不同抗旱性春小麦根系生长对干旱胁迫的响应及滴灌复水补偿效应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.24.003

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study is to investigate the differences in morphological and physiological responses of root growth of drip irrigated spring wheat with different drought sensitivity to stage drought stress, to further elaborate the physiological mechanisms of drought resistance and water conservation in drip irrigated spring wheat in Xinjiang, and to provide a theoretical basis for further water-saving and high-yield in Xinjiang wheat region. 【Method】 From 2021-2022, the strong drought resistance variety Xinchun 6 and the weak drought resistance variety Xinchun 22 were used as the test materials by using the soil column cultivation method. Mild (T1 and T3, 60%-65% FC, FC is the field capacity) and moderate (T2 and T4, 45%-50% FC) drought stress treatments were conducted during the tillering and jointing stages, with conventional irrigation as the control (CK, 75%-80% FC), the effects of pre-reproductive drought stress on root morphological characteristics (root length density (RLD), root volume density (RVD)), antioxidant system (malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD)), osmoregulation substance (proline (Pro), soluble sugars (SS)) and spatial and temporal characteristics of root activity were studied. The compensatory effect of drip irrigated spring wheat root growth on drought-rehydration was analyzed.【Result】RLD and RVD showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing with increasing drought stress, and under mild drought (T1 and T3) conditions, RLD and RVD in the 20-60 cm soil layer were significantly increased. The MDA content in the root of each soil layer showed an upward trend with the intensification of stress, while SOD, POD, Pro, and SS all increased first and then decreased with the intensification of drought, and gradually increased with the deepening of the soil layer. After rehydration of T1 treatment, root morphological characteristics, antioxidant enzyme activity, osmotic substances and root activity all reached the maximum value, which in turn increased the yield by 2.77% to 19.58% compared to the rest of the treatments. Stepwise regression analysis showed that RVD and SS were important determinants of yield, RLD, SOD and SS were the most significant indicators of Xinchun 6 drought resistance; RLD, MDA and POD were the most significant indicators of Xinchun 22 drought resistance.【Conclusion】Spring wheat maintains 60%-65% FC during the tillering and jointing stages, after drip irrigation and rehydration, it increases the distribution proportion of roots in the 20-60 cm soil layer, enhances the root system’s ability to remove reactive oxygen species and osmotic adjustment, delays root senescence and improves root physiological characteristics, thus increasing yield.

Key words: spring wheat, drought stress, tillering and jointing stages, root growth, compensation effect

WANG RongRong, CHEN TianPeng, YIN HaoJie, JIANG GuiYing. Response and Drip Irrigation Re-Watering Compensation Effect of Spring Wheat Roots to Drought Stress with Different Drought Tolerance Varieties[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(24): 4826-4841.

Figures/Tables 14

Table 1

Fig. 1

Table 2

Fig. 2

Table 3

Effect of drought stress on root morphological characteristics of spring wheat varieties with different drought resistance"

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	土壤土层 Soil depth (cm)	根长密度 Root length density (RLD) (cm·cm^-3)			根体积密度 Root volume density (RVD) (cm³·cm^-3)
品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	土壤土层 Soil depth (cm)	分蘖期 Tillering stage	拔节期 Jointing stage	开花期 Flowering stage	分蘖期 Tillering stage	拔节期 Jointing stage	开花期 Flowering stage
新春6号 Xinchun 6	CK	0-20	0.67±0.01a	1.96±0.06a	2.80±0.01a	0.26±0.05a	0.38±0.01a	0.65±0.01a
		20-40	0.21±0.02c	1.09±0.08e	1.86±0.04e	0.14±0.04c	0.23±0.01d	0.47±0.01c
		40-60	-	0.58±0.07e	1.42±0.05e	-	0.12±0.02e	0.30±0.01c
	T1	0-20	0.61±0.02b	1.82±0.06b	2.65±0.09b	0.24±0.03b	0.33±0.04b	0.61±0.01b
		20-40	0.28±0.08a	1.70±0.03a	2.47±0.08a	0.17±0.01a	0.30±0.02a	0.54±0.02a
		40-60	-	1.14±0.07a	1.80±0.01a	-	0.19±0.02a	0.34±0.01a
	T2	0-20	0.52±0.03c	1.60±0.02d	2.39±0.03d	0.21±0.01c	0.29±0.01d	0.56±0.01c
		20-40	0.26±0.05b	1.43±0.04c	2.22±0.06c	0.15±0.05b	0.29±0.01d	0.52±0.02ab
		40-60	-	0.82±0.04c	1.58±0.04c	-	0.27±0.01b	0.33±0.02ab
	T3	0-20	-	1.64±0.04c	2.55±0.05c	-	0.31±0.01c	0.59±0.01b
		20-40	-	1.57±0.05b	2.34±0.05b	-	0.28±0.04b	0.53±0.01a
		40-60	-	1.04±0.10b	1.71±0.02b	-	0.17±0.03b	0.33±0.02ab
	T4	0-20	-	1.53±0.07e	2.27±0.02e	-	0.28±0.04e	0.54±0.01c
		20-40	-	1.33±0.04d	2.03±0.01d	-	0.25±0.01c	0.50±0.01b
		40-60	-	0.60±0.05d	1.52±0.01d	-	0.14±0.04d	0.31±0.02bc
新春22号 Xinchun 22	CK	0-20	0.55±0.01a	1.65±0.09a	2.50±0.08a	0.24±0.02a	0.32±0.01a	0.57±0.01a
		20-40	0.17±0.03c	1.03±0.01e	1.71±0.06e	0.11±0.01c	0.21±0.01c	0.42±0.01b
		40-60	-	0.52±0.06e	1.11±0.02e	-	0.12±0.01d	0.27±0.01b
	T1	0-20	0.49±0.01b	1.46±0.07b	2.42±0.07b	0.21±0.01b	0.30±0.01b	0.56±0.02ab
		20-40	0.22±0.05a	1.43±0.04a	2.29±0.05a	0.14±0.01a	0.28±0.01a	0.47±0.02a
		40-60	-	1.09±0.03a	1.35±0.02a	-	0.17±0.01a	0.32±0.01a
	T2	0-20	0.45±0.05c	1.22±0.07d	2.13±0.08d	0.18±0.01c	0.26±0.05cd	0.51±0.01c
		20-40	0.20±0.03b	1.15±0.08c	1.92±0.06c	0.13±0.02b	0.22±0.03b	0.42±0.01b
		40-60	-	0.75±0.03c	1.21±0.03c	-	0.15±0.03b	0.31±0.01a
	T3	0-20	-	1.35±0.02c	2.29±0.08c	-	0.26±0.01c	0.54±0.01b
		20-40	-	1.32±0.10b	2.04±0.09b	-	0.23±0.01b	0.47±0.01a
		40-60	-	0.94±0.09b	1.26±0.06b	-	0.15±0.04b	0.31±0.01a
	T4	0-20	-	1.17±0.05e	1.98±0.08e	-	0.25±0.01d	0.49±0.01d
		20-40	-	1.13±0.07d	1.74±0.04d	-	0.21±0.03c	0.43±0.01b
		40-60	-	0.54±0.03d	1.14±0.04d	-	0.13±0.01c	0.29±0.01b
品种Variety (V)			**	**	**	**	**	**
处理Treatment (T)			**	**	**	**	**	**
V×T			**	**	**	**	ns	ns

Table 3

Fig. 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

Fig. 4

Table 8

Table 9

Table 10

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	ZHANG R, FENG X H, WU Y J, SUN Q, LI J, LI J S, LIU X J. Interactive effects of drought and salt stresses on the growth and physiological characteristics of Thinopyrum ponticum. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2022, 30(11): 1795-1806. (in Chinese)
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年份 Year	全氮 Total N (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Available N (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available P (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)	有机质 Organic (g·kg^-1)	pH
2021	1.37	58.71	16.96	139.02	17.84	7.6
2022	1.35	61.30	16.07	143.66	18.31	7.7

处理 Treatment	分蘖期 Tillering stage	拔节期 Jointing stage
T1	60%—65% FC	75%—80% FC
T2	45%—50% FC	75%—80% FC
T3	75%—80% FC	60%—65% FC
T4	75%—80% FC	45%—50% FC
CK	75%—80% FC	75%—80% FC

处理 Treatment	土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	分蘖期Tillering stage		拔节期Jointing stage		开花期Flowering stage
处理 Treatment	土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	Xinchun 6	Xinchun 22	Xinchun 6	Xinchun 22	Xinchun 6	Xinchun 22
CK	0-20	13.85±1.06b	12.06±1.06b	19.44±1.02c	19.11±1.01bc	30.88±1.76b	28.47±1.92bc
	20-40	18.14±0.83b	16.10±0.49b	23.56±1.23c	23.77±1.53b	34.47±0.49c	30.58±2.22bc
	40-60	-	-	26.91±1.20c	26.75±1.19b	38.92±0.68c	32.75±0.82c
T1	0-20	17.37±0.93a	15.43±1.24a	22.62±0.99b	21.77±1.14ab	35.96±1.46a	36.00±2.91a
	20-40	21.65±0.97a	21.01±0.30a	27.09±1.26ab	27.85±1.87a	39.41±2.80a	37.55±2.60a
	40-60	-	-	30.36±1.13ab	30.58±2.20a	43.78±0.76a	40.64±2.59a
T2	0-20	15.21±1.16b	10.07±1.13b	20.57±1.01c	17.38±1.81c	33.81±1.58ab	27.59±2.45bc
	20-40	19.18±1.12b	13.81±2.28b	24.74±1.32c	21.18±0.49c	36.79±1.09abc	29.65±2.56bc
	40-60	-	-	28.07±1.13bc	23.25±1.42c	41.50±1.42b	32.30±1.75c
T3	0-20	-	-	24.60±1.12a	22.75±1.40a	35.46±1.80a	32.07±2.47ab
	20-40	-	-	28.87±0.56a	28.42±0.47a	38.77±0.71ab	33.72±2.49ab
	40-60	-	-	32.31±1.40a	31.57±2.19a	43.45±1.05a	36.88±2.10b
T4	0-20	-	-	21.31±1.07bc	18.58±1.84c	32.79±1.68ab	26.38±2.34c
	20-40	-	-	25.76±1.45bc	22.36±0.44bc	36.32±0.92bc	28.55±2.41c
	40-60	-	-	29.03±1.45bc	26.24±1.61bc	40.86±1.07b	31.28±2.17c
品种Variety (V)		**		*		**
处理Treatment (T)		**		**		**
V×T		**		*		*

处理 Treatment	土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	分蘖期Tillering stage		拔节期Jointing stage		开花期Flowering stage
处理 Treatment	土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	Xinchun 6	Xinchun 22	Xinchun 6	Xinchun 22	Xinchun 6	Xinchun 22
CK	0-20	39.52±2.41c	35.53±0.96b	72.88±3.55e	69.28±3.79c	186.59±7.62d	181.34±5.25bc
	20-40	47.83±2.47b	44.59±1.55b	81.56±4.31d	78.38±3.20c	216.54±12.35c	193.76±6.43b
	40-60	-	-	86.83±3.67d	85.67±3.37c	225.25±8.86c	213.73±7.18b
T1	0-20	74.23±2.45a	57.20±1.22a	107.71±4.72b	87.36±4.75b	243.97±9.46a	219.32±10.56a
	20-40	78.21±3.42a	61.51±1.56a	111.37±4.73b	91.17±3.23b	263.93±8.83a	227.55±9.98a
	40-60	-	-	119.05±5.81b	98.70±5.56b	270.08±8.49a	246.92±10.01a
T2	0-20	47.41±1.90b	31.94±0.51c	82.83±4.24d	60.65±3.61d	207.63±7.77c	176.99±6.19bc
	20-40	51.99±1.99b	40.63±1.87c	85.64±4.35d	65.07±2.77d	231.64±8.32bc	190.59±6.30bc
	40-60	-	-	90.49±4.63d	70.15±2.58d	238.32±9.26c	210.14±7.77b
T3	0-20	-	-	121.16±4.82a	100.64±4.81a	225.87±8.13b	191.86±10.43b
	20-40	-	-	129.17±6.29a	108.82±5.19a	246.01±9.58b	202.61±9.89b
	40-60	-	-	135.90±5.43a	113.75±3.83a	252.99±6.76b	224.20±10.04b
T4	0-20	-	-	94.60±4.52c	62.56±2.84cd	196.06±7.09cd	167.18±7.10c
	20-40	-	-	99.65±3.77c	71.22±3.59d	222.49±8.60c	177.99±6.34c
	40-60	-	-	104.86±5.27c	76.35±2.99d	228.76±6.42c	193.87±2.32c
品种Variety (V)		**		**		**
处理Treatment (T)		**		**		**
V×T		**		**		ns

处理 Treatment	土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	分蘖期Tillering stage		拔节期Jointing stage		开花期Flowering stage
处理 Treatment	土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	Xinchun 6	Xinchun 22	Xinchun 6	Xinchun 22	Xinchun 6	Xinchun 22
CK	0-20	45.22±1.65c	43.28±2.13b	104.98±1.06e	96.51±0.22c	188.77±3.32d	184.07±5.43c
	20-40	46.70±2.32c	44.44±1.62b	110.19±3.37e	98.82±1.84c	194.66±5.03d	187.82±5.10b
	40-60	-	-	114.53±1.10d	102.43±1.82c	198.94±6.44d	190.09±5.87b
T1	0-20	73.24±1.91a	61.88±1.71a	161.98±2.31b	148.29±1.00b	253.04±2.98a	232.88±3.49a
	20-40	76.20±1.46a	64.90±1.62a	168.65±1.73b	153.18±3.79b	258.01±12.53a	235.90±6.01a
	40-60	-	-	174.53±1.13a	153.85±1.29b	262.84±4.73a	236.84±1.50a
T2	0-20	65.48±1.01b	41.06±0.86b	133.31±0.78d	88.96±3.19d	231.09±9.32b	171.03±1.31d
	20-40	68.50±1.54b	43.41±2.30b	135.69±2.66d	89.70±2.42d	235.69±8.49b	175.99±4.68c
	40-60	-	-	138.99±2.10c	92.58±3.28d	238.68±7.78b	178.87±5.14c
T3	0-20	-	-	173.37±2.13a	157.17±1.08a	246.34±3.19a	226.36±1.89b
	20-40	-	-	176.62±3.63a	159.17±2.73a	252.69±5.95a	230.88±3.02a
	40-60	-	-	177.74±2.57a	162.44±1.38a	257.28±7.36a	235.68±5.31a
T4	0-20	-	-	149.60±1.86c	90.50±1.15d	205.79±2.89c	169.18±2.47d
	20-40	-	-	151.19±4.34c	91.66±1.07d	212.51±2.66c	173.80±3.83c
	40-60	-	-	154.26±3.32b	95.72±2.19d	216.18±1.62c	176.35±5.20c
品种Variety (V)		**		**		**
处理Treatment (T)		**		**		**
V×T		**		**		**

Response and Drip Irrigation Re-Watering Compensation Effect of Spring Wheat Roots to Drought Stress with Different Drought Tolerance Varieties

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胁迫程度The degree of stress	品种Variety	最优线性回归方程The best multiple linear regression equation (Y’=)
轻度胁迫 Mild drought stress	新春6号Xinchun 6	13.755-1.048X₅+0.428X₇ (R²=0.823, F=20.921**)
轻度胁迫 Mild drought stress	新春22号Xinchun 22	42.261-1.867X₁-1.195X₆+0.193X₈ (R²=0.993, F=381.527**)
中度胁迫 Moderate drought stress	新春6号Xinchun 6	17.483-0.614X₁-0.397X₄ (R²=0.881, F=33.161**)
中度胁迫 Moderate drought stress	新春22号Xinchun 22	51.975-2.022X₁-1.445X₆ (R²=0.866, F=29.172**)

年份Year	品种Variety	处理Treatment	RA	Pro	SS	SOD	POD
2021	新春6号 Xinchun 6	T1	0.08	0.66	0.16	0.14	0.42
		T2	0.02	0.33	0.04	0.05	0.09
		T3	0.13	0.32	0.19	0.12	0.16
		T4	0.07	0.09	0.04	0.05	0.03
	新春22号 Xinchun 22	T1	0.01	0.54	0.06	0.15	0.18
		T2	-0.10	-0.08	-0.08	-0.07	-0.18
		T3	0.08	0.17	0.19	0.11	0.02
		T4	-0.05	-0.07	-0.11	-0.06	-0.14
2022	新春6号 Xinchun 6	T1	0.05	0.67	0.17	0.15	0.42
		T2	0.03	0.37	0.03	0.05	0.09
		T3	0.13	0.28	0.20	0.14	0.16
		T4	0.03	0.09	0.04	0.06	0.03
	新春22号 Xinchun 22	T1	0.02	0.52	0.07	0.18	0.18
		T2	-0.08	-0.09	-0.30	-0.11	-0.18
		T3	0.02	0.30	0.19	0.12	0.02
		T4	-0.08	-0.08	-0.12	-0.07	-0.14

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处理 Treatment	土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	分蘖期Tillering stage		拔节期Jointing stage		开花期Flowering stage
处理 Treatment	土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	Xinchun 6	Xinchun 22	Xinchun 6	Xinchun 22	Xinchun 6	Xinchun 22
CK	0-20	1.70±0.10c	1.62±0.05b	2.44±0.09c	2.38±0.09bc	3.54±0.14d	3.49±0.18b
	20-40	1.82±0.02b	1.70±0.03b	2.52±0.16c	2.47±0.18bc	3.76±0.21d	3.54±0.15b
	40-60	-	-	2.67±0.10c	2.64±0.22bc	4.06±0.21d	3.66±0.12b
T1	0-20	2.10±0.08a	1.81±0.13a	2.82±0.06b	2.59±0.18b	4.55±0.20a	4.15±0.18a
	20-40	2.25±0.15a	2.05±0.15a	2.95±0.12ab	2.66±0.14b	5.00±0.18a	4.29±0.22a
	40-60	-	-	3.11±0.10b	2.73±0.11b	5.30±0.14a	4.53±0.21a
T2	0-20	1.93±0.05b	1.48±0.02b	2.47±0.09c	1.96±0.16d	3.99±0.21bc	3.14±0.09c
	20-40	2.07±0.16a	1.56±0.14b	2.66±0.08bc	2.04±0.14d	4.30±0.17c	3.33±0.20bc
	40-60	-	-	2.75±0.10c	2.10±0.15d	4.38±0.12c	3.46±0.15bc
T3	0-20	-	-	2.98±0.10a	2.85±0.11a	4.19±0.20b	4.02±0.10a
	20-40	-	-	3.13±0.26a	2.99±0.13a	4.63±0.17b	4.27±0.23a
	40-60	-	-	3.39±0.17a	3.18±0.14a	4.74±0.11b	4.43±0.15a
T4	0-20	-	-	2.67±0.06b	2.24±0.05c	3.70±0.16cd	3.05±0.06c
	20-40	-	-	2.73±0.14bc	2.30±0.09c	3.89±0.15d	3.14±0.14c
	40-60	-	-	2.81±0.09c	2.38±0.12c	4.20±0.10cd	3.25±0.16c
品种Variety (V)		**		**		**
处理Treatment (T)		**		**		**
V×T		**		**		**

年份 Year	品种 Variety	产量Yield (g/plot)
年份 Year	品种 Variety	CK	T1	T2	T3	T4
2021	新春6号 Xinchun 6	33.47±0.64c	38.80±0.79a	35.86±0.95b	37.87±0.83a	33.85±1.35c
2021	新春22号 Xinchun 22	32.09±1.02b	35.76±0.48a	31.07±0.96bc	34.39±0.93a	29.85±0.60c
2022	新春6号 Xinchun 6	32.61±0.52c	38.03±0.84a	34.81±1.27b	36.89±0.43a	33.01±1.13c
2022	新春22号 Xinchun 22	30.73±1.53b	34.34±0.73a	29.40±0.87bc	32.99±0.56a	28.77±0.78c
F value	品种Variety (V): **		处理Treatment (T): **		V×T: **