四川盆地水稻产量对基础地力与施肥的响应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.23.017

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】Sichuan basin is the main region of single-season rice in China. This paper studied the inherent productivity of paddies, the nutrient supply capacity of paddy soils and the effect of fertilization of paddy in order to evaluate effect on soil inherent productivity of paddies and the effect of fertilization on rice yield. The aim of the study is to provide theoretical basis for improvement in soil fertility and regional rational fertilization. 【Method】The total 474 field experiments were used to evaluate the yield-based inherent soil productivity, nutrient supply capacity of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) and fertilization response with five treatments (unfertilized control, PK, NK, NP and NPK) during 2005 to 2010 in Sichuan basin. The effect of fertilization, yield stability and sustainability based on the yield of rice under different inherent productivity of paddy soils were also assessed. Meanwhile, it analysed the change trend of soil inherent productivity of paddies for more than 30 years in Sichuan basin. 【Result】 It showed that there was a steady improvement of soil inherent productivity in Sichuan basin from literature survey. The rice yield based on soil inherent productivity is between 5.6 to 6.4 t·hm^-2 since 2000 and increased 1.5 t·hm^-2 than that between 1980 to 2000. The contribution rate of soil productivity also rose by 6.7%. Field trials showed that the contribution rates of inherent productivity and fertilizer to rice yield is 67.4-75.9% and 24.1-32.6% respectively. The supply capacity of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in Sichuan basin paddy soil were 103-120, 23.2-27.5, 139-185 kg·hm^-2. The average contribution rate of nutrient supply capacity on yield were 78.2%, 88.8% and 90.8%, respectively and the contribution rate of fertilization on yield is less than 30%. The increment by different fertilizers was largest with N fertilization followed by P and K fertilization. The inherent soil productivity and nutrient supply capacity differed among regions (Chengdu plain＞middle shallow hilly zone in Sichuan basin＞peripheral hilly zone in Sichuan basin＞eastern hilly zone in Sichuan basin). Plots with higher inherent soil productivity can result in higher yield when NPK fertilizer was applied. There is a significant and positive correlation between contribution rate of soil fertility to yield and inherent soil productivity, but the correlation between contribution rate of fertilizer to yield and inherent soil productivity was significantly negative. It also found that sustainable index and stability index of rice yield was increased with improvement of inherent soil productivity. 【Conclusion】 We concluded that improving inherent soil productivity of paddies can promote rice yield while decrease its dependence on fertilization but is also beneficial to sustainable rice production.

Key words: paddy field, inherent soil productivity, yield, fertilization, Sichuan basin

LIANG Tao, CHEN Xuan-jing, ZHAO Ya-nan, HUANG Xing-cheng, LI Hong, SHI Xiao-jun, ZHANG Yue-qiang. Response of Rice Yield to Inherent Soil Productivity of Paddies and Fertilization in Sichuan Basin[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(23): 4759-4768.

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