低温和高温对仓储绿豆象的防治效果

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.01.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】确定绿豆象最耐受低温或高温的发育阶段，得到不同温度下完全防控该虫所需时间，为防治仓储绿豆象提供理论基础。【方法】在-5和40℃下，分别对绿豆象卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫进行处理，确定最耐受低温或者高温的虫态。在此基础上，对低温（-5、-10、-20℃）以及高温（40、45、50℃）下最耐受虫态做进一步的生物测定，从而得到完全防控绿豆象的时间。【结果】绿豆象幼虫和蛹耐寒能力较强，卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫在-5℃的LT50分别是12.57、24.93、30.54和15.76 h。绿豆象蛹耐热能力较强，卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫在40℃时的LT50分别是4.29、17.76、22.33和14.50 h。绿豆象的蛹在低温-5、-10和-20℃下的LT50 分别是30.54、6.50和0.96 h，LT99分别是189.70、33.81和2.90 h。在高温40、45和50℃下的LT50 分别是22.33、3.64和0.85 h，LT99分别是169.43、17.77和3.71 h。【结论】绿豆象各虫态耐低温和耐高温的能力均为蛹较强，据此得到处于不同温度下完全控制绿豆象危害所需时间。因此，利用低温或高温防控仓储绿豆象是可行的。

关键词: 粮食储藏 , 绿豆象 , 虫害防治 , 虫态 , 温度

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this study is to identify the most tolerant stage of azuki bean beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis L. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) to low and high temperatures, and obtain different temperature-exposure time to kill the various stages of the insect in storage. And to provide a theoretic foundation for popularizing and applying low and high temperatures for the control of C. chinensis.【Method】Four development stages were exposed for different times at -5 and 40℃ to get the most tolerant stage of C. chinensis for low and high temperatures. Based on the above experimental results, the most cold-tolerant stage was used for consequent bioassays at -5, -10 and - 20℃, and the heat-tolerant stage at 40, 45 and 50℃. 【Result】 Pupa and larva were more cold tolerant stages, LT50 at -5℃ for eggs, larvae, pupae and adults were 12.57, 24.93, 30.54 and 15.76 h, respectively. Pupa was relatively more heat tolerant than other three stages, the LT50 at 40℃ for eggs, larvae, pupae and adults were 4.29, 17.76, 22.33 and 14.50 h, respectively. The LT50 for pupae were 30.54, 6.50 and 0.96 h at -5, -10 and -20℃, respectively. The LT99 were 189.70, 33.81 and 2.90 h, respectively. The LT50 of pupae at 40, 45, and 50℃ were 22.33, 3.64 and 0.85 h, respectively. The LT99 were 169.43, 17.77 and 3.71 h, respectively. 【Conclusion】Both cold tolerance and heat tolerance of pupa are higher than other three life stages, and different temperature-exposure times to kill the pupa stage of the insect are obtained. It is feasible to utilize low and high temperatures to control C. chinensis in storage.

Key words: grain storage , Callosobruchus chinensis , pest management , developmental stages , temperature

仲建锋, 万正煌, 李莉, 陈宏伟, 伍广洪. 低温和高温对仓储绿豆象的防治效果[J]. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(1): 54-59.

ZHONG Jian-Feng, WAN Zheng-Huang, LI Li, CHEN Hong-Wei, WU Guang-Hong. Effect of Low and High Temperatures on Controlling Azuki Bean Beetle (Callosobruchus chinensis L., Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in Storage[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(1): 54-59.

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