Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2018, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (15): 2872-2885.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.15.004

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY·AGRICULTURE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Regulation Effects of Different Mulching Patterns During the Whole Season on Soil Water and Temperature in the Maize Field of Loess Plateau

WU Yang1, JIA ZhiKuan2, BIAN ShaoFeng1, WANG YongJun1   

  1. 1Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033; 2College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
  • Received:2017-10-30 Online:2018-08-01 Published:2018-08-01

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Abstract: &【Objective】To indentify the synergy effects of different mulching patterns on soil water and temperature for improving maize (Zea mays L.) productivity sustainably, and to provide a theoretical evidence for establishing efficient and environmentally friendly mulching patterns in semi-arid areas of Loess Plateau.【Method】A 3-years located expeiment with four mulching patterns during the whole season were carried out in the experiment area: Full amount plastic film (PM), degradable film mulching (BM), ridge and furrow planting with plastic film mulched on the ridges (RH) and straw mulching (SM), and conventional flat planting without mulching (CT) was used as the control. Then the effects of different mulching patterns on soil water and temperature spatiotemporal dynamic variations and utilization characters were also studied thoroughly. 【Result】The results showed that mulching during the whole season significantly inhibited the invalid evaporation of soil during the fallow season and improved potential precipitation use efficiency (PPE). With PM, BM, RH and SM, the precipitation storage during the fallow season increased by 53, 51, 32 and 36 mm compared with CT, respectively, and the PPE increased by 14%, 12%, 11% and 10%, respectively. Film mulching significantly improved soil temperature, thereby improved the biomass accumulation rate and shortened the growth and developmental process of maize, and the jointing stage and maturity stage under PM, BM and RH advanced by 15, 8 and 7 d, and 17, 7 and 7 d, respectively, compared with CT. PM, BM and RH increased yield by 52%, 32% and 27%, improved accumulated temperature use efficiency (TUE) by 57%, 15% and 58%, increased water use efficiency (WUE) by 31%, 14% and 26%, increased precipitation use efficiency (PUE) by 53%, 27% and 29%, and reduced water consumption coefficient (WUC) by 33%, 21% and 22%, respectively, compared with CT. SM increased soil water storage during the maize growth season, but decreased soil temperature and presented retarded growth, the jointing stage and maturity stage with SM delayed by 4 d and 5 d, respectively, which decreased the yield, WUE and TUE by 21%, 18% and 9%, respectively, compared with CT. PM intensified the utilization of soil water, then the water supply capacity at the end of the season (WSC) under PM decreased by 19, 56 and 86 mm, compared with BM, RH and SM, respectively. The soil water balance under PM was greatly affected by the precipitation amount during the middle and late growth stage of maize. The precipitation amount from July to September during 2015 reduced 71 mm compared with the average value during many years, and the soil water storage in the 100-200 cm layer under PM reduced 28 mm compared with CT, and 5.4 mm compared with stable soil water storage, which caused water deficit in the deep soil layer.【Conclusion】PM would be a usefull method to improve the efficiency of soil hydrothermall resource utilization and to increase maize yield in semi-arid area of Loess Plateau, which accompanied with risks for maintaining deep soil water balance and stablizeing crop yield in the year with droughts during the middle and late growth stage of maize. BM and RH had weak effects on increasing soil temperature and maize yield compared with PM, whereas they were more benifical to maintain the balance of soil water. SM showed a significant effect on soil temeprature decreasing and yield reduction, which was not recommended in the semi-arid area with low temperatures.

Key words: mulching, soil water, soil temperature, maize yield, water use efficiency, semi-arid areas

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