农艺措施对干旱区棉田土壤有机碳及微生物量碳含量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.22.012

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】To reveal the regulatory mechanism of agronomic measures on soil carbon stability of the agro-ecosystem in arid region, an experiment was carried out to study the effects of agricultural practices on soil organic carbon (SOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) of cotton fields, which would a provide theoretical basis for agricultural resources utilization and sustainable development in the oasis arid region.【Method】In this study, the split-split plot design method was used to arrange the treatments during cotton growth period. In the main plot treatment, two irrigation methods were designed: drip irrigation and flood irrigation. The split-plot treatment consisted of two stubble management measures: stubble-incorporated and stubble-removed. The split-split-plot treatment was composed of four fertilizer treatments: organic manure (chicken manure, which was composted before utilization, OM), N P K fertilizer (NPK), combined application of NPK fertilizer and organic manure (NPK+OM), and no fertilization (CK). The soil heterotrophic respiration intensity was measured after emergence of the cotton seedling, and soil samples were collected in the annual cotton harvest period. The soil organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon of cotton fields were measured under different agronomic measures.【Result】Both soil organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon were not significant under the condition of interaction between different agronomic measures (P＞0.05). The soil organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon at 0-20 cm surface soil were the highest, with lower distribution trends as soil layer depth increased of cotton field, and reduced to lowest at 40-60 cm soil layer in the oasis arid region. The soil organic carbon under conventional flood irrigation was 2.5%-3.0% more than that under drip irrigation under mulch, and under stubble incorporation was 2.3%-6.3% more than that under stubble removal, and as compared with CK treatment, the soil organic carbon under NPK+OM fertilization increased by 14.3%-16.8%, and the soil organic carbon of (NPK + OM) and OM treatment were significantly greater than CK and NPK treatment (P＜0.05). The microbial biomass carbon under drip irrigation under mulching was 21.9%-34.3% more than that under conventional flood irrigation method, and under stubble incorporation was 12.1%-29.4% more than that under stubble removal, and as compared with CK treatment, the microbial biomass carbon under NPK+OM fertilization increased by 83.9%-151.0%. The soil microbial quotient (qMB) was larger under drip irrigation under mulching than those under conventional flood irrigation among the irrigation treatments, and the soil microbial quotient was larger with stubble incorporation relative to removal among the stubble treatments, and the soil microbial quotient at 0-40 cm soil layer was larger than that 40-60 cm soil layer among the fertilization treatments, and the soil microbial quotient was the highest under NPK+OM fertilization, and OM, CK, and NPK, respectively. The soil microbial metabolic quotient (qCO₂) was smaller under drip irrigation under mulching than under conventional flood irrigation among the irrigation treatments, and the soil microbial metabolic quotient was smaller with stubble incorporation relative to removal among the stubble treatments, and lowest under NPK+OM fertilization (followed by OM, NPK, and CK) among the fertilization treatments, and the soil microbial metabolic quotient of (NPK + OM) treatment was significantly compared with other fertilization treatments (P＜0.05). Under the conditions of interaction between different agronomic measures, the soil microbial metabolic quotient was the lowest in the NPK+OM treatment with stubble incorporation under drip irrigation under mulching.【Conclusion】In arid region, cotton production using reasonable agronomic measures, such as water saving technology of drip irrigation under mulching, combined with application of NPK fertilizer and organic manure and straw incorporation, could not only further improve soil quality, but are also be conducive to the sustainable utilization of agricultural soils.

Key words: arid region, cotton, agronomic measures, cotton field, soil organic carbon (SOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC)

ZHANG Qian-bing, YANG Ling, ZHANG Wang-feng, LUO Hong-hai, ZHANG Ya-li, WANG Jin. Effects of Agronomic Measures on Soil Organic Carbon and Microbial Carbon Content in Cotton in Arid Region[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(22): 4463-4474.

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