黑龙江省水稻恶苗病致病群体

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.02.007

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The objective of this study is to investigate pathogen species and dominant pathogenic fungi of rice bakanae disease in Heilongjiang Province, and to provide a basis for precise prevention and control of rice bakanae disease. 【Method】 In 2023, rice bakanae disease samples were collected from 8 cities and 15 counties (districts) in Heilongjiang Province. A total of 172 single-spore strains were isolated and purified from the samples using tissue separation method and dilution plating method. Morphological identification, combined with multilocus phylogenetic analysis using ITS, RPB2, TEF1-α, LSU, and TUB2, and validation via Koch’s postulates, was used to complete the identification of the pathogen causing rice bakanae disease. 【Result】 172 strains of the pathogenic fungi causing rice bakanae disease were classified into 31 morphotypes based on their morphological characteristics. Multilocus phylogenetic analysis identified 15 genotypes, and the isolated pathogenic fungi included four species complexes: FFSC, FNSC, FOSC, and FIESC. Among them, the dominant pathogenic fungus was Fusarium fujikuroi in the FFSC. A total of 148 strains were obtained, accounting for 86.05% of the total number of isolated strains, and comprising 4 genotypes and 18 morphotypes. Nine strains of Fusarium madaense were also obtained from this species complex, accounting for 5.23% of the total strains, with 1 genotype and 3 morphotypes. In addition, 1 strain of Fusarium subglutinans was identified, representing 0.58% of the total, with 1 genotype and 1 morphotype. In the FIESC, 2 strains of Fusarium wereldwijsianum were obtained, accounting for 1.16% of the total strains, with 2 genotypes and 2 morphotypes; 7 strains of Fusarium ipomoeae were also identified, representing 4.07% of the total, with 5 genotypes and 5 morphotypes. From each of the FNSC and FOSC, 4 strains of Fusarium arbusti and 1 strain of Fusarium cugenangense were obtained, accounting for 2.33% and 0.58% of the total strains, respectively, with 1 genotype and 1 morphotype for each species. All 7 Fusarium species were pathogenic, but with varying degrees of pathogenicity. The dominant pathogenic fungus, F. fujikuroi, caused rice bud rot and etiolation; F. arbusti induced only rice bud rot; F. ipomoeae, F. subglutinans and F. wereldwijsianum inhibited rice growth; F. madaense and F. cugenangense resulted in rice etiolation. 【Conclusion】 The pathogens causing rice bakanae disease in Heilongjiang Province include 7 species: F. fujikuroi, F. madaense, F. ipomoeae, F. arbusti, F. wereldwijsianum, F. subglutinans, and F. cugenangense. Obvious differences exist in pathogenic types and geographical distribution depending on the pathogen species. Of these, F. fujikuroi and F. arbusti exhibited the strongest pathogenicity; F. fujikuroi was detected in all regions of Heilongjiang Province and served as the dominant pathogenic fungus.

Key words: rice, rice bakanae disease, fungal pathogen, dominant pathogen, Heilongjiang Province

LIU TianSheng, LIU GengYuan, ZHAO AnQi, YANG Xu, CAI MingXue, YANG AiWen, LOU MingXuan, LI MuKai, WANG Han, ZHANG YaLing. Pathogenic Population of Rice Bakanae Disease in Heilongjiang Province[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(2): 305-321.

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Figures/Tables 13

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Table 4

Morphology of pathogenic fungi"

菌株编号 Strain number	菌株产生色素 Pigment produced by the strain	菌落形态 Colony morphology	大孢子形态 Macrospore morphology	隔膜数 Spore septum	大孢子大小 Macrospore size
HL06	中心紫色逐渐变浅 The center gradually fades from purple	气生菌丝发达蓬松，呈棉絮状，边缘整齐 Abundant aerial mycelium presents a fluffy, cottony texture and exhibits even margins	镰刀形 Falciform	3-5	(21.63-34.27) μm× (2.99-4.04) μm
MS03	白色 White		微弯，多数两端较钝 Slightly curved, mostly with blunt ends	0-2	(9.23-20.01) μm× (1.89-3.01) μm
MS04	淡紫色 Pale purple		不弯或微弯，长梭形 Straight or slightly curved, fusiform	3-5	(27.23-43.52) μm× (4.08-4.45) μm
LB02	淡黄色 Pale yellow		一端渐尖一端微钝 Acutely tapered at one end and slightly obtuse at the other	3-5	(14.01-19.82) μm× (2.22-2.73) μm
DF12	橙色 Orange		长梭形或两端微弯 Fusiform or slightly curved at both ends	3-5	(18.49-41.81) μm× (2.16-3.47) μm
LJ07	中心橙色，向外黄色 The center is orange with a yellow periphery		长梭形 Fusiform	3-5	(28.18-38.60) μm× (3.83-4.20) μm
HL09	中心紫色，向外淡黄色 The center is purple with a pale yellow periphery		微弯，两端较钝 Slightly curved with blunt ends	3-5	(28.94-43.43) μm× (3.14-3.93) μm
LB01	中心橙色，向外黄色 The center is orange with a yellow periphery		长梭形或两端微弯 Fusiform or slightly curved at both ends	3-5	(17.74-34.97) μm× (2.53-3.83) μm
RH11	中心深紫色，向外逐渐变白 A deep purple core gradually transitions to white at the edges	菌丝生长均匀，气生菌丝发达致密接近颗粒状，边缘整齐 The mycelium grows evenly, with dense, nearly granular aerial mycelia and a well- defined margin	长梭形 Fusiform	3-5	(33.60-41.53) μm× (1.82-3.28) μm
HL15	淡黄色 Pale yellow		长梭形，两端较钝 Fusiform with blunt ends	0-1	(23.02-27.12) μm× (2.67-3.39) μm
DF10	中心橙色，向外黄色 The center is orange with a yellow periphery		长梭形，两端较钝 Fusiform with blunt ends	0-3	(14.06-36.36) μm× (2.65-4.00) μm
MS10	中心深紫色向外变浅 A deep purple center gradually fades toward the edges	菌丝红色，表面有纹理，呈绒毛状 The mycelium is red, with a textured surface and a velvety appearance	两端较钝，一端微弯 Blunt-ended, slightly curved at one end	3-5	(22.01-34.95) μm× (3.08-3.40) μm
MS01	紫红色 Fuchsia	中心隆起，边缘平整 The center is raised and the margins are flat	长梭形 Fusiform	1-3	(20.56-33.49) μm× (2.62-3.78) μm
RH07	中心深紫色，向外白色 The center is deep purple with a white periphery	中心隆起，边缘平整 The center is raised and the margins are flat	一端较钝，一端微弯渐尖 Blunt at one end, gradually tapered and slightly curved at the other	3-5	(19.70-30.29) μm× (2.80-3.53) μm
DF11	黄色 Yellow	菌丝细密呈绒毛状并微微隆起，边缘菌丝略稀疏但整齐 The mycelium is fine, velvety and slightly raised, with the margin mycelium being slightly sparse but neat	饱满，一端圆润 Plump and round at one end	1-3	(11.06-25.20) μm× (3.18-3.99) μm
HL26	紫色 Purple		长梭形，两端较钝 Fusiform with blunt ends	不明显Not clear	(15.38-23.98) μm× (2.95-3.35) μm
HL33	中心紫色，边缘大部分浅黄色 The center is purple with a mostly pale yellow margin	菌丝浓密，呈绒毛状，边缘呈轻微波浪状 The mycelium is dense, velvety, and has a slightly undulated margin	镰刀形 Falciform	1-5	(11.56-36.94) μm× (1.82-3.88) μm
HL03	中心紫色，向外黄色 The center is purple with a yellow periphery	菌丝短且致密，边缘整齐 The mycelium is short and dense, with a neat margin	微弯 Slightly curved	3-5	(19.00-30.69) μm× (3.10-4.88) μm
LF09	中心橙色向外变浅 An orange core gradually lightens toward the edges	中间密呈毡状，有高度 The middle is dense and felt-like, with a certain height	微弯，两端渐尖或较钝 Slightly curved, with both ends gradually pointed or relatively blunt	1-4	(9.26-19.77) μm× (2.04-3.82) μm
LF03	橙黄色 Orange-yellow	菌丝稀疏蓬松，呈放射状 The mycelial growth exhibits a sparse, fluffy texture and a radial arrangement	两端较钝 Both ends are relatively blunt	0-2	(17.06-24.53) μm× (2.75-3.15) μm
LF14	黄色 Yellow	生长速度慢，菌丝细密呈毡状，中心高四周低 The growth rate is slow, the mycelium is fine and felt-like, with a higher center and lower margin	微弯，两端渐尖 Slightly curved, with both ends gradually pointed	1-3	(11.02-34.42) μm× (2.75-3.15) μm
HSB04	白色 White	菌丝稀疏 Mycelial growth is sparse	一端微弯 Slightly curved at one end	3-5	(21.18-49.57) μm× (2.07-4.81) μm
AD04	棕色 Brown	菌丝浓密呈毡状，生长速度慢 The mycelium is dense, felt-like, and exhibits a slow growth rate	微弯，两端渐尖 Slightly curved, with both ends gradually pointed	1-3	(10.57-30.37) μm× (2.89-3.15) μm
JH04	橙色 Orange	菌丝橙色，有高度 The mycelium is orange in color, forming a raised structure	镰刀形 Falciform	3-5	(18.87-34.89) μm× (1.76-4.23) μm
JH03	淡黄色 Pale yellow	菌丝较茂密，呈羊毛状 The mycelial growth exhibits a fairly dense, woolly texture	—	—	—
HL34	白色 White	菌丝杂乱交织 The mycelium grows in a dense, tangled, and interwoven manner	大孢子微弯，产生厚垣孢子 Macroconidia slightly curved, forming chlamydospores	1-5	(13.15-38.99) μm× (2.00-3.30) μm
HL20	中心棕色向外变浅 A brown core gradually lightens toward the edges	中心棕色，菌丝茂密较长 A dense growth of elongated mycelium is noted in the brown central region	镰刀形 Falciform	3-5	(25.36-45.08) μm× (3.15-4.45) μm
WK01	淡黄色 Pale yellow	菌丝淡黄色 The mycelium appears light yellow	微弯 Slightly curved	2-4	(12.67-34.94) μm× (2.80-4.59) μm
HL18	紫色 Purple	紫红色菌丝，边缘白色 Fuchsia mycelium is observed, exhibiting a white margin	微弯，两端渐尖 Slightly curved, with both ends gradually pointed	1-4	(11.67-31.65) μm× (2.23-2.93) μm
HL14	淡黄色 Pale yellow	整体高，中间菌丝乱 It is generally elevated with tangled mycelia in the center	微弯或不弯，两端较钝 Slightly bent or not bent at all, with both ends being relatively blunt	0-1	(16.11-30.58) μm× (1.75-2.41) μm
WK03	中心橙色向外变浅 The orange center gradually lightens toward the edges	生长速度较慢，菌丝蓬松 The growth rate is slow, the mycelium is fluffy	长梭形，较长 Elongated fusiform	0-4	(23.44-61.35) μm× (1.82-3.30) μm

Table 4

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Table 5

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基因Gene	引物Primer	序列Sequence (5′-3′)	PCR反应程序PCR amplification procedure
ITS	ITS1	TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG	94 ℃ 2 min; 94 ℃ 30 s, 55 ℃ 30 s, 72 ℃ 30 s, 35 cycles; 72 ℃ 10 min
ITS	ITS4	TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC
TEF1-α	EF1	ATGGGTAAGGAAGACAAGAC	94 ℃ 2 min; 94 ℃ 1 min, 55 ℃ 1 min, 72 ℃ 1 min, 35 cycles; 72 ℃ 10 min
TEF1-α	EF2	GGAAGTACCAGTGATCATGTT
TUB2	T1	AACATGCGTGAGATTGTAAGT	94 ℃ 2 min; 94 ℃ 35 s, 52 ℃ 55 s, 72 ℃ 2 min, 35 cycles; 72 ℃ 10 min
TUB2	T22	TCTGGATGTTGTTGGGAATCC
LSU	LSU1	CTTTTGATGCGGTGCCTTCC	94 ℃ 5 min; 94 ℃ 45 s, 55 ℃ 45 s, 72 ℃ 105 s, 35 cycles; 72 ℃ 5 min
LSU	LSU2	TACGCGTAGGGGTTTGACAC
RPB2	5f2	GGGGWGAYCAGAAGAAGGC	94 ℃ 5 min; 94 ℃ 15 s, 50 ℃ 45 s, 72 ℃ 45 s, 35 cycles; 72 ℃ 5 min
RPB2	7cr	CCCATRGCTTGYTTRCCCAT

菌株编号 Strain number	复合种 Species complex	物种 Species	GenBank编号GenBank number
菌株编号 Strain number	复合种 Species complex	物种 Species	ITS	RPB2	LSU	TEF1-α	TUB2
CBS221.76	FFSC	藤仓镰孢Fusarium fujikuroi	AB725607	KU604255	KU604096	AB725605	AB725606
CBS130308	FOSC	Fusarium cugenangense	MW827607	MH484920	MH877308	MH485011	MH485102
CBS747.97	FFSC	Fusarium subglutinans	U34559	JX171599	—	HM057336	MW402351
LC13614	FFSC	Fusarium madaense	MW016405	MW474391	—	MW580445	MW533727
GUCC197425.1	FIESC	Fusarium radicigenum	OR034266	OR043852	—	OR043908	OR043953
CGMCC3.19493	FIESC	Fusarium arcuatisporum	MK280802	MK289739	—	MK289584	MW533837
GUCC190154.1	FNSC	Fusarium arbusti	MZ724826	OR043837	—	OR043893	OR043940
Indo174	FIESC	Fusarium ipomoeae	LS479418	LS479861	LS479891	—	—
NL19-057012	FIESC	Fusarium wereldwijsianum	MZ890508	MZ921719	MZ890364	—	—
CBS173.57	—	Curvularia hawaiiensis	MH857687.1	LT715683.1	MH869226.1	KT021343.1	KT021342.1

菌株编号 Strain number	各基因登录号Gene accession number
菌株编号 Strain number	ITS	TEF1-α	TUB2	RPB2	LSU
JH04	NMDCN00092TE	NMDCN00092UR	NMDCN00092UC	NMDCN00092TT	NMDCN00092UT
HL34	NMDCN00092TD	NMDCN00092UQ	NMDCN00092UB	NMDCN00092TS	NMDCN00092UU
HL20	NMDCN00092TC	NMDCN00092UP	NMDCN00092UA	NMDCN00092TR	NMDCN00092UV
WK01	NMDCN00092TB	NMDCN00092UO	NMDCN00092U9	NMDCN00092TQ	NMDCN00092V0
JH03	NMDCN00092TA	NMDCN00092UN	NMDCN00092U8	NMDCN00092TP	NMDCN00092V1
AD04	NMDCN00092T9	NMDCN00092UM	NMDCN00092U7	NMDCN00092TO	NMDCN00092V2
HSB04	NMDCN00092T8	NMDCN00092UL	NMDCN00092U6	NMDCN00092TN	NMDCN00092V3
HL18	NMDCN00092T7	NMDCN00092UK	NMDCN00092U5	NMDCN00092TM	—
HL14	NMDCN00092T6	NMDCN00092UJ	NMDCN00092U4	NMDCN00092TL	—
WK03	NMDCN00092T5	NMDCN00092UI	NMDCN00092U3	NMDCN00092TK	—
LF09	NMDCN00092T4	NMDCN00092UH	NMDCN00092U2	NMDCN00092TJ	—
MS04	NMDCN00092T3	NMDCN00092UG	NMDCN00092U1	NMDCN00092TI	—
LJ07	NMDCN00092T2	NMDCN00092UF	NMDCN00092U0	NMDCN00092TH	—
HL09	NMDCN00092T1	NMDCN00092UE	NMDCN00092TV	NMDCN00092TG	—
LB02	NMDCN00092T0	NMDCN00092UD	NMDCN00092TU	NMDCN00092TF	—

Pathogenic Population of Rice Bakanae Disease in Heilongjiang Province

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