木质素与生物燃料生产：降低含量或解除束缚？

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.02.03

Abstract

Abstract: Biomass energy from renewable resources has been considered an alternative source of energy, and the growing contribution of biomass to the world energy also gives a new way to solve the problems such as global warming, the soaring fuel costs and environmental pollution. Lignocellulose is the main component of plant cell walls and is also one of the most abundant renewable resources on earth. Lignocellulosic biomass is principally composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, which can be converted into liquid biofuels such as bioethanol. The linkages between lignin and carbohydrates (hemicellulose and cellulose) are formed by ester, ether and glycosidic types of bonds, which formed a kind of covalently bonded aggregates called lignin-carbohydrate complex. The compositions of biomass and interaction of these components in the cell wall affect the hydrolysis of carbohydrates, and then determine the efficiency of lignocelluosic biomass utilization. Although lignin is one of the most abundant components in the lignocellulosic biomass besides polysaccharides, it has been considered as a physical barrier to prevent enzyme access to cellulose structure. Therefore, to improve the biomass production in the field and the effects of the factory conversions of biomass into biofuel are the two most concerned issues. That is, how to improve the utilization of lignin efficiency has been becoming a hot issue of biorefinery in biomass energy development. In this paper, the characteristics of development and sedimentary of lignin in plant cell walls, genetic improvement and genetic modification of lignin trait in bioenergy crops have been systematically reviewed, which is mainly from the point of view of cutting the lignin to enhance the overall lignocellulosic biorefinery. To select low-lignin-content energy crops, considerable genetic improvements can be expected through traditional breeding program or down regulation the levels of enzymes involved in the reactions specific for lignin monomer synthesis, which would reduce the amount of chemicals and energy used in pretreatment in lignocellulosic biorefinery. Furthermore, to explore the optimization of lignocellulose characters and the possibility of increased biofuel production rate, the technological means of biological refining pretreatment, transformation and biofuel production have been discussed for overcoming the cost barrier of lignocellulosic biomass utilization in the purpose of loosening lignin’s grip. Several different pretreatment and fractionation processes such as acid, alkaline and organic solvent hydrolysis can be used for treatment of lignocellulosic materials. And successful pretreatment can significantly improve the hydrolysis and increase the yield of bioethanol. In addition, the perspectives on hot issues and biofuel industry involved in studies of lignin were discussed.

Key words: biomass energy, biofuel, lignocellulosic biomass, lignin, biorefinery

WANG Xiao-juan1,2, YANG Yang, ZHANG Xiao-qiang, JIANG Shao-jun, SONG Yu, ZHOU Hai-chen, JIN Liang. To Make Biofuel: Cutting the Lignin or Loosening Lignin’s Grip?[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(2): 229-240.

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