小麦新品种淮麦33的遗传构成分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.17.001

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 Huaimai33 is a new wheat cultivar featuring high yield and good adaptation, which was derived from a cross between Yannong19 and Zhengmai991. In this study, the genetic contributions of the two parent cultivars to Huaimai33 were determined by comparing their agronomical performance and genome composition. 【Method】 The grain yield, quality traits, and high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) composition of Huaimai33 and its parents were evaluated. The parental origins of Huaimai33 chromosomal segments were identified using 625 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, and the segments were analyzed for their effects on yield and yield-related traits by linking them to known quantitative trait loci (QTLs) reported in previous studies. 【Result】 The spike number per square meter and thousand grain weight of Huaimai33 were between those of Yannong19 and Zhengmai991; in contrast, Huaimai33 showed significantly higher grains per spike and plot yield than both of its parents. The plant height of Huaimai33 was significantly lower compared with Yannong19. The HMW-GS composition of Huaimai33 was 1, 17+18, and 2+12, among which the 1 and 17+18 subunits were derived from female parent Yannong19 and the 2+12 subunit was derived from the male parent Zhengmai991. SSR marker analysis showed that the two parents contributed differently to the genome of Huaimai33; that is, 73.9% of the Huaimai33 genome originated from Yannong19, and 26.1% from Zhengmai991. Huaimai33 therefore was highly similar to Yannong19, with a genetic similarity coefficient of 0.78. Furthermore, Yannong19 contributed more to Huaimai33 than Zhengmai991 in subgenomes A (75.1%), B (69.4%) and D (68.7%). This was also the case at the level of individual chromosomes with the exception of 6A. In particular, chromosome 2A in its entirety, and over 90% each of chromosomes 1A, 3A, 2B, 3B, and 4B were conferred by Yannong19. Of the Huaimai33 chromosomal segments greater than 5 cM in size, 34 segments came from Yannong19 and only 7 from Zhengmai991. Chromosome 2D contains the most segments from Yannong19 of all chromosomes, whereas 5A holds the most from Zhengmai991. Interestingly, Huaimai33 had 38 loci that were absent in both parents, which were distributed on chromosomes 1B, 1D, 2A, 2B, 2D, 3A, 3B, 3D, 4A, 4B, 5A, 5B, 6B, 6D, and 7A. Based on marker-trait associations identified in previous studies, 10 genomic regions in Huaimai33 were associated with effects on yield and yield-related traits. Of these regions, 6 were contributed by Yannong19 (on chromosomes 1A, 2D, 3B, 4B, 4D, and 7A), 3 by Zhengmai991 (on chromosomes 4A and 5A), and the last was Huaimai33 specific (on chromosome 6D). 【Conclusion】 Defining the genetic composition of Huaimai33 showed that the genome fractions of the parent Yannong19 were maintained more frequently than Zhengmai991 during development. The chromosomal segments from different parents on grain yield had been found. This would improve our understanding of how to develop elite cultivars and their key agronomical traits through breeding.

Key words: Huaimai 33, high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit, SSR markers, genetic components

YANG ZiBo, WANG AnBang, LENG SuFeng, GU ZhengZhong, ZHOU YangMei. Genetic Analysis of the Novel High-Yielding Wheat Cultivar Huaimai33[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(17): 3237-3248.

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