有机肥部分替代化肥对温室番茄土壤N2O排放的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.20.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 在等氮量有机部分替代化肥条件下研究温室番茄土壤N₂O排放特征,探讨影响温室土壤N₂O排放的环境因素,为估算温室菜地系统N₂O的排放清单及其减排潜力提供数据支撑和理论依据。【方法】 以温室秋冬茬番茄为研究对象,设置不施肥（CK）、单施有机肥（MN）、单施化肥（CN）、有机肥部分替代化肥（CMN）4个处理,采用静态箱-气相色谱法,对番茄生育期内土壤N₂O排放及土壤温度、含水量进行监测。【结果】 在相同施氮量情况下,处理CMN（有机部分替代无机）的N₂O排放总量为4.05 kg·hm ^-2,相比处理CN（单施化肥）和MN（单施有机肥）,土壤N₂O排放总量降低了45.1%和33.2%;土壤N₂O排放系数分别降低了50.0%和37.5%;排放强度降低了50.0%、42.1%。各处理土壤N₂O排放通量峰值均出现在施肥灌水后第1天,排放主要集中在施肥灌溉后5 d内。温室番茄土壤N₂O排放通量与0-5 cm地温呈显著或极显著线性相关关系;与土壤充水孔隙率（WFPS）呈显著或极显著的对数函数关系,且不同施肥处理下土壤N₂O排放峰值出现在土壤充水孔隙率60%—80%范围内。【结论】 温室番茄土壤N₂O排放的消长关系表现在温湿度变化和氮肥投入类型等方面,合理的减排措施应综合考虑以上因素。有机部分替代化肥施肥模式是提高温室番茄产量,减少N₂O排放排放强度、排放系数和排放总量,提高肥料利用率,实现化肥零增长的重要手段。

关键词: N₂O排放, 温室番茄, 有机肥, 化肥, 土壤温度, 土壤充水孔隙率（WFPS）

Abstract:

【Objective】 Under the condition of replacing the inorganic fertilizer part with the same amount of nitrogen, the purpose of this study was to study the emission characteristics of greenhouse tomato soil N₂O and to explore the environmental factors affecting N₂O emissions, which could provide data support and theoretical basis for the N₂O emission inventory of the greenhouse vegetable system and its emission reduction potential.【Method】 Taking greenhouse autumn-winter tomato as the research object, the static-chamber method was used to monitor the soil N₂O emission, soil temperature and soil water content during the growth period of tomato. The experiment was set 4 treatments, including non-fertilization (CK), single application of organic fertilizer (MN), single application of inorganic fertilizer (CN), and organic partial replacement of inorganic fertilizers (CMN).【Result】 Under the same nitrogen application rate, the total N₂O emission under CMN was 4.05 kg·hm ^-2. Compared with CN and MN, the total N₂O emission under CMN decreased by 45.1% and 33.2% , respectively; the emission factor of soil N₂O was reduced by 50.0% and 37.5%, respectively; the emission intensity was reduced by 50.0% and 42.1%, respectively. The peak soil N₂O of all treated appeared on the first day after fertilization and irrigation, and the discharge was mainly concentrated within 5 days after fertilization and irrigation. The N₂O emission flux in greenhouse tomato soil showed significant or extremely significant correlation with the ground temperature of 0-5 cm soil, and showed a significant or extremely significant logarithm function relationship with soil water-filled porosity (WFPS). The peak of soil N₂O emission under different fertilization treatments appeared in 60%~80% soil-filled porosity.【Conclusion】 The relationship between the growth and decline of N₂O emissions in greenhouse tomato soil was reflected in the changes of temperature and humidity and the type of nitrogen fertilizer input. Reasonable emission reduction measures should be considered based on the above factors. Partial replacement of inorganic fertilizers with organic fertilizers was an important means to increase greenhouse tomato production, to reduce N₂O emissions intensity, factor and total N₂O emissions increase fertilizer utilization, and to achieve zero growth of fertilizers.

Key words: N₂O emission, greenhouse tomato, organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, soil temperature, soil water-filled porosity

奚雅静,刘东阳,汪俊玉,武雪萍,李晓秀,李银坤,王碧胜,张孟妮,宋霄君,黄绍文. 有机肥部分替代化肥对温室番茄土壤N₂O排放的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(20): 3625-3636.

YaJing XI,DongYang LIU,JunYu WANG,XuePing WU,XiaoXiu LI,YinKun LI,BiSheng WANG,MengNi ZHANG,XiaoJun SONG,ShaoWen HUANG. Effect of Organic Partial Replacement of Inorganic Fertilizers on N₂O Emission in Greenhouse Soil[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(20): 3625-3636.

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处理 Treatment	氮总量 Total amount of nitrogen (kg·hm^-2)	施氮量 Nitrogen application rate
CK	0	不施氮 No nitrogen application
CMN	675	375 kg·hm^-2无机氮+300 kg·hm^-2有机氮 375 kg·hm^-2Inorganic nitrogen+300 kg·hm^-2Organic nitrogen
CN	675	675 kg·hm^-2无机氮 675 kg·hm^-2Inorganic nitrogen
MN	675	675 kg·hm^-2有机氮 675 kg·hm^-2Organic nitrogen

处理 Treatment	番茄产量 Tomato yield (t·hm^-2)	基肥阶段排放量 Base fertilizer stage emission (kg·hm^-2)	追肥阶段排放量 Topdressing fertilizer stage emission (kg·hm^-2)	排放总量 Total emission (kg·hm^-2)	排放系数 Emission factor (%)	排放强度 Emission intensity (kg·t^-1)
CK	29.03±1.33c	0.17±0.06c	0.48±0.02d	0.65±0.03d		0.02
CMN	36.54±1.28a	2.14±0.01b	1.91±0.03c	4.05±0.04c	0.5	0.11
CN	34.00±2.28ab	1.94±0.02b	5.43±0.04a	7.37±0.01a	1.0	0.22
MN	32.56±1.64b	3.56±0.02a	2.50±0.02b	6.06±0.01b	0.8	0.19

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有机肥部分替代化肥对温室番茄土壤N₂O排放的影响

Effect of Organic Partial Replacement of Inorganic Fertilizers on N₂O Emission in Greenhouse Soil

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