秸秆隔层结合春灌对河套灌区盐碱地土壤呼吸及其温度敏感性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.12.009

中国农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (12): 2341-2353.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.12.009

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

秸秆隔层结合春灌对河套灌区盐碱地土壤呼吸及其温度敏感性的影响

于茹¹(), 宋佳珅¹, 张宏媛¹, 常芳弟¹, 王永庆¹, 王希全¹, 王婧¹, 王伟妮², 李玉义¹()

¹ 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所，北京 100081
² 鄂尔多斯市农牧业生态与资源保护中心，内蒙古鄂尔多斯 017001

收稿日期:2022-05-05 接受日期:2022-10-09 出版日期:2023-06-16 发布日期:2023-06-27
通信作者: 李玉义，E-mail：liyuyi@caas.cn
联系方式: 于茹，E-mail：yuru0123@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31871584); 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610132016051); 内蒙古自治区盐碱化耕地改良试点项目; “科技兴蒙”行动重点专项(2021EEDSCXSFQZD011); 鄂尔多斯市“揭榜挂帅”项目(JBGS-2021-001); 基于灌区农业水循环的盐碱地改良综合技术研究与示范（2021ZD社17-18(2021ZD社17-18)

Effects of Straw Interlayer Combined with Spring Irrigation on Saline- Alkali Soil Respiration and Its Temperature Sensitivity in Hetao Irrigation District

YU Ru¹(), SONG JiaShen¹, ZHANG HongYuan¹, CHANG FangDi¹, WANG YongQing¹, WANG XiQuan¹, WANG Jing¹, WANG WeiNi², LI YuYi¹()

¹ Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
² Ordos Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Ecology and Resource Protection Center, Ordos 017001 Inner Mengulia

Received:2022-05-05 Accepted:2022-10-09 Published:2023-06-16 Online:2023-06-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究河套灌区盐碱土壤呼吸对秸秆隔层与灌溉制度的响应，明确土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度、含水量的关系。【方法】采用完全随机区组设计，于2015年分别设置秋浇且春灌（I_SA），不秋浇只春灌（I_S），不秋浇只春灌+秸秆隔层（SI_S）3个处理，于2017、2018年测定土壤呼吸、温度和含水量，并计算土壤呼吸的温度敏感性。【结果】（1）0—20 cm土层温度和含水量波动较为明显，而20—40 cm土层则相对稳定。相较于I_SA、I_S处理，SI_S处理提高了0—40 cm土层温度和20—40 cm土层含水量。（2）2017年的土壤呼吸速率大于2018年；开花期土壤呼吸速率最高，其次为现蕾期、春灌前、播种前、收获期。（3）I_S、SI_S处理在开花期的土壤呼吸速率均显著高于I_SA处理（P<0.05）。相较于I_SA处理，I_S和SI_S处理的土壤呼吸速率分别增加了0.12—0.44和0.06—0.42 μmol·m^-2·s^-1。相较于I_S处理，SI_S处理的土壤呼吸速率降低0.01—0.49 μmol·m^-2·s^-1。表明不秋浇增加了土壤呼吸，但秸秆隔层降低了土壤呼吸。（4）土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度极显著正相关（P<0.01），与土壤含水量没有显著相关性。0—20和20—40 cm土层温度分别能够解释土壤呼吸速率变化的40.74%—53.84%和39.27%—53.46%。（5）不同处理的土壤呼吸敏感性（Q₁₀）介于1.68—1.98，20—40 cm土层的Q₁₀大于0—20 cm土层的。相较于I_SA处理，I_S和SI_S处理能够降低土壤呼吸敏感性；相较于I_S处理，SI_S处理能够增加土壤呼吸敏感性。【结论】综合比较，不秋浇只春灌结合秸秆隔层可以提高0—40 cm土层温度和20—40 cm土层含水量，降低土壤呼吸速率，增加土壤呼吸的温度敏感性，可以作为河套灌区节水减排的有效措施。

关键词: 河套灌区, 盐碱土, 秸秆隔层, 灌溉制度, 土壤呼吸速率, 土壤含水量, 温度敏感性

Abstract:

【Objective】This study was conducted to explore the responses of saline-alkali soil respiration to straw interlayer and irrigation regime, and to clarify the relationships between soil respiration rate and soil temperature/water content in Hetao Irrigation District. 【Method】A randomized block design was set up in 2015 with three treatments: autumn and spring irrigation (I_SA), spring irrigation without autumn irrigation (I_S), and spring irrigation plus straw interlayer without autumn irrigation (SI_S). Soil respiration, soil temperature and moisture content were measured in 2017 and 2018, and the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration rate was also estimated. 【Result】(1) Soil temperature and soil moisture content in the 0-20 cm soil layer fluctuated obviously, while it was relatively stable in the 20-40 cm soil layer. SI_S increased the soil temperature in 0-40 cm soil depth and moisture content in 20-40 cm soil depth. (2) The soil respiration rate in 2017 was higher than that in 2018. It was the highest in the flowering stage, followed by budding stage, before spring irrigation, before sowing, and harvest stage. (3) The soil respiration rates of I_S and SI_S were significantly higher than I_SA at the flowering stage (P<0.05). Compared with I_SA, I_S and SI_S increased soil respiration rate by 0.12-0.44 and 0.06-0.42 μmol·m^-2·s^-1, respectively. Compared with the I_S, the soil respiration rate of SI_S decreased by 0.01-0.49 μmol·m^-2·s^-1. These results indicated that the soil respiration rate was increased without autumn irrigation, while it was decreased with straw interlayer. (4) The soil respiration rate positively correlated with soil temperature (P<0.01), while it had no significant correlation with soil moisture content. Soil temperature at the 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layer explained 40.74%-53.84% and 39.27%-53.46% variation of soil respiration rate, respectively. (5) The temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (Q₁₀) varied within 1.68-1.98 for different treatments, and the Q₁₀ of the 20-40 cm soil depth was higher than that of the 0-20 cm soil depth. Compared with I_SA, I_S and SI_S reduced Q₁₀. However, SI_S increased Q₁₀ compared with I_S. 【Conclusion】Overall, the straw interlayer increased the soil temperature in 0-40 cm soil depth and moisture content in 20-40 cm soil depth, reduced soil respiration rate, and increased the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration, which was used as an effective practice for water saving and emission reduction in the Hetao Irrigation District.

Key words: Hetao Irrigation District, saline-alkali soil, straw interlayer, irrigation regime, soil respiration rate, soil moisture content, temperature sensitivity

于茹, 宋佳珅, 张宏媛, 常芳弟, 王永庆, 王希全, 王婧, 王伟妮, 李玉义. 秸秆隔层结合春灌对河套灌区盐碱地土壤呼吸及其温度敏感性的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(12): 2341-2353.

YU Ru, SONG JiaShen, ZHANG HongYuan, CHANG FangDi, WANG YongQing, WANG XiQuan, WANG Jing, WANG WeiNi, LI YuYi. Effects of Straw Interlayer Combined with Spring Irrigation on Saline- Alkali Soil Respiration and Its Temperature Sensitivity in Hetao Irrigation District[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(12): 2341-2353.

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土层 Soil depth (cm)	土壤机械组成 Soil mechanical composition			容重 Bulk density (g·cm^-3)	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Available N (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available P (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)
土层 Soil depth (cm)	砂粒 Sandy (%)	粉粒 Silt (%)	黏粒 Clay (%)	容重 Bulk density (g·cm^-3)	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Available N (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available P (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)
0-20	34.92	52.84	12.24	1.46	10.85	33.77	4.20	138.21
20-40	36.80	54.42	8.78	1.48	7.58	30.01	0.96	89.31

年份 Year	春灌 Spring irrigation	土壤呼吸速率测定Measurement of soil respiration rate					秋浇 Autumn irrigation
年份 Year	春灌 Spring irrigation	春灌前 Before spring irrigation	播种前 Before sowing	现蕾期 Budding stage	开花期 Flowering stage	收获期 Harvest stage	秋浇 Autumn irrigation
2017	5.24	5.23	5.31	6.29	7.27	9.21	10.20
2018	5.13	5.12	5.25	7.26	8.16	10.5	10.23

	生育期 Stage (S)	年份 Year (Y)	处理 Treatment (T)	S×Y	S×T	Y×T	Y×S×T
土壤呼吸速率 Soil respiration rate	***	***	***	***	ns	ns	ns
0-20 cm土层温度 Soil temperature in 0-20 cm soil depth	***	***	***	***	***	***	***
20-40 cm土层温度 Soil temperature in 20-40 cm soil depth	***	***	***	***	***	***	***
0-20 cm土层含水量 Soil moisture content in 0-20 cm soil depth	***	***	*	***	***	***	***
20-40 cm土层含水量 Soil moisture content in 20-40 cm soil depth	***	ns	***	***	***	***	***

秸秆隔层结合春灌对河套灌区盐碱地土壤呼吸及其温度敏感性的影响

Effects of Straw Interlayer Combined with Spring Irrigation on Saline- Alkali Soil Respiration and Its Temperature Sensitivity in Hetao Irrigation District

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土层 Soil layer (cm)	处理Treatment
土层 Soil layer (cm)	I_SA	I_S	SI_S
0-20	1.86	1.68	1.77
20-40	1.98	1.84	1.85

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