Upper left: Large-scale demonstration site in Sichuan Province; Upper right: Citrus orchard with smooth vetch in Chongqing; Lower left: Pear orchard with February orchid in Shanxi Province; Lower right: Apple orchard with hairy vetch, the straw of hairy vetch mulched in summer in Hebei Province"

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