苹果中4种常用农药残留及其膳食暴露评估

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.07.007

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 The objectives of this study are to detect pesticide (carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, imidacloprid and chlorbenzuron) residues in apples from China and evaluate their dietary exposure, identify and quantify the risk levels of dietary intake of the 4 commonly used pesticides in China, and to provide evidence for safe production, consumption, and safety supervision of apple. 【Method】 Based on the 282 apple samples from two main apple producing areas, including the Bohai bay (Liaoning, Shandong and Hebei) and the Northwest loess plateau (Shaanxi, Shanxi and Henan), professional risk assessment software @Risk was used to evaluate the dietary intake (exposure) risk of apple with the 4 pesticides by building a nonparametric probabilistic evaluation model. First, data on the 4 pesticides residual content in 282 apple samples were collected for distribution fitting, which were checked by three statistical test methods: the Chi-Squared test, the Anderson-Darling test and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and the optimum fitting distribution was selected from the results. The supervised trials median residue (STMR) and highest residue (HR) values were superseded by the values of optimum distribution fitting. %ADI and %ARfD indicate the chronic dietary intake risk and acute dietary intake risk, respectively. 【Result】 Of the 282 apple samples tested, 90.4% of apple samples (255) had detectable residues. Of the 4 common used pesticides, the detectable rate of carbendazim (CA) was 81.9%, which was the most frequently detectable pesticide, followed by thiophanate-methyl (TH) (52.1%), imidacloprid (IM) (39.0%), and chlorbenzuron (CH) (31.2%). The vast majority of samples pesticide residues were at lower levels, and the highest concentration was 0.9251 mg·kg^-1 (CA), which was still lower than the MRL (3.0 mg·kg^-1). The mean residual concentrations of the 4 pesticides in samples were in the following order: CA (0.1042 mg·kg^-1) ＞CH (0.0182 mg·kg^-1) ＞TH (0.0082 mg·kg^-1) ＞IM (0.0050 mg·kg^-1). There were differences in residual concentrations’ dispersion degree, and the variance coefficient was up to 136.4% (CA), 232.8% (TH), 214.8% (IM) and 174.1% (CH), respectively. The distribution law of the residual concentration of the 282 apple samples was obvious, the proportion of samples was reduced gradually in a trend with the increase of residual concentration. Twenty-seven samples (9.6% of all tested samples) were residue-free of the 4 pesticides, 198 samples (70.2%) had more than two residues, and 19 samples (6.7%) even had 4 kinds of pesticide residues. The chronic dietary intake risks for different age groups consuming apples with these 4 pesticides were 0.2120%-35.1100% (CA), 0.0051%-0.8240% (IM), 0.0049%-0.1710% (TH) and 0.0004%-0.0152% (CH), respectively. The acute dietary intake risks were 0.1940%-16.0500% (CA) and 0.0122%-0.9400% (IM), respectively. The infants (aged 2 to 6) and children (aged 7 to 13) were significantly higher than that of other groups, because of higher apple intake and lower body weight, so that they were the vital monitoring objects. The pesticide intake risks were declined gradually with the age growth, and the risks were higher with the larger percentile values selected.【Conclusion】CA, TH, IM and CH residues in Chinese apples had a relatively high detectable rate. Nevertheless, the residual concentrations of all the samples tested were under MRLs. Both chronic and acute dietary intake risks for the general population consuming apples with the selected 4 pesticides were low. The infants and children were significantly higher than that of other groups and should be paid more attention.

Key words: apple, pesticide residue, dietary exposure, nonparametric probabilistic evaluation model, risk assessment

YE Meng-liang, NIE Ji-yun, XU Guo-feng, YAN Zhen, ZHENG Li-jing. Residue and Dietary Exposure Risk Assessment of Four Pesticides in Apple[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(7): 1289-1302.

0
/ / Recommend

Add to citation manager EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

URL: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/EN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.07.007

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/EN/Y2016/V49/I7/1289

References

[1] 叶孟亮, 聂继云, 徐国锋, 闫震, 郑丽静, 李志霞. 超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水果中乙撑硫脲残留. 分析测试学报, 2015, 34(11): 1276-1280.

Ye M L, Nie J Y, Xu G F, Yan Z, Zheng L J, Li Z X. Determination of ethylenethiourea residues in fruits using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Instrumental Analysis, 2015, 34(11): 1276-1280. (in Chinese)

[2] 中华人民共和国国家统计局. 国家数据, 年度数据. (2015-03-10) [2016-01-22]. http://data.stats. ov.cn/easyquery.htm?cn=C01[DB/OL].

National Bureau of Statistics of China. National data. (2015-03-10) [2016-01-22]. http://data.stats. gov.cn/easyquery.htm?cn=C01[DB/OL]. (in Chinese)

[3] 李晓军, 范昆, 曲健禄, 张勇, 亓彬, 王涛. 中国苹果主要栽培省苹果轮纹病菌对多菌灵的抗性差异. 植物保护, 2010, 36(3): 158-161.

Li X J, Fan K, Qu J L, Zhang Y, Qi B, Wang T. Determination of the resistance difference of Botryosphaeria berengeriana to carbendazim. Plant Protection, 2010, 36(3): 158-161. (in Chinese)

[4] 刘巍, 屈会选. 48%甲基硫菌灵·咪鲜胺锰盐可湿性粉剂防治苹果炭疽病试验. 农业技术与装备, 2012(11): 78-79.

Liu W, Qu H X.Efficacy test of 48% SP thiophanaye- methyl·prochloraz-manganese against apple Colletot tichum gloeosporioides. Agricultural Technology and Equipment, 2012(11): 78-79. (in Chinese)

[5] 翟慧者, 胡同乐, 陈曲, 曹克强. 10种化学杀菌剂对苹果树腐烂病的防效评价. 植物保护, 2012, 38(3): 151-154.

Zhai H Z, Hu T L, Chen Q, Cao K Q. Control effect of 10 fungicides against apple valsa canker. Plant Protection, 2012, 38(3): 151-154. (in Chinese)

[6] 秦韧, 邱小燕, 梁银萍, 张优菊, 张敏. 40%甲基硫菌灵·嘧菌环胺悬浮剂防治苹果斑点落叶病田间药效试验报告. 农学学报, 2014, 4(8): 28-30.

Qin R, Qiu X Y, Liang Y P, Zhang Y J, Zhang M.Field efficacy tests report of 40% thiophanate-methyl·cyrodinil SC to apple spot leaf drop. Journal of Agriculture, 2014, 4(8): 28-30. (in Chinese)

[7] 虞国跃, 张君明, 王合. 苹果3种常见潜叶蛾的识别与防治. 植物保护, 2014, 40(1): 200-201.

Yu G Y, Zhang J M, Wang H. Identification and control of 3 kinds of Lithocolletis ringoniella in apple. Plant Protection, 2014, 40(1): 200-201. (in Chinese)

[8] 王洪涛, 刘学卿, 王丽丽, 王英姿. 山东苹果主产区金纹细蛾对4种杀虫剂的抗药性测定. 果树学报, 2014, 31(4): 673-678.

Wang H T, Liu X Q, Wang L L, Wang Y Z.Resistance of apple leafminer, Lithocolletis ringoniella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)to four insecticides in apple production areas of Shandong. Journal of Fruit Science, 2014, 31(4): 673-678. (in Chinese)

[9] 季仁东, 赵志敏, 张林, 季雷, 张吉华, 沈令斌, 兰秀风. 苹果汁中吡虫啉农药残留荧光检测研究. 光谱学与广谱分析, 2013, 33(3): 668-671.

Ji R D, Zhao Z M, Zhang L, Ji L, Zhang J H, Shen L B, Lan X F. Study on experiment of fluorescence spectra detection of pesticide residue of imidacloprid in apple juices. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2013, 33(3): 668-671. (in Chinese)

[10] 毛江胜, 赵善仓, 孟静静, 郭长英, 邓立刚, 李增梅. 苹果及其土壤中灭幼脲的残留检测与消解动态研究. 食品科学, 2009, 30(8): 194-196.

Mao J S, Zhao S C, Meng J J, Guo C Y, Deng L G, Li Z M. Detection of chlorbenzuron residues and study on its dynamic degradation in apple and soil. Food Science, 2009, 30(8): 194-196. (in Chinese)

[11] 孙瑞红, 孙菊新, 李爱华, 张文吉. 灭幼脲三号对金纹细蛾的防治作用研究. 农药学学报, 1999, 1(1): 51-56.

Sun R H, Sun J X, Li A H, Zhang W J. Study on the effect on dichlorbenzuron to asiatic apple leafminer. Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science, 1999, 1(1): 51-56. (in Chinese)

[12] 赵宇翔. 市售蔬果中毒死蜱农药残留风险评估的研究[D]. 上海: 复旦大学, 2009.

Zhao Y X. Risk assessment of chlorpyrifos in vegetables and fruits in Shanghai[D]. Shanghai: Fudan University, 2009. (in Chinese)

[13] 王冬群, 吴华新, 沈群超, 岑伟烈. 慈溪市水果有机磷农药残留调查及风险评估. 江苏农业科学, 2012, 40(2): 229-231.

Wang D Q, Wu H X, Shen Q C, Cen W L. The research and risk assessment on organophosphorus pesticide residues in fruits in Cixi. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2012, 40(2): 229-231. (in Chinese)

[14] 张志恒, 汤涛, 徐浩, 李振, 杨桂玲, 王强. 果蔬中氯吡脲残留的膳食摄入风险评估. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(10): 1982-1991.

Zhang Z H, Tang T, Xu H, Li Z, Yang G L, Wang Q. Dietary intake risk assessment of forchlorfenuron residue in fruits and vegetables. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(10): 1982-1991. (in Chinese)

[15] 张志恒, 袁玉伟, 郑蔚然, 孙彩霞, 杨桂玲, 王强. 三唑磷残留的膳食摄入与风险评估. 农药学学报, 2011, 13(5): 485-495.

Zhang Z H, Yuan Y W, Zheng W R, Sun C X, Yang G L, Wang Q. Dietary intake and its risk assessment of thiazophos residue. Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science, 2011, 13(5): 485-495. (in Chinese)

[16] 刘艳萍. 香蕉国际贸易中4种特殊杀菌剂的残留及风险评估研究[D]. 北京: 中国农业大学, 2014.

Liu Y P. Studies on residue and risk assessment of four fungicides in international trade of banana[D]. Beijing: China Agricultural University, 2014. (in Chinese)

[17] 聂继云, 李志霞, 刘传德, 方金豹, 王成, 郭永泽, 雷绍荣, 李海飞, 徐国锋, 闫震. 苹果农药残留风险评估. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(18): 3655-3667.

Nie J Y, Li Z X, Liu C D, Fang J B, Wang C, Guo Y Z, Lei S R, Li H F, Xu G F, Yan Z. Risk assessment of pesticide residues in apples. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(18): 3655-3667. (in Chinese)

[18] 段文佳, 周德庆, 张瑞玲. 基于蒙特卡罗的水产品中甲醛定量风险评估. 中国农学通报, 2011, 27(23): 65-69.

Duan W J, Zhou D Q, Zhang R L. Primary study on quantitative risk assessment of dietary formaldehyde in aquatic product by Monte Carlo simulation. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2011, 27(23): 65-69. (in Chinese)

[19] 丁小霞, 李培武, 白艺珍, 周海燕, 印南日. 中国花生黄曲霉毒素风险评估中膳食暴露非参数概率评估方法. 中国油料作物学报, 2011, 33(4): 402-408.

Ding X X, Li P W, Bai Y Z, Zhou H Y, Yin N R. Non-parametric probability assessment of risk evaluation on dietary exposure to Chinese peanut aflatoxins. Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences, 2011, 33(4): 402-408. (in Chinese)

[20] Yuan Y W, Chen C, Zhang C M, Wang X L, Yang G L, Wang Q, Zhang Z H. Residue of chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin in vegetables and probabilistic exposure assessment for consumers in Zhejiang Province, China. Food Control, 2014, 36(1): 63-68.

[21] 中华人民共和国农业部. 新鲜水果、蔬菜采样方法 (GB/T 8855-2008). 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2008.

Ministry of Agriculture, People’s Republic of China. Fresh Fruits and Vegetables-Sampling (GB/T 8855-2008). Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2008. (in Chinese)

[22] 中华人民共和国质量监督检验检疫总局, 中国国家标准化管理委员会. 水果和蔬菜中450种农药及相关化学品残留量的测定液相色谱-串联质谱法 (GB/T 20769-2008). 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2009.

AQSIQ (General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, People’s Republic of China) and SAC (Standardization Administration of China). Determination of 450 Pesticides and Related Chemical Residues in Fruits and Vegetables LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 20769-2008). Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2009. (in Chinese)

[23] 白新明. 蔬菜农药残留对人体健康急性风险概率评估研究. 食品科学, 2014, 35(5): 208-212.

Bai X M. Assessment of acute human health risk of pesticide residues in vegetables. Food Science, 2014, 35(5): 208-212. (in Chinese)

[24] 中华人民共和国卫生部, 中华人民共和国农业部. 食品安全国家标准: 食品中农药最大残留限量 (GB 2763-2014). 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2014.

Ministry of Health, and Ministry of Agriculture, People’s Republic of China. National Food Safety Standard: Maximum Residue Limits for Pesticides in Food (GB 2763-2014). Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2014. (in Chinese)

[25] 世界卫生组织. 规划和项目, 化学品风险. (2015-07-06)[2016-01-22]. http://www.who.int/entity/foodsafety/areas_work/chemical-risks/IESTI_calculation15_model_final.xlsm. [DB/OL].

World Health Organization (WHO). Programmes, Chemical Risks. (2015-07-06)[2016-01-22]. http://www.who.int/entity/foodsafety/ areas_work/chemical-risks/IESTI_calculation 15_model_final.xlsm. [DB/OL]. (in Chinese)

[26] 刘智卓. 戊唑醇和丙森锌在苹果上的残留污染行为特征研究[D]. 天津: 天津理工大学, 2012.

Liu Z Z. Study on the residual behaviour of tebuconazoln and propineb in apple[D]. Tianjin: Tianjin University of Technology, 2012. (in Chinese)

[27] 郑丽静, 聂继云, 李明强, 康艳玲, 匡立学, 叶孟亮. 苹果风味评价指标的筛选研究. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(14): 2796-2805.

Zheng L J, Nie J Y, Li M Q, Kang Y L, Kuang L X, Ye M L. Study on screening of taste evaluation index for apple. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(14): 2796-2805. (in Chinese)

[28] 梁俊, 赵政阳, 樊明涛, 郭碧云, 袁景军, 王雷存. 陕西苹果主产区果实农药残留水平及其评价. 园艺学报, 2007, 34(5): 1123-1128.

Liang J, Zhao Z Y, Fan M T, Guo B Y, Yuan J J, Wang L C. Monitoring and evaluation of apple pesticide residues in Shaanxi. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2007, 34(5): 1123-1128. (in Chinese)

[29] 赵增锋. 苹果病虫害种类、地域分布及主要病虫害发生趋势研究[D]. 保定: 河北农业大学, 2012.

Zhao Z F. The research on apple pest’ species, regional distribution and the occurrence trend of major pests[D]. Baoding: Agricultural University of Hebei, 2012. (in Chinese)

[30] 聂继云, 丛佩华, 杨振锋, 李静, 张红军. 中国苹果生产农药使用调查报告. 中国农学通报, 2005, 21(9): 352-355.

Nie J Y, Cong P H, Yang Z F, Li J, Zhang H J. Investigation on pesticides usage in China apple production. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2005, 21(9): 352-355. (in Chinese)

[31] 张立功. 陕西黄土高原苹果园农业使用及残留现状调查与对策研究[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2006.

Zhang L G. Research on situation and strategies of pesticide usage and residual at apple orchards in the loess plateau of Shaanxi province[D]. Yangling: Northwest A&F University, 2006. (in Chinese)

[32] 陈合, 李祥, 李利军. 套袋对苹果果实重金属及农药残留的影响. 农业工程学报, 2006, 22(1): 189-191.

Chen H, Li X, Li L J. Influence of apple bagging on heavy metal and pesticide residue in apple fruit. Transactions of the CSAE, 2006, 22(1): 189-191. (in Chinese)

[33] 刘建海, 李丙智, 张林森, 栾东珍, 李亚绒, 雷延明. 套袋对红富士苹果果实品质和农药残留的影响. 西北农林科技大学学报: 自然科学版, 2003, 31(增刊): 16-18.

Liu J H, Li B Z, Zhang L S, Luan D Z, Li Y R, Lei Y M. The effect of bagging on the quality and pesticide residual of red Fuji apple. Journal of Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry: Natural Science Edition, 2003, 31(Suppl.): 16-18. (in Chinese)

[34] 仇微, 王亚南, 魏铁松, 刘颖超, 张瑜, 曹克强. 苯醚甲环唑在套袋与不套袋苹果中的残留及消解动态. 农药学学报, 2013, 15(4): 451-456.

Qiu W, Wang Y N, Wei T S, Liu Y C, Zhang Y, Cao K Q. Residue and dissipation dynamics of difenoconazole in bagged and non- bagged apples. Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science, 2013, 15(4): 451-456. (in Chinese)

[35] 王金政, 薛晓敏, 路超. 我国苹果生产现状与发展对策. 山东农业科学, 2010, 22(6): 117-119.

Wang J Z, Xue X M, Lu C. Present state and development countermeasures of apple in China. Shandong Agricultural Sciences, 2010, 22(6): 117-119. (in Chinese)

[36] 张秀玲. 中国农产品农药残留成因与影响研究[D]. 无锡: 江南大学, 2013.

Zhang X L. Studies on the causes and impact of China’s agricultural pesticide residues[D]. Wuxi: Jiangnan University, 2013. (in Chinese)

[37] 高申荣. 基于农药残留的中国出口农产品生产方式转型研究[D]. 无锡: 江南大学, 2012.

Gao S R. The research on the reform of production mode of agricultural exports from China under pesticide residues constraint[D]. Wuxi: Jiangnan University, 2012. (in Chinese)

[38] 钱永忠, 李耘. 农产品质量安全风险评估建模与应用. 北京: 中国质检出版社、中国标准出版社, 2014: 251-310.

Qian Y Z, Li Y. Risk Assessment for Quality and Safety of Agro-Foods Modeling and Applications. Beijing: China Zhijian Publishing House, Standards Press of China, 2014: 251-310. (in Chinese)

[39] 姜官鑫, 沈国清, 唐雯佳. 食品中农药残留的累积性暴露评估方法研究. 食品工业科技, 2011, 32(6): 346-349.

Jiang G X, Shen G Q, Tang W J. Assessment methods of cumulative exposure to pesticide residues in food. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2011, 32(6): 346-349. (in Chinese)

[40] 陈晨. 农药残留混合污染联合毒性效应研究[D]. 北京: 中国农业科学院, 2014.

Chen C. Study on combined effects of pesticide residue mixtures[D]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2014. (in Chinese)

[41] 吴雪原. 茶叶中农药的最大残留限量及风险评估研究[D]. 合肥: 安徽农业大学, 2007.

Wu X Y. Studies on maximum residue limits for pesticides in tea and relative risk assessment[D]. Hefei: Anhui Agricultural University, 2007. (in Chinese)

[42] 金水高. 中国居民营养与健康状况调查报告之十: 2002营养与健康状况数据集. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2008.

Jin S G. The Tenth Report of Nutrition and Health Status for China Residents: Nutrition and Health Data Sets 2002. Beijing: People’s Medical Publishing House, 2008. (in Chinese)

[43] Duan Y, Guan N, Li P P, Li J G, Luo J H. Monitoring and dietary exposure assessment of pesticide residues in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) in Hainan, China. Food Control, 2016, 59: 250-255.

[44] 叶孟亮, 聂继云, 徐国锋, 闫震, 郑丽静. 苹果中乙撑硫脲膳食摄入风险的非参数概率评估. 农业工程学报, 2016, 32(1): 286-297.

Ye M L, Nie J Y, Xu G F, Yan Z, Zheng L J. Nonparametric probabilistic evaluation of ethylenethiourea dietary intake risk in apple. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2016, 32(1): 286-297. (in Chinese)

[45] 石建平, 霍雪喜, 聂鹏. 中国苹果消费现状及特征分析. 北方园艺, 2010(22): 184-185.

Shi J P, Huo X X, Nie P. The analysis of Chinese apple consumption status and characteristics. Northern Horticulture, 2010(22): 184-185. (in Chinese)

[46] 刘淑玲, 周德庆. 水产食品中甲醛风险评估研究进展. 渔业现代化, 2009, 36(2): 60-63.

Liu S L, Zhou D Q. Research progress of risk assessment on formaldehyde in fisheries products. Fishery Modernization, 2009, 36(2): 60-63. (in Chinese)

[47] 聂继云, 丛佩华, 杨振锋, 李静, 张红军. 中国苹果农药残留研究初报. 中国农学通报, 2005, 21(10): 88-90.

Nie J Y, Cong P H, Yang Z F, Li J, Zhang H J. Primary report of apple pesticide residue in China. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2005, 21(10): 88-90. (in Chinese)

[48] Katz J M, Winter C K. Comparison of pesticide exposure from consumption of domestic and imported fruits and vegetables. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2009, 47: 335-338.

[49] Koch H M, Wittassek M, Bruning T, Angerer J, Heudorf U. Exposure to phthalates in 5-6 years old primary school starters in Germany-A human biomonitoring study and a cumulative risk assessment. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 2011, 214: 188-195.

[50] Boon P E, van Donkersgoed G, Christodoulou D, Crépet A., D'Addezio L, Desvignes V, Ericsson B G, Galimberti F, Ioannou-Kakouri E, Jensen B H, Rehurkova I, Rety J, Ruprich J, Sand S, Stephenson C, Strömberg A, Turrini A, van der Voet H, Ziegler P, Hamey P, van Klaveren J D. Cumulative dietary exposure to a selected group of pesticides of the triazole group in different European countries according to the EFSA guidance on probabilistic modelling. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2015, 79: 13-31.

[51] Kennedy M C, Glass C R, Bokkers B, Hart A D M, Hamey P Y, Kruisselbrink J W, de Boer W J, van der Voet H, Garthwaite D G, van Klaveren J D. A European model and case studies for aggregate exposure assessment of pesticides. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2015, 79: 32-44.

[52] Boon P E, Van der Voet H, Van Raaij M T M, Van Klaveren J D. Cumulative risk assessment of the exposure to organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides in the Dutch diet. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2008, 46: 3090-3098.

[53] Jensen B H, Petersen A, Christiansen S, Boberg J, Axelstad M, Herrmann S S, Poulsen M E, Hass U. Probabilistic assessment of the cumulative dietary exposure of the population of Denmark to endocrine disrupting pesticides. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2013, 55: 113-120.

[54] Dewalque L, Charlier C, Pirard C. Estimated daily intake and cumulative risk assessment of phthalate diesters in a Belgian general population. Toxicology Letters, 2014, 231(2): 161-168.

[55] Chang J W, Yan B R, Chang M H, Tseng S H, Kao Y M, Chen J C, Lee C C. Cumulative risk assessment for plasticizer-contaminated food using the hazard index approach. Environmental Pollution, 2014, 189: 77-84.

[56] Ragas A M J, Oldenkamp R, Preeker N L, Wernicke J, Schlink U. Cumulative risk assessment of chemical exposures in urban environments. Environment International, 2011, 37: 872-881.

[57] Boobis A R, Ossendorp B C, Banasiak U, Hamey P Y, Sebestyen I, Moretto A. Cumulative risk assessment of pesticide residues in food. Toxicology Letters, 2008, 180: 137-150.

[58] Müller A K, Bosgra S, Boon P E, Voet Hvd, Nielsen E, Ladefoged O. Probabilistic cumulative risk assessment of anti-androgenic pesticides in food. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2009, 47: 2951-2962.

[59] Luo Y Z, Zang M H. Multimedia transport and risk assessment of organophosphate pesticides and a case study in the northern San Joaquin Valley of California. Chemosphere, 2009, 75: 969-978.

[60] 张磊, 李凤琴, 刘兆平. 食品中化学物累积风险评估方法及应用. 中国食品卫生杂志, 2011, 23(4): 378-382.

Zhang L, Li F Q, Liu Z P. Cumulative risk assessment of chemical in food. Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene, 2011, 23(4): 378-382. (in Chinese)

[61] 周妍, 闻胜, 刘潇, 毛燕妮, 罗苹, 李永刚, 陈明, 史廷明. 食品中化学污染物风险评估研究进展. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2014, 5(6): 1868-1875.

Zhou Y, Wen S, Liu X, Mao Y N, Luo P, Li Y G, Chen M, Shi T M. Review on the risk assessment for chemical contaminants in food. Journal of Food Safety and Quality, 2014, 5(6): 1868-1875. (in Chinese)

[62] 袁玉伟, 王静, 叶志华. 食品中农药残留的膳食暴露与累积性暴露评估研究. 食品科学, 2008, 29(1): 374-378.

Yuan Y W, Wang J, Ye Z H. Exposure estimate and cumulative exposure estimate on pesticide residues from dietary. Food Science, 2008, 29(1): 374-378. (in Chinese)

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

Comments

Recommended 0

No Suggested Reading articles found!

Residue and Dietary Exposure Risk Assessment of Four Pesticides in Apple

RichHTML

PDF

Cited

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

[1]	DONG YongXin,WEI QiWei,HONG Hao,HUANG Ying,ZHAO YanXiao,FENG MingFeng,DOU DaoLong,XU Yi,TAO XiaoRong. Establishment of ALSV-Induced Gene Silencing in Chinese Soybean Cultivars [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(9): 1710-1722.
[2]	CHEN XueSen, YIN HuaLin, WANG Nan, ZHANG Min, JIANG ShengHui, XU Juan, MAO ZhiQuan, ZHANG ZongYing, WANG ZhiGang, JIANG ZhaoTao, XU YueHua, LI JianMing. Interpretation of the Case of Bud Sports Selection to Promote the High-Quality and Efficient Development of the World’s Apple and Citrus Industry [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(4): 755-768.
[3]	LU Xiang, GAO Yuan, WANG Kun, SUN SiMiao, LI LianWen, LI HaiFei, LI QingShan, FENG JianRong, WANG DaJiang. Analysis of Aroma Characteristics in Different Cultivated Apple Strains [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(3): 543-557.
[4]	GAO XiaoQin,NIE JiYun,CHEN QiuSheng,HAN LingXi,LIU Lu,CHENG Yang,LIU MingYu. Geographical Origin Tracing of Fuji Apple Based on Mineral Element Fingerprinting Technology [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(21): 4252-4264.
[5]	BaoHua CHU,FuGuo CAO,NingNing BIAN,Qian QIAN,ZhongXing LI,XueWei LI,ZeYuan LIU,FengWang MA,QingMei GUAN. Resistant Evaluation of 84 Apple Cultivars to Alternaria alternata f. sp. mali and Genome-Wide Association Analysis [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(18): 3613-3628.
[6]	XIE Bin,AN XiuHong,CHEN YanHui,CHENG CunGang,KANG GuoDong,ZHOU JiangTao,ZHAO DeYing,LI Zhuang,ZHANG YanZhen,YANG An. Response and Adaptability Evaluation of Different Apple Rootstocks to Continuous Phosphorus Deficiency [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(13): 2598-2612.
[7]	SONG BoWen,YANG Long,PAN YunFei,LI HaiQiang,LI Hao,FENG HongZu,LU YanHui. Effects of Agricultural Landscape on the Population Dynamic of Grapholitha molesta Adults in Apple Orchards in Southern Xinjiang [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(1): 85-95.
[8]	SHA RenHe,LAN LiMing,WANG SanHong,LUO ChangGuo. The Resistance Mechanism of Apple Transcription Factor MdWRKY40b to Powdery Mildew [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(24): 5220-5229.
[9]	CAO YuHan,LI ZiTeng,ZHANG JingYi,ZHANG JingNa,HU TongLe,WANG ShuTong,WANG YaNan,CAO KeQiang. Analysis of dsRNA Carried by Alternaria alternata f. sp. mali in China and Identification of a dsRNA Virus [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(22): 4787-4799.
[10]	LI ZiTeng,CAO YuHan,LI Nan,MENG XiangLong,HU TongLe,WANG ShuTong,WANG YaNan,CAO KeQiang. Molecular Variation and Phylogenetic Relationship of Apple Scar Skin Viroid in Seven Cultivars of Apple [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(20): 4326-4336.
[11]	SONG ChunHui,CHEN XiaoFei,WANG MeiGe,ZHENG XianBo,SONG ShangWei,JIAO Jian,WANG MiaoMiao,MA FengWang,BAI TuanHui. Identification of Candidate Genes for Waterlogging Tolerance in Apple Rootstock by Using SLAF-seq Technique [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(18): 3932-3944.
[12]	SUN Qing,ZHAO YanXia,CHENG JinXin,ZENG TingYu,ZHANG Yi. Fruit Growth Modelling Based on Multi-Methods - A Case Study of Apple in Zhaotong, Yunnan [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(17): 3737-3751.
[13]	LIU Kai,HE ShanShan,ZHANG CaiXia,ZHANG LiYi,BIAN ShuXun,YUAN GaoPeng,LI WuXing,KANG LiQun,CONG PeiHua,HAN XiaoLei. Identification and Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes in Adventitious Shoot Regeneration in Leaves of Apple [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(16): 3488-3501.
[14]	ZHOU Zhe,BIAN ShuXun,ZHANG HengTao,ZHANG RuiPing,GAO QiMing,LIU ZhenZhen,YAN ZhenLi. Screening of ARF-Aux/IAA Interaction Combinations Involved in Apple Fruit Size [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(14): 3088-3096.
[15]	HUANG JinFeng,LÜ TianXing,WANG Xu,WANG YingDa,WANG DongMei,YAN ZhongYe,LIU Zhi. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Pattern Analysis of LRR-RLK Gene Family in Apple [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(14): 3097-3112.