不同厚度秸秆隔层对河套灌区盐碱土壤温度、水分和食葵产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.19.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同厚度秸秆隔层对盐碱地食葵农田土壤温度、水分动态变化及产量的影响,为河套灌区筛选适宜盐碱地食葵生长的合理厚度秸秆隔层措施提供依据。【方法】2015—2017年在内蒙古河套地区典型盐碱农田设置了4个不同厚度的秸秆隔层,分别为CK（无秸秆隔层）、S3（厚度3 cm秸秆隔层）、S5（厚度5 cm秸秆隔层）和S7（厚度7 cm秸秆隔层）,研究不同厚度秸秆隔层对食葵生育期土壤温度、水分动态变化特征和食葵产量的影响。【结果】秸秆隔层处理（S3、S5和S7）显著提高了食葵全生育期0—40 cm土层温度,其中2015—2017年在食葵苗期分别较CK处理显著增加了0.7、0.6、0.5℃（P<0.05）,但其增温幅度随秸秆埋设时长的增加逐渐减小,花期秸秆隔层处理间差异显著,其中S5、S7处理3年平均分别较CK处理提高了0.4、0.6℃（P<0.05）;40—50 cm土层的秸秆隔层处理在食葵苗期、蕾期表现出增温趋势,在生长后期表现出降温趋势。不同处理下向日葵全生育期土壤温度整体上均随土层加深而降低,且土壤温度和大气温度间均具有极显著的正相关关系,3年内R²值的分布范围为0.628—0.735,秸秆隔层处理增强了土壤温度对大气温度的敏感程度,且土壤温度对大气温度的响应随秸秆埋设时长的增加而减弱。不同秸秆隔层处理与不同灌水时期间交互作用对土壤含水量有显著影响（P<0.05）,秸秆隔层处理能够降低灌溉前、收获后0—40 cm土层平均土壤含水量,其中S7处理降幅最大,3年平均分别较CK处理降低了7.9%、5.4%（P<0.05）;但在灌溉后S3、S5和S7处理平均土壤含水量3年分别较CK处理提高了2.3%、3.4%、3.6%（P<0.05）。秸秆隔层处理能够促进食葵生长,增加食葵产量,提高灌溉水生产率和水分利用效率,其中以5、7 cm厚度秸秆隔层处理增幅最大,但两处理间无显著差异（P>0.05）。【结论】不同厚度秸秆隔层均能够提高食葵生育期0—40 cm土层温度,温度增幅随秸秆埋设时长的增加而减小,在花期各处理间差异较显著,并且秸秆隔层处理能够提高灌后0—40 cm土层平均土壤含水量,为食葵提供适宜的生长环境,综合考虑3年土壤温度、作物水分利用效率等,5 cm厚度秸秆隔层处理最适宜在内蒙古河套灌区推广应用。

关键词: 河套灌区, 盐碱地, 食葵, 秸秆隔层, 土壤温度, 土壤含水量

Abstract:

【Objective】The effects of different thickness of straw interlayer on soil temperature, water content dynamic change and crop yield of sunflower field in saline-alkali land were studied to provide a basis for selecting reasonable thickness straw interlayer measures suitable for the growth of sunflower in Hetao irrigation area. 【Method】 From 2015 to 2017, 4 straw interlayers of different thicknesses were set up in the typical saline-alkali farmland in the Hetao area of Inner Mongolia, namely CK (no straw interlayers), S3 (straw interlayers with a thickness of 3 cm), S5 (straw interlayers with a thickness of 5 cm), and S7 (straw interlayer with a thickness of 7 cm), to study the effects of different thickness of straw interlayer on the dynamic changes of soil temperature, water content, and sunflower yield during the growth period of sunflower under. 【Result】The straw interlayer treatment (S3, S5 and S7) significantly increased the soil temperature of 0-40 cm soil layer during the whole growth period of sunflower. Among them, compared with CK treatment, the soil temperature in sunflower seedling stage significantly increased by 0.7℃, 0.6℃, and 0.5℃, respectively, from 2015 to 2017 (P<0.05), and the increase in temperature gradually decreased with the increase of straw burying time. There was a significant difference between straw interlayer treatments during flowering period, among which S5 and S7 treatments increased by 0.4℃ and 0.6℃, respectively, compared with CK treatment in average for 3 years (P<0.05); 40-50 cm soil layer straw interlayer treatment showed a trend of increasing temperature in seedling and bud stage of sunflower, and showed a cooling trend in the later growth period. Under different treatments, the soil temperature during the whole growth period of sunflower decreased as the soil layer deepens, and there was a very significant positive correlation between soil temperature and atmospheric temperature. The distribution range of R² value in three years was 0.628-0.735. Straw interlayer treatments enhanced the sensitivity of soil temperature to atmospheric temperature, and the response of soil temperature to atmospheric temperature decreases with the increase of straw burying time. The interaction between different straw interlayer treatments and different irrigation periods also had significant effects on soil water content (P<0.05). Straw interlayer treatment could reduce the average soil water content of the 0-40 cm soil layer before irrigation and after harvest. Among them, the S7 treatment had the largest reduction, and the three-year average decreased by 7.9% and 5.4% (P<0.05), compared with the CK treatment; after irrigation, the average soil water content of S3, S5 and S7 treatments increased by 2.3%, 3.4%, and 3.6%, respectively, compared with CK treatment for 3 years (P<0.05). The straw interlayer treatment could promote the growth of sunflower and increase the yield of sunflower, and improve irrigation water productivity and water use efficiency, among which 5 and 7 cm thick straw interlayer treatments increased the most and had the largest increase, but there was no significant difference between the two treatments (P>0.05). 【Conclusion】Straw interlayers of different thicknesses could increase the soil temperature in the 0-40 cm soil layer during the growth period of sunflower, and the increase of temperature decreased with the increase of the straw burying time. The difference between different treatments was significant during the flowering stage. In addition, the straw interlayer treatment could improve the average soil water content of 0-40 cm soil after irrigation, and provide a suitable growth environment for sunflower. Considering soil temperature and crop water use efficiency, straw separation with thickness of 5 cm is the most suitable for promotion and application in Hetao irrigation area of Inner Mongolia.

Key words: Hetao irrigation area, saline-alkali land, sunflower, straw interlayer, soil temperature, soil water content

王国丽,常芳弟,张宏媛,卢闯,宋佳珅,王婧,逄焕成,李玉义. 不同厚度秸秆隔层对河套灌区盐碱土壤温度、水分和食葵产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(19): 4155-4168.

WANG GuoLi,CHANG FangDi,ZHANG HongYuan,LU Chuang,SONG JiaShen,WANG Jing,PANG HuanCheng,LI YuYi. Effects of Straw Interlayer with Different Thickness on Saline-Alkali Soil Temperature, Water Content, and Sunflower Yield in Hetao Irrigation Area[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(19): 4155-4168.

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链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.19.011

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	苗期土壤温度 Soil temperature in seedling stage (℃)	蕾期土壤温度 Soil temperature in bud stage (℃)	花期土壤温度 Soil temperature in flowering stage (℃)	成熟期土壤温度 Soil temperature in maturity stage (℃)
2015	CK	25.1±0.35b	26.4±0.23b	23.4±0.18c	20.5±0.19a
	S3	25.6±0.27a	26.8±0.39ab	23.5±0.12b	20.7±0.29a
	S5	25.8±0.20a	27.0±0.33ab	23.8±0.13b	20.5±0.29a
	S7	25.9±0.26a	27.2±0.21a	24.2±0.19a	20.8±0.23a
2016	CK	17.3±0.31b	22.6±0.28b	22.7±0.25b	20.5±0.19b
	S3	17.7±0.27ab	22.9±0.24ab	22.7±0.19b	20.7±0.29ab
	S5	17.9±0.19a	23.1±0.31a	23.2±0.25a	20.9±0.34ab
	S7	18.0±0.30a	23.3±0.35a	23.3±0.21a	21.1±0.31a
2017	CK	23.0±0.25b	25.3±0.31b	23.8±0.18b	20.4±0.32a
	S3	23.4±0.19ab	25.4±0.24b	23.8±0.25b	20.5±0.27a
	S5	23.5±0.22a	25.8±0.28ab	24.1±0.24ab	20.5±0.30a
	S7	23.6±0.31a	26.0±0.20a	24.3±0.22a	20.9±0.25a

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	回归方程 Regression equation	R²
2015	CK	y= 0.817x+7.095	0.711**
	S3	y=0.846x+6.801	0.728**
	S5	y=0.875x+6.386	0.727**
	S7	y=0.856x+7.004	0.710**
2016	CK	y=0.646x+7.181	0.718**
	S3	y=0.632x+7.730	0.721**
	S5	y=0.666x+7.276	0.733**
	S7	y=0.678x+7.171	0.735**
2017	CK	y=0.580x+10.234	0.637**
	S3	y=0.579x+10.402	0.628**
	S5	y=0.616x+9.776	0.642**
	S7	y= 0.600x+10.388	0.654**

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	灌溉前土壤含水量 Soil water content before irrigation (%)	灌溉后土壤含水量 Soil water content after irrigation (%)	收获后土壤含水量 Soil water content after harvest (%)
2015	CK	11.01±0.17a	19.64±0.14c	21.42±0.22a
	S3	10.21±0.21bc	20.38±0.02b	21.12±0.23ab
	S5	10.73±0.19ab	20.86±0.04a	20.99±0.07ab
	S7	10.13±0.12c	20.95±0.05a	20.64±0.12b
2016	CK	25.37±0.13a	27.05±0.09b	20.04±0.09a
	S3	24.32±0.01b	27.67±0.02a	19.73±0.24ab
	S5	23.12±0.04c	27.73±0.06a	19.46±0.03bc
	S7	22.71±0.24c	27.77±0.12a	19.09±0.21c
2017	CK	21.53±0.13a	25.75±0.05b	21.24±0.12a
	S3	21.16±0.16b	26.07±0.22ab	20.88±0.09b
	S5	20.92±0.06b	26.31±0.1a	20.49±0.09c
	S7	20.51±0.07c	26.33±0.1a	19.76±0.08d

处理 Treatment	2016			2017
处理 Treatment	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	水分利用效率 Water use efficiency （kg·hm^-2·mm^-1）	灌溉水分生产率 Irrigation water productivity (kg·m^-3)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	水分利用效率 Water use efficiency （kg·hm^-2·mm^-1）	灌溉水分生产率 Irrigation water productivity (kg·m^-3)
CK	3923.63±87.37c	0.33±0.00c	2.12±0.05c	4463.99±84.99b	0.68±0.02b	2.41±0.05b
S3	4476.20±30.46b	0.41±0.01b	2.42±0.02b	4651.54±64.67b	0.68±0.01b	2.51±0.03b
S5	5037.02±136.11a	0.45±0.01a	2.72±0.07a	5060.83±68.48a	0.75±0.01a	2.74±0.04a
S7	4751.61±96.73ab	0.45±0.01a	2.57±0.0.05ab	5015.27±79.42a	0.75±0.01a	2.71±0.04a