Abstract: 【Objective】Crop variety breeding was result from nature and artificial selection under climate change background. Huanghuai wheat region is the largest wheat region in China, that plays an important role for ensure wheat production and food security in China. The changes of agronomic traits of winter wheat and temperature in Huanghuai dryland in the past 30 years were studied in order to provide a theoretical basis and technological support for dryland wheat breeding to adapt to climate changes in the future. 【Method】 The agronomic traits data of control varieties and temperature data of Linfen in Shanxi province in the past 30 years were analyzed. Linfen is the national representative Huanghuai dryland winter wheat regional test site. The regularity of the main temperature traits of Linfen city, such as the average temperature and over 0℃ accumulated temperature in winter wheat growth, and agronomic traits of control varieties change trends were analyzed. The relationship between agronomic traits and meteorological elements were also analyzed by correlation, multiple regression and path analysis. 【Result】 The average temperature，over 0℃ accumulated temperature，the highest and lowest temperature was increased slowly year by year in wheat growth period. In wheat growth period, the average temperature was increased average 0.05℃ per year, over 0℃ accumulated temperature was increased average 21.9℃per year，there was positive relationship between the average temperature and over 0℃ accumulated temperature. Over 0℃ accumulated temperature change can reflect temperature change in whole wheat growth period. The highest and lowest temperature was increased 0.02℃and 0.16℃per year respectively. The average temperature and over 0 ℃ accumulated temperature was increased markedly from sowing to before the winter, the average temperature and over 0℃ accumulated temperature was increased significantly at vegetative growth stage, but were increased lightly and had a downward trend at reproductive stage. With climate warming, strong winter variety with more tillers was replaced gradually by winter and weak winter variety with moderate tiller. Agronomic traits of control variety were changed not much from 1986 to 1996, and changed greatly from 1997 to 2007, and changed markedly from 2007 to 2014, this change trend consist with temperature change trend in wheat growth period. In evolution of agronomic traits of Huanghuai dryland control varieties, the thousand-kernel-weight and kernels per spike was increased average 1.57% and 3.39% per year respectively, but the effective ear numbers and plant height as well grain yield were decreased average slowly 0.16% and 1.29% per year respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between grain yield and plant height (0.684**), effective ear number (0.531**) and thousand-seed-weight (0.541**). There were 46.73%, 26.17% and 3.26% variation of grain yield was decided by three main factors such as plant height and over 0℃ accumulated temperature as well as the average temperature from standing to jointing stage respectively. In Huanghuai dryland wheat high-yield breeding evolution, the over 0℃ accumulated temperature from standing to jointing stage and plant height had a higher positive effect on grain yield, but the average temperature from standing to jointing stage had a negative effect on grain yield. 【Conclusion】 The climate warming had a strong impact on agronomic traits evolution in Huanghuai dryland winter wheat region, selecting new wheat varieties with agronomic traits of middle plant height, middle effective ears numbers, more kernels per spike, and high grain weight is the improvement direction of middle-high yield and drought-resistant varieties in Huanghuai dryland wheat region for adapting to climate change in the future.

Key words: Huanghuai, dryland, winter wheat, agronomic traits, climate change