Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (15): 3158-3167.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.15.002

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Characterization of Wheat Cultivar Zhongmai 895 with High Yield Potential, Broad Adaptability, and Good Quality

ZHANG Yong1(),YAN Jun2,XIAO YongGui1,HAO YuanFeng1,ZHANG Yan1,XU KaiJie2,CAO ShuangHe1,TIAN YuBing1,LI SiMin1,YAN JunLiang2,ZHANG ZhaoXing2,CHEN XinMin1,WANG DeSen1,XIA XianChun1,HE ZhongHu1,3()   

  1. 1Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
    2Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan
    3CIMMYT-China Office, Beijing 100081
  • Received:2020-12-21 Accepted:2021-03-01 Online:2021-08-01 Published:2021-08-10
  • Contact: ZhongHu HE E-mail:zhangyong05@caas.cn;zhhecaas@163.com

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Abstract:

Characterization of leading cultivars will provide crucially important information for cultivar development. The objective of this research is to characterize high yield potential, broad adaptation, good disease resistance and stress tolerance, as well as good quality in wheat cultivar Zhongmai 895. The dataset of two populations of Zhongmai 871/Zhongmai 895 recombinant inbred lines and Yangmai 16/Zhongmai 895 doubled haploids, as well as regional yield and pilot trial related with Zhongmai 895 were used in this research. The high yield potential of Zhongmai 895 was largely due to the increased spike number which could easily reach 640/m2, guaranteed by erect plant type with small leaves, and short plant height around 75 cm related to the outstanding lodging resistance, on the basis of two QTL for tiller angle, five QTL for leaf angle, and combination of semi dwarfing genes Rht2 and Rht24. It was characterized with high and stable thousand grain weight (48 g) related to the fast grain filling rate which provided excellent tolerance to high temperature during grain filling period, contributing to the perfect performance in late sowing environment, together with the contribution from high water and fertilizer use efficiency, high activity of root system, and slow leaf senescence, on the basis of four QTL for high thousand grain weight and grain filling rate, five genes for drought tolerance with vernalization gene combination of vrn-A1x, Vrn-B1a, and vrn-D1w. The performance of the broad adaptability was further contributed by the good resistance to stripe rust, powdery mildew and Fusarium head blight in the production, due to the presence of one major QTL for stripe rust resistance, two QTL for slow powdery mildew, and one new QTL for Fusarium head blight resistance. Zhongmai 895 was one of the few cultivars performing good dual qualities for Chinese dry white noodles and steamed bread with stable medium gluten strength, bright and yellow flour colour across environments in the Yellow-Huai River Valleys Winter Wheat Region, with Glu-A3d, and performed high nutrition quality with stable and high phenolic acid concentration of 748 μg·g-1. This research provides very important information and experience for developing new cultivars with high yield potential and broad adaptability.

Key words: common wheat, Zhongmai 895, yield potential, broad adaptability, disease resistance

Table 1

Yield performance of Zhongmai 895 in the Southern part of the Yellow and Huai River Valleys Winter Wheat regional trials"

类型
Trial type		 年份
Year		 品种
Cultivar		 株高
PH (cm)		 穗数 SN (spikes/m2) 穗粒数
KNS		 千粒重
TKW (g)		 产量 GY (kg·hm-2) ±CK
(%)		 增产点次
YIS
区域试验RYT
2010—2011 中麦895 Zhongmai 895 71b 678a 29.8b 47.1a 8820a 5.1 17 (19#)
周麦18 Zhoumai 18 (CK) 74a 603b 34.3a 44.7b 8392b
2011—2012 中麦895 Zhongmai 895 75b 651a 29.7b 45.8a 7590a 4.4 16 (17)
周麦18 Zhoumai 18 (CK) 79a 575b 32.3a 44.9b 7275b
生产试验RPT 2011—2012 中麦895 Zhongmai 895 75b 648a 29.3b 48.0a 7665a 4.3 14 (15)
周麦18 Zhoumai 18 (CK) 77a 569b 32.0a 44.9b 7350b
平均
Average		 中麦895 Zhongmai 895 74.3b 641a 29.2b 48.3a 7973a 4.6
周麦18 Zhoumai 18 (CK) 78.0a 573b 32.5a 46.0b 7561b

Table 2

Yield performance of Zhongmai 895 in farmer fields in the Southern part of the Yellow and Huai River Valleys Winter Wheat Region"

地点
Location		 年份
Year		 面积
Area (hm2)		 产量
Yield (kg·hm-2)		 备注
Remarks
陕西省三原县Sanyuan, Shaanxi 2012 0.30 10562 实产,本省最高单产纪录Harvest yield, provincial record
陕西省三原县Sanyuan, Shaanxi 2014 0.20 10862 实产,本省最高单产纪录Harvest yield, provincial record
河南省滑县Huaxian, Henan 2015 0.20 11714 实产Harvest yield
河南省新乡县Xinxiang, Henan 2016 0.34 11730 实产Harvest yield

Table 3

Yield and yield components of representative cultivars in the southern part of the Yellow and Huai River Valleys Winter Wheat Region"

品种
Cultivar		 株高
PH (cm)		 生物量
Biomass (kg·hm-2)		 花期叶面积指数
LAI		 穗数
SN (spikes/m2)		 穗粒数
KNS		 千粒重
TKW (g)		 产量
GY (kg·hm-2)		 收获指数
HI
豫麦13 Yumai 13 84.6a 15302bc 4.92b 757a 37b 41.6c 7806bc 0.38ab
豫麦49号 Yumai 49 77.7bc 15281bc 4.59cd 645bc 36bc 48.0b 8390b 0.39a
周麦16 Zhoumai 16 73.5c 15765b 4.35d 574c 40a 54.1a 8433b 0.38ab
周麦18 Zhoumai 18 79.2b 14572c 4.74bc 602bc 34c 45.7bc 8546b 0.35c
百农AK58 Bainong AK58 69.3d 15290bc 4.83bc 630bc 36bc 46.8bc 7563c 0.38a
中麦895 Zhongmai 895 77.9bc 17367a 5.27a 586c 37b 56.0a 8906a 0.37b

Fig. 1

Grain filling rate curves of representative leading cultivars in the Yellow and Huai River Valleys Winter Wheat Region"

Table 4

TKW and average grain-filling rate of Zhongmai 895 and check under normal and heat stress environments"

品种
Cultivar		 大田Normal 热处理Heat stress
千粒重 TKW (g) 平均灌浆速率 Va (g·1000-kernel-1·d-1) 千粒重 TKW (g) 平均灌浆速率 Va (g·1000-kernel-1·d-1)
中麦895 Zhongmai 895 51.0a 1.27a 46.7a 1.15a
京冬8 Jingdong 8 50.0a 1.26a 48.7a 1.21a
衡4399 Heng 4399 44.0b 1.05b 38.5b 0.97b

Table 5

Effect of irrigation times on yield and water use efficiency related traits of Zhongmai 895 and Bainong AK58"

灌溉处理
Irrigation		 穗数
SN (spikes/m2)		 穗粒数
KNS		 千粒重
TKW (g)		 产量
Yield (kg·hm-2)		 水分利用效率
WUE (kg·mm-1)
W1 410c#/382c$ 26.7c/28.7c 45.9c/44.5c 4365c/4775c 14.7c/16.1a
W2 460b/433b 30.1b/29.9bc 49.5b/45.8bc 5806b/5666b 16.2b/15.9ab
W3 541a/519a 33.0a/31.4ab 51.6ab/47.1ab 7115a/6565a 17.1a/15.7ab
W4 565a/566a 33.2a/32.3a 52.1a/48.5a 7481a/6995a 15.7bc/14.7b

Table 6

Effect of N fertilizer levels on yield and nitrogen use efficiency related traits of Zhongmai 895 and Bainong AK58"

氮肥处理
Nitrogen		 平米穗数
SN (spikes/m2)		 穗粒数
KNS		 千粒重
TKW (g)		 产量
Yield (kg·hm-2)		 氮肥农学效率
NAE (kg·kg-1)		 氮肥吸收效率
NUE (%)		 氮肥利用效率
NUtE (kg·kg-1)
T1 558a/512a 29.9a/33.9a 45.3b/43.7b 6220c/6008b 0/0 0/0 0/0
T2 574a/522a 28.8ab/31.3ab 53.1a/48.4a 6536b/6062b 5.4/4.9 0.24/0.21 27.2/24.4
T3 552a/482b 27.4bc/30.3bc 54.1a/49.6a 6918a/6186ab 3.8/3.2 0.17/0.15 19.2/16.6
T4 496b/471b 26.0c/26.0c 51.3a/49.4a 6634b/6370a 2.8/2.6 0.14/0.12 13.8/13.2

Table 7

Comparison of dry white Chinese noodle and steamed bread qualities of Zhongmai 895 and the Check"

类型
Type		 特性
Trait		 中麦895
Zhongmai 895		 周麦16
Zhoumai 16		 郑麦366
Zhengmai 366		 雪花粉
Xuehua
面条
Noodle		 色泽Color(15) 9.2 9.0 9.6 10.5
表面状况Appearance(10) 6.3 6.5 6.8 7.0
软硬度Firmness(20) 14.3 12.5 13.8 14.0
粘弹性Viscoelasticity(30) 21.4 18.4 21.4 21.0
光滑性Smoothness(15) 11.4 9.2 9.8 10.5
食味Flavor(10) 8.3 7.8 7.8 7.0
总分Total score(100) 70.8 63.3 68.9 70.0
馒头
Steamed bread		 比容Specific volume(20) 18 11.8 16.3 15.0
外形Shape(10) 6.0 4.3 6.8 8.0
表面光滑Smoothness(10) 7.5 5.0 7.3 8.0
表面色泽Skin color(10) 4.5 4.0 6.8 10.0
压缩张弛性Stress relaxation(35) 29.0 21.5 29.0 35.0
结构Structure(15) 11.8 7.9 12.4 12.0
总分Total score(100) 76.8 54.4 78.4 88.0
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