黄土塬区冬小麦产量及水分利用效率对播前底墒变化与生育期差别供水的响应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.18.011

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】A field experiment was carried out to study the influence of soil water storage before sowing and different water supplies (precipitation + supplemental irrigation) during a growing period on wheat yield, water consumption and water use efficiency, to reveal the regulation mechanism of effective utilization of limited water resources in farmland, and to make clear the achievable level of dryland production potential of winter wheat under the existing measures in the Loess Tableland.【Method】Field experimental plots were designed as follows, based on different soil water contents achieved by either covering the plot or growing a crop in the summer fallow period. (1) In order to analyze the response of wheat yield and water use efficiency to the change of soil water storage before sowing, four rain-fed treatments with different soil water storage levels were formed in the whole growth period of winter wheat. The water storage in 2 m soil profile changed in the range of 350 - 550 mm.（2）Under the same average soil water storage of 500 mm, 3 respective treatments with one time irrigation of 40 mm at jointing stage, booting stage or filling stage were applied to explore different responses of equal irrigation at different growth stages of winter wheat.（3）Under the high water storage levels of 542.3 mm and 571.6 mm, treatments of 2 times and 4 times irrigation were carried out, respectively, to study the possible increase of winter wheat yield and the features of water use efficiency under low water stress.【Result】(1) Under the seasonal distribution of precipitation characteristics of Loess Plateau, the soil water storage before sowing had a decisive effect on wheat yield, and wheat yield increases linearly with the soil water storage. When soil water is well conserved in the summer fallow period, the yield of winter wheat in dryland farming can reach 88% - 90% level of wheat yields under sufficient water supply.（2）Compared with the treatment of 500 mm water storage in the 2 m soil profile and no supplemental irrigation, per increase of 40 mm water supply yield increased by 11.8% for the soil water storage increase, followed by irrigation at the jointing stage and booting stage respectively. However, no significant differences between the three treatments were detected. The winter wheat yield of the treatment with higher soil water storage before sowing and 2 times irrigation in both the jointing stage and booting stage reached a high yield level in the test years with a high WUE. (3) There was a Logistic relationship between yield and water consumption. With the increase of water consumption, the yield increased fast at first and then slowly; the marginal water use efficiency (MWUE) declined continuously; WUE showed three stages of change: rising, peak and falling; and the water consumption at the maximum WUE was less than that at the maximum yield. 【Conclusion】Under the climate condition of the Loess Plateau, both the soil water storage before sowing and different water supply during a growing period influenced the yield of winter wheat. Equal incremental water supply by soil water storage or irrigation in different growth periods had basically the same effect on yield when the total water supply was the same. The relationship between yield and water consumption of winter wheat could be simulated by a Logistic curve model that can be used to reveal the intrinsic relationships among yield, water consumption and WUE.

Key words: soil water storage before sowing, supplementary irrigation, winter wheat yield, water consumption, water use efficiency, Loess Plateau

LI Chao, LIU WenZhao, LIN Wen, HAN XiaoYang, ZHOU Ling, WANG YaPing. Grain Yield and WUE Responses to Different Soil Water Storage Before Sowing and Water Supplies During Growing Period for Winter Wheat in the Loess Tableland[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(18): 3549-3560.

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