地膜覆盖麦田土壤有机碳矿化特征及其温度敏感性

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.21.011

中国农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (21): 4611-4622.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.21.011

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

地膜覆盖麦田土壤有机碳矿化特征及其温度敏感性

曹寒冰^1,²(),谢钧宇^1,²,刘菲¹,高健永¹,王楚涵¹,王仁杰³,谢英荷¹,李廷亮^1,^*()

¹山西农业大学资源环境学院/省部共建有机旱作农业国家重点实验室（筹）,太原 030031
²土壤环境与养分资源山西省重点实验室,太原 030031
³全国蔬菜质量标准中心,山东潍坊 262700

收稿日期:2021-07-26 接受日期:2021-09-16 出版日期:2021-11-01 发布日期:2021-11-09
通讯作者: 李廷亮
作者简介:联系方式：曹寒冰,E-mail： caohanbing119@163.com。
基金资助:
山西农业大学省部共建有机旱作农业国家重点实验室自主研发项目(202105D121008-1-13);黄土高原特色作物优质高效生产省部共建协同创新中心基金项目(SBGJXTZX-25);山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2021L164);国家自然科学基金(41807102);国家自然科学基金(U1710255-3);山西省土壤环境与养分资源重点实验室开放基金项目(2019003);山西省土壤环境与养分资源重点实验室开放基金项目(2020001);山西农业大学科技创新基金(青年科技创新)项目(2019004);山西农业大学科技创新基金(博士科研启动)(2020BQ50);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200401);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503124)

Mineralization Characteristics of Soil Organic Carbon and Its Temperature Sensitivity in Wheat Field Under Film Mulching

CAO HanBing^1,²(),XIE JunYu^1,²,LIU Fei¹,GAO JianYong¹,WANG ChuHan¹,WANG RenJie³,XIE YingHe¹,LI TingLiang^1,^*()

¹College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in preparation), Taiyuan 030031
²Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030031
³National Vegetable Quality Standards Center, Weifang 262700, Shandong;

Received:2021-07-26 Accepted:2021-09-16 Online:2021-11-01 Published:2021-11-09
Contact: TingLiang LI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】明确旱地土壤有机碳矿化对地膜长期覆盖的响应及有机碳矿化的温度敏感性,进而深入理解土壤有机碳的转化与稳定机制,为旱地土壤培肥和作物增产提供理论支撑。【方法】在黄土高原东南部2012年开始的旱地小麦田间地膜覆盖试验的基础上,采集不同覆盖栽培模式（常规施肥（不覆膜）、测控施肥（不覆膜）、垄膜沟播（覆膜）、平膜穴播（覆膜））试验的0—20 cm土层土壤样品,采用不同温度（15、25和35℃）进行室内有机碳矿化培养实验。在培养后的第1、3、5、7、14、21、28、35和42天运用碱液吸收法测定土壤有机碳矿化速率,结合双库指数模型拟合土壤活性和惰性有机碳库的容量及其分解速率,研究地膜覆盖对土壤有机碳矿化特征的影响及有机碳矿化对温度变化的响应规律。【结果】温度升高显著提高了土壤有机碳矿化速率、累积矿化量和惰性有机碳库（Cs）的矿化量,但是显著降低了温度敏感性系数（Q₁₀）和活化能（Ea）。25℃和35℃时土壤有机碳矿化速率和累积矿化量均无显著差异,分别为15℃时的2倍,Cs的矿化量分别较15℃时提高了93.4%和105.3%。但是Q₁₀（25-35℃）比Q₁₀（15-25℃）降低了19.3%,Ea（25-35℃）比Ea（15-25℃）同步降低了68.0%。地膜覆盖显著提高了土壤有机碳累积矿化量、Q₁₀、Ea以及Cs的矿化量。同常规施肥相比,垄膜沟播和平膜穴播均显著提高了土壤有机碳累积矿化量,增幅分别为26.5%—38.6%（25℃）和27.8%—64.4%（35℃）,且以平膜穴播提升幅度最大;平膜穴播处理亦显著提高了Q₁₀和Ea,其中Q₁₀增幅分别为28.5%（15—25℃）和25.8%（25—35℃）,Ea增幅分别为93.4%和193.1%;平膜穴播处理还显著提高了Cs的矿化量,增幅达115.8%—2 208.2%。【结论】黄土高原旱地麦田土壤上地膜覆盖加速了土壤有机碳矿化,尤其是平膜穴播,主要通过增加惰性有机碳库的矿化,进而显著提高了土壤有机碳累积矿化量及其温度敏感性。

关键词: 旱地, 土壤有机碳矿化, 温度敏感性, 惰性有机碳库, 平膜穴播

Abstract:

【Objective】Clarify the response of dryland soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization to long-term film mulching and its temperature sensitivity, and further understand the transformation and stabilization mechanism of SOC, providing theoretical support for dryland soil fertility and crop productivity. 【Method】Based on the dryland wheat field mulching experiment that began in 2012 in the southeastern of the Loess Plateau, soil samples of 0-20 cm layer for different mulching cultivation modes (farmer’s practice fertilization (no film mulching), monitoring fertilization (no film mulching), monitoring fertilization plus ridge mulching-furrow planting (mulching), and monitoring fertilization plus whole field film (mulching)) were collected, and then the soil samples were incubated at different temperatures (15, 25 and 35℃). The lye absorption method was used to determine the SOC mineralization rate at the 1^st, 3^rd, 5^th, 7^th, 14^th, 21^st, 28^th, 35^th and 42^th days after incubation, combined with two component model to fit the cumulative mineralization and decomposition rate of soil active and recalcitrant organic carbon pool, investigate the effect of film mulching on SOC mineralization characteristics and the response of SOC mineralization to temperature.【Result】The results showed that the increasing temperature had significantly increased SOC mineralization rate, cumulative mineralization and the mineralization amount of recalcitrant organic carbon pool (Cs), but markedly decreased the temperature sensitivity (Q₁₀) and activation energy (Ea). The mineralization rate and cumulative mineralization of SOC at 25℃ and 35℃ were about twice that at 15℃, and the mineralization of Cs increased by 93.4% and 105.3% respectively compared with that at 15℃. But Q₁₀ (25-35℃) is 19.3% lower than Q₁₀ (15-25℃), and Ea (25-35℃) is 68.0% lower than Ea (15-25℃). Plastic film mulching significantly increased the SOC cumulative mineralization, the mineralization of Q₁₀, Ea and Cs. Compared with farmer fertilization treatment, both monitoring fertilization plus ridge mulching-furrow planting and monitoring fertilization plus whole field film treatments had significantly increased the SOC cumulative mineralization by 26.5%-38.6% (25℃) and 27.8%-64.4% (35℃), respectively, while monitoring fertilization plus whole field film treatment had the largest improvement. The monitoring fertilization plus whole field film treatment had also significantly increased Q₁₀ by 28.5% (15-25℃) and 25.8% (25-35℃) and Ea by 93.4% and 193.1%, respectively. Furthermore, monitoring fertilization plus whole field film treatment had markedly increased the mineralization amount of Cs by 115.8%-2 208.2%. 【Conclusion】Therefore, film mulching accelerated the SOC mineralization in the dryland wheat field of the Loess Plateau, especially for monitoring fertilization plus whole filed filming treatment mainly increased the mineralization of recalcitrant organic carbon pool, and then significantly increased the cumulative mineralization of SOC and its temperature sensitivity.

Key words: dryland, soil organic carbon mineralization, temperature sensitivity, recalcitrant organic carbon pool, monitoring fertilization plus whole filed filming

曹寒冰,谢钧宇,刘菲,高健永,王楚涵,王仁杰,谢英荷,李廷亮. 地膜覆盖麦田土壤有机碳矿化特征及其温度敏感性[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(21): 4611-4622.

CAO HanBing,XIE JunYu,LIU Fei,GAO JianYong,WANG ChuHan,WANG RenJie,XIE YingHe,LI TingLiang. Mineralization Characteristics of Soil Organic Carbon and Its Temperature Sensitivity in Wheat Field Under Film Mulching[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(21): 4611-4622.

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处理 Treatment	2012—2013	2013—2014	2014—2015	2015—2016	2016—2017	2017—2018	2018—2019
常规施肥FP	150-60-0	150-60-0	150-60-0	150-60-0	150-60-0	150-60-0	150-60-0
测控施肥MF	125-105-41	95-64-32	105-52-30	90-53-45	91-75-32	56-111-29	85-92-17
垄膜沟播PF	125-105-41	95-64-32	105-52-30	90-53-45	91-75-32	56-111-29	85-92-17
平膜穴播FH	125-105-41	95-64-32	105-52-30	90-53-45	91-75-32	56-111-29	85-92-17

处理 Treatment	pH	全氮 TN (g·kg^-1)	硝态氮 NO₃-N (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 AP (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 AK (mg·kg^-1)
常规施肥FP	8.1a	1.06a	4.6a	17.4a	220.4a
测控施肥MF	8.0a	0.83b	5.6a	33.8a	215.5a
垄膜沟播RF	8.0a	0.82b	5.2a	28.5a	258.6a
平膜穴播FH	7.9a	0.79b	4.9a	28.0a	254.6a

变异来源 Source of variation	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Degree of freedom	均方 Mean square	F值 F value	P值 P value
温度 Temperature (T)	0.0154	2	0.0077	6.1986	0.0030
覆膜 Film mulching (F)	0.0028	3	0.0009	0.7607	0.5191
温度×覆膜T×F	0.0032	6	0.0005	0.4266	0.8594

变异来源 Source of variation	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Degree of freedom	均方 Mean square	F值 F value	P值 P value
温度 Temperature (T)	4.8955	2	2.4478	94.1171	0.0001
覆膜 Film mulching (F)	1.2566	3	0.4189	16.1060	0.0001
温度×覆膜 T×F	1.1187	6	0.1864	7.1688	0.0001

处理 Treatment	Ea (kg·mol^-1)
处理 Treatment	15-25℃	25-35℃
常规施肥FP	21.0b	8.2b
测控施肥MF	33.9ab	19.9ab
垄膜沟播RF	22.3b	17.9ab
平膜穴播FH	40.6a	24.0a

地膜覆盖麦田土壤有机碳矿化特征及其温度敏感性

Mineralization Characteristics of Soil Organic Carbon and Its Temperature Sensitivity in Wheat Field Under Film Mulching

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	变异来源 Source of variation	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Degree of freedom	均方 Mean square	F值 F value	P值 P value
Ca	温度 Temperature (T)	0.1316	2	0.0658	0.2249	0.8004
	覆膜 Film mulching (F)	0.3592	3	0.1197	0.4091	0.7480
	温度×覆膜 T×F	2.7988	6	0.4665	1.5941	0.1960
Ka	温度 Temperature (T)	0.0348	2	0.0174	0.4279	0.6572
	覆膜 Film mulching (F)	0.0842	3	0.0281	0.6900	0.5678
	温度×覆膜T×F	0.0341	6	0.0057	0.1395	0.9893
Cs	温度 Temperature (T)	20103.4300	2	10051.7100	18.4349	0.0001
	覆膜 Film mulching (F)	15772.3800	3	5257.4620	9.6422	0.0003
	温度×覆膜T×F	649.0932	6	108.1822	0.1984	0.9737
Ks	温度 Temperature (T)	0.0004	2	0.0002	4.4409	0.0240
	覆膜 Film mulching (F)	0.0001	3	0.0000	0.6656	0.5821
	温度×覆膜 T×F	0.0002	6	0.0000	0.6096	0.7201

培养温度 Incubation temperature (℃)	矿化参数 Mineralization parameters	处理 Treatment
培养温度 Incubation temperature (℃)	矿化参数 Mineralization parameters	FP	MF	RF	FH
15	Ca (g·kg^-1)	1.552	0.631	0.461	0.329
	Ka (d^-1)	0.300	0.392	0.301	0.242 a
	Cs (g·kg^-1)	2.319b	34.331a	40.624a	53.517aB
	Ks (d^-1)	0.0121A	0.0025	0.0119	0.0033
	R²	0.981	0.990	0.988	0.995
25	Ca (g·kg^-1)	0.773	0.775	1.008	0.994
	Ka (d^-1)	0.276	0.294	0.229	0.209
	Cs (g·kg^-1)	41.307b	82.268ab	72.154ab	103.473aA
	Ks (d^-1)	0.0003B	0.0004	0.0003	0.0002
	R²	0.974	0.981	0.986	0.987
35	Ca (g·kg^-1)	0.599	0.748	0.793	1.001
	Ka (d^-1)	0.434	0.354	0.262	0.245
	Cs (g·kg^-1)	50.893b	90.210ab	101.647a	109.849aA
	Ks (d^-1)	0.0011AB	0.0004	0.0003	0.0004
	R²	0.972	0.990	0.988	0.992

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