长期施用不同肥料塿土PLFA指纹特征

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.01.009

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 The changes of soil microbial community structure and activity are the key indicators for evaluating soil fertility. It is important to study the effects of long-term different fertilizations and soil managements on soil microbial community structure for fertilization and soil management, and even on the sustainable utilization of farmland of the anthropogenic loess soil.【Method】This research was based on the long-term trial of “National Monitoring Base of Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Efficiency on Loess Soil” in Yangling, Shaanxi province. Soil samples were collected from treatments as farmland without fertilization (CK), farmland with N fertilizer (N), N and K fertilizer (NK), P and K fertilizer (PK), N and P fertilizer (NP), and NPK plus cattle manure (MNPK), fallow land (FL) and abandoned land (AB). The effects of long-term fertilization and soil management on soil microbial community structure and its relationship with basic soil physio-chemical properties were studied by PLFA and routine analysis. 【Result】Compared to CK, total PLFAs, bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes PLFAs of MNPK, NP and AB were increased by 218.8%, 73.9% and 74.3%, 188.3%, 80.8% and 82.6%, 315.8%, 111.5% and 167.0%, 23.7%, 21.3% and 16.3%, respectively, and also the fungi/bacteria ratio (F/B) was significantly increased. Total PLFAs, bacteria, fungi of N, NK and PK were not significantly different, but PK reduced actinomycetes PLFAs significantly. Compared to farmland soil, FL and AB inhibited the growth of G⁺ and G^- significantly. Shannon-Winner richness index (H), Simpson dominance index (S), Pielou evenness index (J) and richness index (S) were all the highest in MNPK, and the lowest in FL. AB and NP could also increase Shannon-Winner richness index (H) and Pielou evenness index (J) significantly. The result of principal component analysis showed that MNPK, AB, NP and FL could significantly change soil microbial community structure. MNPK could increase the abundance value of G^- (18:1ω5c, cy19:0ω7c), (16:0, 10Me22:0 saturated fatty acid) and eukaryot (18:3ω6c, 16:3ω6c, 22:2ω6c). AB and NP could also increase the abundance values of bacteria (15:0, 18:0, 22:0, 17:0 saturated fatty acid). The result of redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the importance of soil properties for microbial growth in the order were as organic matter＞total nitrogen＞soil moisture＞Olsen-P＞pH＞bulk density＞available-K, which are all important for microbial growth.【Conclusion】Farmland with NPK fertilizer plus manure, NP fertilizer and abandoned land could improve the diversity of soil microbial community structure, thus improving the ecological environment of soil, while long-term absolute bare fallow had a negative impact on soil health.

Key words: anthropogenic loess soil, long-term fertilization, soil management, microbial community structure, PLFA

GUO Yun, SUN BenHua, WANG Ying, WEI Jing, GAO MingXia, ZHANG ShuLan, YANG XueYun. PLFA Fingerprint Characteristics of An Anthropogenic Loess Soil Under Long-Term Different Fertilizations[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(1): 94-103.

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