滴灌水肥一体化配施有机肥对土壤N2O排放与酶活性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.20.012

中国农业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (20): 3611-3624.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.20.012

• 专题：温室蔬菜水肥管理 • 上一篇下一篇

滴灌水肥一体化配施有机肥对土壤N₂O排放与酶活性的影响

奚雅静^1,²,汪俊玉^1,²,李银坤³,武雪萍²(),李晓秀¹(),王碧胜²,李生平²,宋霄君²,刘彩彩²

¹ 首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,北京 100037
² 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京 100081
³ 北京农业智能装备技术研究中心,北京 100097

收稿日期:2019-06-03 接受日期:2019-09-02 出版日期:2019-10-16 发布日期:2019-10-28
通讯作者: 武雪萍,李晓秀
作者简介:奚雅静,E-mail：1051794571@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2018YFE0112300);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200408);国家863课题(2013AA102901);国家科技支撑计划课题(2015BAD22B03)

Effects of Drip Irrigation Water and Fertilizer Integration Combined with Organic Fertilizers on Soil N₂O Emission and Enzyme Activity

YaJing XI^1,²,JunYu WANG^1,²,YinKun LI³,XuePing WU²(),XiaoXiu LI¹(),BiSheng WANG²,ShengPing LI²,XiaoJun SONG²,CaiCai LIU²

¹ College of Resources Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100037
² Institute of Agricultural Resource and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081
³ Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing 100097

Received:2019-06-03 Accepted:2019-09-02 Online:2019-10-16 Published:2019-10-28
Contact: XuePing WU,XiaoXiu LI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 通过在有机肥基础上增施不同量无机氮,研究滴灌水肥一体化条件下温室番茄土壤N₂O排放和脲酶（UR）、硝酸还原酶（NR）、亚硝酸还原酶（Ni R）以及羟胺还原酶（Hy R）活性的动态变化,分析各处理土壤N₂O排放特征及土壤UR、NR、Ni R和Hy R活性对土壤N₂O排放的影响,揭示在滴灌水肥一体化下N₂O排放过程机制。【方法】 试验共设CK（不施氮）、N1（200 kg·hm ^-2有机氮）、N2（200 kg·hm ^-2有机氮+ 250 kg·hm ^-2无机氮）、N3（200 kg·hm ^-2有机氮+ 475 kg·hm ^-2无机氮）4个处理。采用静态箱-气相色谱法,对番茄生育期内土壤N₂O排放、土壤酶活性、土壤温湿度等进行监测。【结果】 滴灌水肥一体化,各施氮处理均在施肥+灌溉后第1天出现N₂O排放高峰,随着时间推移不断下降,不同处理番茄整个生育期N₂O排放通量在0.98—1 544.79 μg·m ^-2·h ^-1。土壤N₂O排放总量差异显著,依次为N3（（7.13±0.11）kg·hm ^-2）>N2（（4.87±0.21）kg·hm ^-2）>N1（（2.54±0.17）kg·hm ^-2）>CK（（1.56±0.23）kg·hm ^-2）,与N3相比,处理N1、N2土壤N₂O排放总量分别降低了64.38%、31.70%。番茄生育期内N₂O季节排放特征明显,秋季高,冬季低。土壤氮素转化相关酶活性大致随施氮量的升高而增高。土壤N₂O排放通量与5 cm土壤温度、0—10 cm土层硝态氮含量、土壤NR活性及土壤Hy R活性均呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01）。【结论】 滴灌水肥一体化下,土壤微生物处于好气环境,土壤N₂O主要来自于硝化过程,减少了由反硝化过程所产生的N₂O排放。综合考虑番茄产量、品质、N₂O排放等因素,推荐北方温室秋冬茬番茄施用200 kg·hm ^-2有机氮+250 kg·hm ^-2无机氮,75 kg·hm ^-2 P₂O₅,450 kg·hm ^-2 K₂O较为适宜。

关键词: N₂O排放, 土壤氮素转化相关酶, 滴灌水肥一体化, 温度, 硝态氮, 温室番茄

Abstract:

【Objective】 This paper mainly studied the dynamic changes of soil N₂O emission and the activities of urease (UR), nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (Ni R) and hydroxylamine reductase (Hy R) under the condition of drip irrigation water and fertilizer integration by applying different amounts of inorganic nitrogen to organic nitrogen, and analyzed the soil N₂O emission characteristics of every treatment and the effects of soil UR, NR, Ni R and Hy R activities on soil N₂O emissions, the purpose of this research was to reveal the influence mechanism of N₂O emission process under the integration of drip irrigation water and fertilizer.【Method】 The treatments consisted of CK (no nitrogen application), N1 (200 kg·hm ^-2 organic nitrogen), N2 (200 kg·hm ^-2organic nitrogen + 250 kg·hm ^-2 inorganic nitrogen), and N3 (200 kg·hm ^-2 organic nitrogen + 475 kg·hm ^-2inorganic nitrogen). Using static-chamber method, the soil N₂O emission, enzyme activity, soil temperature and humidity during the growth period of tomato were monitored.【Result】 The integration of water and fertilizer in drip irrigation showed that the N₂O emission peak of every treatment appeared at the first day after fertilization + irrigation, and decreased continuously with the passage of time. The N₂O emission flux range under different treatments was 0.98-1544.79 μg·m ^-2·h ^-1. The total N₂O emissions during the growth period of tomato under different treatments had significant differences among each treatment, which were N3 ((7.13±0.11) kg·hm ^-2) >N2 ((4.87±0.21) kg·hm ^-2) >N1 ((2.54±0.17) kg·hm ^-2) >CK ((1.56±0.23) kg·hm ^-2). Compared with N3, the total soil N₂O emissions from N1 and N2 decreased by 64.38% and 31.70%, respectively. During the growth period of tomato, the characteristics of seasonal emission of N₂O changed obviously, which revealed high in autumn and low in winter. The activity of soil nitrogen-related enzymes increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. The soil N₂O flux was positively correlated with 5 cm soil temperature, 0-10 cm soil nitrate nitrogen content, soil NR activity and soil Hy R activity (P＜0.01).【Conclusion】 Under the integration of drip irrigation and water and fertilizer, soil N₂O mainly came from the nitrification process, which reduced the N₂O emissions generated by the denitrification process. Considering the factors such as tomato yield, quality and N₂O emission, it was recommended to apply 200 kg·hm ^-2organic nitrogen +250 kg·hm ^-2 inorganic nitrogen, 75 kg·hm ^-2 P₂O₅ and 450 kg·hm ^-2 K₂O in northern greenhouse autumn-winter tomato.

Key words: N₂O emissions, soil nitrogen invertase, drip irrigation water and fertilizer integration, temperature, nitrate nitrogen, greenhouse tomato

奚雅静,汪俊玉,李银坤,武雪萍,李晓秀,王碧胜,李生平,宋霄君,刘彩彩. 滴灌水肥一体化配施有机肥对土壤N₂O排放与酶活性的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(20): 3611-3624.

YaJing XI,JunYu WANG,YinKun LI,XuePing WU,XiaoXiu LI,BiSheng WANG,ShengPing LI,XiaoJun SONG,CaiCai LIU. Effects of Drip Irrigation Water and Fertilizer Integration Combined with Organic Fertilizers on Soil N₂O Emission and Enzyme Activity[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(20): 3611-3624.

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参考文献 66

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土层 Soil depth (cm)	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	硝态氮 NO₃^--N (mg·kg^-1)	电导率 Electrical conductivity (μS·cm^-1)	容重 Bulk density (g·cm^-3)
0-20	15.4	1.55	14.87	276	1.354
20-40			12.80	278	1.517
40-60			22.25	348	1.485
60-80			70.25	360	1.361
80-100			98.68	392	1.424

处理 Treatment	排放总量 Total emissions (kg·hm^-2)	排放系数 Emission coefficient (%)
CK	1.56±0.23d	-
N1	2.54±0.17c	0.49
N2	4.87±0.21b	0.83
N3	7.13±0.11a	0.89

	5 cm土温 5 cm soil temperature	土壤含水量 Soil water content	0-10 cm土层硝态氮含量 Nitrate nitrogen content in 0-10 cm soil layer	0-10 cm土层铵态氮含量 Ammonium nitrogen content in 0-10 cm soil layer
CK	0.278	0.134	0.124	0.102
N1	0.319**	0.158	0.506**	0.155
N2	0.401**	0.237	0.766**	0.351
N3	0.445**	0.352	0.820**	0.512**

	N₂O排放通量 N₂O emission flux	UR活性 UR activity	NR活性 NR activity	Ni R活性 Ni R activity	Hy R活性 Hy R activity
N₂O排放通量 N₂O emission flux	1	-0.055	0.516**	0.163	0.757**
UR活性 UR activity		1	0.704**	0.843**	0.567**
NR活性 NR activity			1	0.605**	0.712**
Ni R活性 Ni R activity				1	0.566**
Hy R活性 Hy R activity					1

滴灌水肥一体化配施有机肥对土壤N₂O排放与酶活性的影响

Effects of Drip Irrigation Water and Fertilizer Integration Combined with Organic Fertilizers on Soil N₂O Emission and Enzyme Activity

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