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Annual Nutrients Balance and Economic Return Analysis of Wheat with Fertilizers Reduction and Different Rotation in Guanzhong Plain, Shaanxi

MA XiaoYan1, YANG Yu1, HUAG DongLin1, WANG ZhaoHui1,2, GAO YaJun1, LI YongGang3, LV Hui4   

  1. 1College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi; 2Northwest A&F University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi; 3Fufeng Agriculture Technology Extension Service Center, Fufeng 722200, Shaanxi; 4Fengxiang Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, Fengxiang 721400, Shaanxi
  • Received:2021-03-03 Accepted:2021-05-26 Published:2021-06-23

Abstract: 【Objective】Present study aims to investigate the soil nutrients balance and economic benefits of different rotations with optimal chemical fertilizer application for wheat production, with the purpose of selecting a proper rotation for wheat production with lower fertilizer application and improvement of economic return for local famers.【Method】Field experiments with randomized block design were carried out in Wugong county from 2018 to 2020, including four treatments: corn-wheat rotation with farmer accustomed fertilization (CWF), corn-wheat rotation with recommended fertilization (CWR), green manure-wheat rotation (GWR) and soybean-wheat rotation (BWR). Except for treatment of CWF, fertilizers of rest three treatments were calculated according to the method of soil testing and determining fertilizer recommendations (STDFR). Plants tissues and soil with different depth were sampled for nutrients analysis.【Result】Compared with CWF, with 11.8% reduction of nitrogent and 41.7% reduction of phosphorus, the CWR treatment significantly increased wheat yield, with an average increase of 7.4%, and significantly increased the nitrogen and phosphorus uptake of wheat grain and aboveground shoot, with the increase of 10.1% and 8.9% respectively, and the increase of 9.8% and 6.4% respectively. And CWR treatment decreased the surplus rate of soil N, P and K by 25.1%, 72.3% and 54.4% respectively, and increased the economic benefit by 36%. Among three different rotation, CWR rotation had the highest wheat yield, followed by soybean wheat rotation and green manure wheat rotation. GWR rotation had the lowest surplus ratio of NPK among three treatment with optimal fertilizer application, which was significantly lower than that of CWR and GWR rotation, with the decrease range of 87.3%-92.0%, 41.9%-67.7%, 78.1%-85.3% respectively, and obtained the highest economic return.【Conclusion】Fertilization recommendation by monitoring soil nutrients techniques can not only decrease fertilizer input and production cost, but also increase wheat yield, increase nutrient uptake of wheat grain, reduce surplus rate of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient balance, and thus improve economic benefits. Compared with corn— wheat rotation, soybean wheat rotation not only reduced the input of chemical fertilizer, significantly reduced the surplus of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, but also achieved higher economic benefits. In conclusion, it is recommended that fertilizers application rates should be optimized for corn-wheat rotation in Guanzhong Plain, However, taking into account of economic return and ecological benefit, soybean- wheat rotation is prior choice,for the purpose of decreasing soil nutrients surplus  and enhancing the economic return of farmers.


Key words: fertilizer reduction, corn-wheat rotation, green manure-wheat rotation, soybean-wheat rotation, nutrient balance, economic return

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