山茶芽变花色与花青苷的关系

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.11.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的研究山茶芽变花色与花青苷的关系,为山茶花色的芽变育种提供科学依据。方法按照CIE L* a* b*表色系法测量山茶及其芽变品种的花色,利用高效液相色谱-光电二极管阵列检测（HPLC-DAD）和超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）联用技术定性定量分析其花瓣中花青苷成分与含量,运用多元线性回归方法研究花青苷与花色之间的关系。结果山茶及其芽变品种花瓣中共检测到7种花青苷,分别是矢车菊素-3-O-β-半乳糖苷（Cy3Ga）、矢车菊素-3-O-β-葡萄糖苷（Cy3G）、矢车菊素-3-O-[6-O-(E)-咖啡酰]-β-半乳糖苷（Cy3GaECaf）、矢车菊素-3-O-[6-O-(E)-咖啡酰]-β-葡萄糖苷（Cy3GECaf）、矢车菊素-3-O-[6-O-(Z)-p-香豆酰]-β-葡萄糖苷（Cy3GZpC）、矢车菊素-3-O-[6-O-(E)-p-香豆酰]-β-半乳糖苷（Cy3GaEpC）和矢车菊素-3-O-[6-O-(E)-p-香豆酰]-β-葡萄糖苷（Cy3GEpC）。山茶各系列芽变品种中,白色花瓣中均未检测到花青苷,红色花瓣中花青苷成分与粉色花瓣相同,但红色花瓣中各成分含量及花青苷总量均远高于粉色花瓣;红色和粉色花瓣中主要花青苷成分为Cy3G和Cy3GEpC;红色花瓣中Cy3G和Cy3Ga所占比例大于粉色花瓣,而Cy3GEpC等花青苷比例小于粉色花瓣。结论山茶各系列芽变品种中各种花青苷含量及花青苷总量越大,花瓣红色越深;Cy3G、Cy3Ga和Cy3GEpC是决定山茶芽变花色的主要花青苷成分,其含量的积累增加花瓣红色程度。

关键词: 山茶, 芽变, 花色, 花青苷, 含量, 比例

Abstract:

【Objective】 The object of this study was to determine the relationship between anthocyanins and flower colors of bud mutation in Camellia japonica, so as to provide the scientific basis for the bud mutation breeding of flower colors in C. japonica. 【Method】 Flower colors in C. japonica cultivars and their bud mutation cultivars were measured by CIE L*a*b* scale, and anthocyanin components and contents were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-T OF-MS). The relationship between flower colors and anthocyanins was explored by multiple liner regression analyses. 【Result】 Seven anthocyanins were detected in C. japonica cultivars and their bud mutation cultivars, which were cyanidin-3-O-β-galactoside (Cy3Ga),cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside (Cy3G),cyanidin-3-O-(6-O-(E)-caffeoyl)-β-galactoside (Cy3GaECaf), cyanidin-3-O-(6-O-(E)- caffeoyl)-β-glucoside (Cy3GECaf), cyanidin-3-O-(6-O-(Z)-p-coumaroyl)-β-glucoside (Cy3GZpC), cyanidin-3-O-(6-O-(E)-p- coumaroyl)-β-galactoside (Cy3GaEpC) and cyanidin-3-O-(6-O-(E)-p-coumaroyl)-β-glucoside (Cy3GEpC). Among the bud mutation cultivars of C. japonica, anthocyanins were not detected in white petals, and anthocyanins in red petals were identical with that in pink petals, but the contents of anthocyanin components and total anthocyanin in red petals were far higher than that in pink petals. The main anthocyanin components were Cy3G and Cy3GEpC in red and pink petals. The proportion of Cy3G and Cy3Ga in red petals were larger than that in pink petals, while the proportion of else anthocyanins, such as Cy3GEpC, were smaller than that in pink petals.【Conclusion】 Among the bud mutation cultivars of C. japonica, the greater the contents of various anthocyanin components and total anthocyanin were, the deeper the red of petal were. Cy3G, Cy3Ga and Cy3GEpC were the main anthocyanins which determined the flower colors of bud mutation in C. japonica, and the accumulation of their contents enhanced the red color of petals.

Key words: Camellia japonica, bud mutation, flower color, anthocyanin, content, proportion

李辛雷,殷恒福,范正琪,李纪元. 山茶芽变花色与花青苷的关系[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(11): 1961-1969.

LI XinLei,YIN HengFu,FAN ZhengQi,LI JiYuan. The Relationship Between Anthocyanins and Flower Colors of Bud Mutation in Camellia japonica [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(11): 1961-1969.

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图/表 5

表1

山茶品种花色数据"

品种 Cultivars	CIE L^a^b^表色系统 CIE L^a^b^coordinate
品种 Cultivars	花色 Flower color	L^*	a^*	b^*	C*	h
白宝珠Baibaozhu	白色 White	93.09±1.23	-0.70±0.02	1.65±0.38	1.80 ±0.25	92.72±2.01
白芙蓉Baifurong	白色 White	89.10±2.01	-0.51±0.01	3.21±0.83	3.27±0.35	101.21±1.09
白嫦娥彩Baichangecai	白色 White	88.21±1.57	-0.93±0.12	4.77±0.47	4.86±1.21	101.19±1.37
白五宝Baiwubao	白色 White	90.13±1.46	-0.71±0.05	3.21±0.53	3.31±0.23	105.04±3.11
白碧玉Baibiyu	白色 White	87.57±1.82	-0.59±0.05	6.53±1.18	6.57±0.51	95.22± 2.25
白七仙女Baiqixiannv	白色 White	88.65± 3.12	-0.68±0.06	4.46±0.45	4.64±0.29	98.19±1.85
平均 Average		89.46	-0.69	3.97	4.07	98.93
粉宝珠Fenbaozhu	粉色Pink	65.90±1.23	39.90±0.86	2.93±0.25	40.03±1.38	4.11±1.22
粉芙蓉Fenfurong	粉色Pink	69.75±0.95	36.95±1.56	9.87±1.08	37.00± 1.26	6.82±2.05
粉嫦娥彩Fenchangecai	粉色Pink	67.62±1.26	41.71±1.87	9.94±0.74	33.81±2.18	3.72± 0.96
粉五宝Fenwubao	粉色Pink	83.87±1.85	31.73±1.35	8.62±0.69	37.23± 1.56	7.68±1.63
粉碧玉Fenbiyu	粉色Pink	71.06±1.63	35.57±1.65	2.43±0.15	35.56± 1.29	3.90±0.28
粉七仙女Fenqixiannv	粉色Pink	76.77±2.14	32.19±1.34	7.17±0.42	26.89± 1.18	6.37±1.45
平均 Average		72.49	36.34	6.83	35.09	5.43
红宝珠Hongbaozhu	红色 Red	54.08±2.15	55.91±2.24	20.22±1.65	57.07±2.31	21.24±1.92
红芙蓉Hongfurong	红色 Red	54.99±1.43	52.70±1.78	18.48±2.46	53.39±1.54	19.14±2.26
红嫦娥彩Hongchangecai	红色 Red	50.62±1.28	48.71±1.53	21.94±1.09	53.81±1.66	23.72±1.88
红五宝Hongwubao	红色 Red	56.00±3.26	50.54±1.64	15.50± 1.16	50.85±1.25	16.16±1.25
红碧玉Hongbiyu	红色 Red	62.18±1.27	55.44±2.13	13.85±0.87	45.61±1.29	14.80±1.36
红七仙女Hongqixiannv	红色 Red	62.33±1.88	49.35±1.39	18.66±1.91	49.42±1.16	16.76±1.11
平均 Average		56.70	52.11	18.11	51.69	18.64

表1

图1

表2

表3

表4

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色谱峰 No.Peaks	保留时间 Retention time (min)	吸收波长 λmax (nm)	A₄₄₀/A_vis-max (%)	分子离子 Molecular ions (m/z)	碎片离子 Fragment ions (m/z)	推定结果 Tentative identification
P1	8.33	281, 516	31	449	287	Cy3Ga
P2	9.43	282, 517	32	449	287	Cy3G
P3	21.22	283, 315, 516	33	611	449, 287	Cy3GaECaf
P4	24.75	283, 316, 515	33	611	449, 287	Cy3GECaf
P5	25.54	282, 311, 514	32	595	449, 287	Gy3GZpC
P6	25.95	284, 312, 516	32	595	449, 287	Cy3GaEpC
P7	29.74	285, 312, 513	32	595	449, 287	Cy3GEpC

品种 Cultivars	花青苷 Anthocyanin (μg·100 mg^-1)
品种 Cultivars	Cy3Ga	Cy3G	Cy3GaECaf	Cy3GECaf	Gy3GZpC	Cy3GaEpC	Cy3GEpC	合计 Total
白宝珠Baibaozhu	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
粉宝珠Fenbaozhu	1.23±0.13	8.91±0.47	0.25±0.12	0.16±0.00	0.59±0.04	0.98±0.42	5.12±0.23	17.24
红宝珠Hongbaozhu	7.42±0.35	62.32±0.83	1.12±0.03	0.65±0.01	1.44±0.00	5.14±0.16	13.58±0.26	91.67
白芙蓉Baifurong	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
粉芙蓉Fenfurong	1.30±0.04	9.16±0.35	0.34±0.00	0.28±0.00	0.91±0.17	0.68±0.01	3.37±0.11	16.04
红芙蓉Hongfurong	5.89±0.33	45.91±0.78	0.77±0.02	0.45±0.06	2.04±0.05	2.54±0.15	9.86±0.67	67.46
白嫦娥彩Baichangecai	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
粉嫦娥彩Fenchangecai	1.12±0.02	3.12±0.05	-	-	0.76±0.00	0.56±0.01	2.82±0.51	8.38
红嫦娥彩Hongchangecai	5.71±0.05	18.72±0.45	-	-	1.91±0.12	2.42±0.08	8.19±0.71	36.95
白五宝Baiwubao	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
粉五宝Fenwubao	0.11±0.00	5.25±0.19	-	0.18±0.00	2.27±0.15	0.64±0.07	15.75±0.43	24.2
红五宝Hongwubao	0.42±0.05	14.52±0.35	-	0.56±0.07	4.16±0.32	1.08±0.01	27.42±0.37	48.16
白碧玉Baibiyu	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
粉碧玉Fenbiyu	0.12±0.00	2.07±0.05	-	-	0.83±0.01	0.23±0.00	2.21±0.28	5.46
红碧玉Hongbiyu	0.71±0.06	7.86±0.33	-	-	2.08±0.05	0.82±0.17	8.56±0.45	20.03
白七仙女Baiqixiannv	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
粉七仙女Fenqixiannv	0.16±0.00	2.23±0.18	-	-	0.51±0.13	0.25±0.01	2.71±0.23	5.86
红七仙女Hongqixiannv	0.44±0.01	4.74±0.18	-	-	0.63±0.00	0.39±0.01	5.16±0.16	11.36

品种 Cultivars	花青苷 Anthocyanin (%)
品种 Cultivars	Cy3Ga	Cy3G	Cy3GaECaf	Cy3GECaf	Gy3GZpC	Cy3GaEpC	Cy3GEpC	合计 Total
白宝珠Baibaozhu	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
粉宝珠Fenbaozhu	7.13	51.68	1.45	0.93	3.42	5.68	29.70	100.00
红宝珠Hongbaozhu	8.09	67.98	1.22	0.71	1.57	5.61	14.81	100.00
白芙蓉Baifurong	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
粉芙蓉Fenfurong	8.10	57.11	2.12	1.75	5.67	4.24	21.01	100.00
红芙蓉Hongfurong	8.73	68.06	1.14	0.67	3.02	3.77	14.62	100.00
白嫦娥彩Baichangecai	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
粉嫦娥彩Fenchangecai	13.37	37.23	0.00	0.00	9.07	6.68	33.65	100.00
红嫦娥彩Hongchangecai	15.45	50.66	0.00	0.00	5.17	6.55	22.17	100.00
白五宝Baiwubao	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
粉五宝Fenwubao	0.45	21.69	0.00	0.74	9.38	2.64	65.08	100.00
红五宝Hongwubao	0.87	30.15	0.00	1.16	8.64	2.24	56.94	100.00
白碧玉Baibiyu	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
粉碧玉Fenbiyu	2.20	37.91	0.00	0.00	15.20	4.21	40.48	100.00
红碧玉Hongbiyu	3.54	39.24	0.00	0.00	10.38	4.09	42.74	100.00
白七仙女Baiqixiannv	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
粉七仙女Fenqixiannv	2.73	38.05	0.00	0.00	8.70	4.27	46.25	100.00
红七仙女Hongqixiannv	3.87	41.73	0.00	0.00	5.55	3.43	45.42	100.00