绿洲灌区宽幅匀播和传统条播春小麦产量对水氮减量的适应性研究

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.13.003

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Water shortage and high fertilizer input have become the dominant factors restraining spring wheat production in arid oasis irrigated areas. It is urgent to study the technology of the effects of water and nitrogen reduction in different planting modes on dry matter accumulation and yield formation of spring wheat, so as to provide a theoretical and practical basis for efficient production of spring wheat with water and fertilizer saving. 【Method】A field experiment with split-split plot was conducted at arid oasis irrigated areas from 2020 to 2021. Two planting modes, including wide-width uniform sowing (W) and conventional strip sowing (C), were designed, with two irrigation levels on local conventional irrigation (I2, 2 400 m³·hm^-2) and local conventional irrigation reduced by 20% (I1, 1 920 m³·hm^-2), and three levels of nitrogen fertilizer at a local conventional nitrogen (N3, 225 kg·hm^-2), local conventional nitrogen reduced by 20% (N2, 180 kg·hm^-2), and local conventional nitrogen reduced by 40% (N1, 135 kg·hm^-2). The adaptability of spring wheat yield to water and nitrogen reduction under wide-width uniform sowing and conventional strip sowing was studied. 【Result】Compared wtih conventional strip sowing, the wide-width uniform sowing increased the maximum dry matter growth rate (V_max), average dry matter growth rate (V_mean), and dry matter accumulation rate after booting stage of spring wheat, and delayed the time of emergence of the highest dry matter growth rate (T_m). Compared with conventional strip sowing with conventional irrigation and nitrogen levels, the V_max and V_mean values of spring wheat under the wide-width uniform sowing were increased by 13.0%-23.4% and 11.0%-16.9%, respectively, and T_m was delayed by 3.3-3.7 days with the treatment on the reduction of 20% for water and nitrogen, so the growth and development dynamics of spring wheat could be effectively regulated by wide-width uniform sowing. The wide-width uniform sowing had greater grain and biomass yields by 11.0%-17.3% and 4.3%-9.6%, respectively, and the greater harvest index by 6.3%-6.9%, than conventional strip sowing. Furthermore, the grain and biomass yields were 16.0%-22.5% and 5.6%-13.2%, and harvest index was 8.2%-10.9% greater under wide-width uniform sowing with the reduction of 20% in water and nitrogen than those under the conventional strip sowing with conventional irrigation and nitrogen levels. There was no significant difference in grain and biomass yields, and harvest index of spring wheat was found between the reduction 20% of water and nitrogen, and the reduction of 20% irrigation and conventional nitrogen application under wide-width uniform sowing. The increase of spring wheat yield was mainly attributed to the synergistic of grains per ear and 1000-grain weight, which were increased by 3.9%-7.1% and 18.4%-22.7%, respectively, compared with conventional strip sowing with conventional irrigation and nitrogen application, and the 1000-grain weight increased by a greater extent. Path analysis showed that the reduction 20% of water and nitrogen in wide-width uniform sowing enhanced grain yield mainly through increasing harvest index and 1000-grain weight. 【Conclusion】 The wide-width uniform sowing could realize the simultaneous reduction 20% of water and nitrogen in spring wheat production, which was a feasible measure to save water and nitrogen for stable and high yield of spring wheat in oasis irrigation areas.

Key words: spring wheat, water and nitrogen reduction, wide-width uniform sowing, aboveground dry matter, yield components

CHEN GuiPing, CHENG Hui, FAN Hong, FAN ZhiLong, HU FaLong, YIN Wen. Study on Adaptability of Spring Wheat Yield to Water and Nitrogen Reduction Under Wide-Width Uniform Sowing and Conventional Strip Sowing in Oasis Irrigated Regions[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(13): 2461-2473.

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Figures/Tables 5

Table 1

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Table 2

Logistic equation analysis for aboveground dry matter accumulation in spring wheat under different planting modes and water and nitrogen levels"

年份 Year	种植方式 Planting mode	灌水水平 Irrigation level	施氮水平 Nitrogen level	回归方程 Regression equation	R²	最大增长速率出现天数 The days of V_max (T_m)(d)	最大增长速率 Maximum increase rate (V_max) (kg·hm^-2·d^-1)	平均增长速率 Mean increase rate (V_mean) (kg·hm^-2·d^-1)
2016	C	I1	N1	Y=15127/(1+e^{5.892-0.087×}^t)	0.995	67.72cd	329.02c	155.07d
			N2	Y=15921/(1+e^{5.819-0.087×}^t)	0.994	66.89cd	346.27ab	164.79c
			N3	Y=15723/(1+e^{5.344-0.082×}^t)	0.996	65.17d	322.32cd	160.77cd
		I2	N1	Y=15716/(1+e^{5.513-0.081×}^t)	0.997	68.06c	318.24cde	158.58cd
			N2	Y=15873/(1+e^{5.353-0.079×}^t)	0.996	67.76cd	313.50de	161.01cd
			N3	Y=15874/(1+e^{4.863-0.075×}^t)	0.998	64.84d	297.65f	158.34cd
	W	I1	N1	Y=16400/(1+e^{5.642-0.082×}^t)	0.996	68.80c	336.21bc	164.68c
			N2	Y=17794/(1+e^{5.382-0.079×}^t)	0.997	68.13c	351.42ab	185.13a
			N3	Y=17298/(1+e^{5.493-0.080×}^t)	0.997	68.66c	345.96abc	183.22ab
		I2	N1	Y=16069/(1+e^{5.816-0.089×}^t)	0.996	65.35d	357.53a	172.91b
			N2	Y=17906/(1+e^{5.621-0.076×}^t)	0.999	73.96b	340.22bc	182.92ab
			N3	Y=17706/(1+e^{4.840-0.072×}^t)	0.995	81.11a	318.70de	174.50b
2017	C	I1	N1	Y=15594/(1+e^{5.319-0.085×}^t)	0.995	62.58c	331.37e	157.62e
			N2	Y=16331/(1+e^{5.267-0.082×}^t)	0.996	64.23bc	334.79de	181.36c
			N3	Y=17245/(1+e^{5.004-0.077×}^t)	0.999	64.99bc	328.12e	168.78d
		I2	N1	Y=16668/(1+e^{5.186-0.081×}^t)	0.997	64.02bc	337.52de	161.15de
			N2	Y=16540/(1+e^{5.584-0.087×}^t)	0.997	64.18bc	359.75bc	180.90c
			N3	Y=16446/(1+e^{5.379-0.085×}^t)	0.996	63.28c	349.48cd	174.07cd
	W	I1	N1	Y=16373/(1+e^{5.993-0.089×}^t)	0.996	67.34ab	364.30bc	164.96de
			N2	Y=17355/(1+e^{6.099-0.091×}^t)	0.995	67.02ab	394.82a	194.30b
			N3	Y=17185/(1+e^{5.777-0.086×}^t)	0.995	67.17ab	369.48b	193.35b
		I2	N1	Y=16713/(1+e^{5.405-0.078×}^t)	0.998	69.29a	325.90e	167.38d
			N2	Y=17126/(1+e^{5.640-0.081×}^t)	0.998	69.63a	346.81cd	207.75a
			N3	Y=17002/(1+e^{5.578-0.084×}^t)	0.994	66.40b	357.04bc	198.89ab
2018	C	I1	N1	Y=15332/(1+e^{5.539-0.089×}^t)	0.995	62.24e	341.13d	149.94e
			N2	Y=16241/(1+e^{6.247-0.084×}^t)	0.995	74.37ab	341.07d	170.33bc
			N3	Y=16731/(1+e^{5.817-0.082×}^t)	0.995	70.94bc	342.98d	171.86bc
		I2	N1	Y=16135/(1+e^{5.621-0.089×}^t)	0.994	63.16de	359.00c	153.25de
			N2	Y=16291/(1+e^{5.732-0.084×}^t)	0.995	68.24c	342.12d	180.95ab
			N3	Y=16541/(1+e^{5.453-0.086×}^t)	0.995	63.41de	355.64cd	172.85bc
	W	I1	N1	Y=15012/(1+e^{6.745-0.097×}^t)	0.996	69.54c	364.05c	157.96de
			N2	Y=17216/(1+e^{6.813-0.102×}^t)	0.994	66.79cd	439.01a	191.84a
			N3	Y=17353/(1+e^{6.281-0.092×}^t)	0.996	68.27c	399.12b	178.09b
		I2	N1	Y=16428/(1+e^{6.752-0.100×}^t)	0.994	67.52d	410.71b	164.39d
			N2	Y=16932/(1+e^{6.591-0.085×}^t)	0.997	77.54a	359.81c	191.44a
			N3	Y=17087/(1+e^{6.084-0.085×}^t)	0.994	71.58b	363.10c	184.06ab
年份 Year	种植方式 Planting mode	灌水水平 Irrigation level	施氮水平 Nitrogen level	回归方程 Regression equation	R²	最大增长速率出现天数 The days of V_max (T_m)(d)	最大增长速率 Maximum increase rate (V_max) (kg·hm^-2·d^-1)	平均增长速率 Mean increase rate (V_mean) (kg·hm^-2·d^-1)
显著性值P
年份 Year						*	*	*
种植方式 Planting mode (P)						**	**	**
灌水水平 Irrigation level (I)						NS	NS	NS
施氮量 Nitrogen level (N)						*	*	**
种植方式×灌水水平 P×I						*	*	*
种植方式×施氮量 P×N						*	*	**
灌水水平×施氮量 I×N						NS	NS	*
种植方式×灌水水平×施氮量 P×I×N						NS	NS	NS

Table 2

Table 4

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种植方式 Sowing way	灌水水平 Irrigation level	生育时期灌水制度 Irrigation amount at growth stage (m³·hm^-2)				施氮水平 Nitrogen level (kg·hm^-2)	处理代码Treatment code
种植方式 Sowing way	灌水水平 Irrigation level	苗期Seedling	孕穗期Booting	灌浆期Filling	总量 Total	施氮水平 Nitrogen level (kg·hm^-2)	处理代码Treatment code
传统条播Conventional drilling sowing (C)	传统灌水水平 Conventional irrigation (I2)	750	900	750	2400	传统施氮 Conventional nitrogen amount (N3, 225)	CI2N3
						传统施氮减量20% Reduction 20% in N3 (N2, 180)	CI2N2
						传统施氮减量40% Reduction 40% in N3 (N1, 135)	CI2N1
	传统灌水减量20% Reduction 20% in I2 (I1)	600	720	600	1920	传统施氮 Conventional nitrogen amount (N3, 225)	CI1N3
						传统施氮减量20% Reduction 20% in N3(N2, 180)	CI1N2
						传统施氮减量40% Reduction 40% in N3(N1, 135)	CI1N1
宽幅匀播 Wide uniform sowing (W)	传统灌水水平 Conventional irrigation (I2)	750	900	750	2400	传统施氮 Conventional nitrogen amount(N3, 225)	WI2N3
						传统施氮减量20% Reduction 20% in N3(N2, 180)	WI2N2
						传统施氮减量40% Reduction 40% in N3(N1, 135)	WI2N1
	传统灌水减量20% Reduction 20% in I2 (I1)	600	720	600	1920	传统施氮 Conventional nitrogen amount(N3, 225)	WI1N3
						传统施氮减量20% Reduction 20% in N3(N2, 180)	WI1N2
						传统施氮减量40% Reduction 40% in N3(N1, 135)	WI1N1

指标 Index	与籽粒产量的相关系数 Correlation coefficient with grain yield	直接通径系数 Direct path coefficient	间接通径系数 Indirect path coefficient				决定系数Determination coefficient
指标 Index		直接通径系数 Direct path coefficient	有效穗数 The productive ear numbers	穗粒数Grains per ear	千粒重Thousand-grain weight	收获指数Harvest index	决定系数Determination coefficient
有效穗数The productive ear numbers	-0.151	0.095	—	-0.047	-0.179	-0.021	-0.038
穗粒数Grains per ear	0.926**	0.167*	-0.026	—	0.567	0.218	0.282
千粒重Thousand-grain weight	0.970**	0.619**	-0.027	0.153	—	0.226	0.818**
收获指数Harvest index	0.949**	0.249*	-0.008	0.147	0.562	—	0.410*

Study on Adaptability of Spring Wheat Yield to Water and Nitrogen Reduction Under Wide-Width Uniform Sowing and Conventional Strip Sowing in Oasis Irrigated Regions

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