中国农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (19): 3791-3806.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.19.009

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

巢湖流域磷肥减量施用对稻麦轮作体系作物产量和品质的影响

张鑫尧1(),张敏1(),朱远芃1,惠晓丽2,柴如山1,郜红建1,罗来超1()   

  1. 1安徽农业大学资源与环境学院/农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室/长江经济带磷资源高效利用与水环境保护研究中心,合肥 230036
    2西北农林科技大学资源环境学院/旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌 712100
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-19 接受日期:2021-12-07 出版日期:2022-10-01 发布日期:2022-10-10
  • 通讯作者: 罗来超
  • 作者简介:张鑫尧,E-mail: 2422685787@qq.com。|张敏,E-mail: 438087133@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    安徽省科技重大专项(202103a06020012);安徽省科技重大专项(18030701188);中国工程科技发展战略安徽研究院2020年咨询研究项目(2020-05);安徽农业大学科研启动项目(RC521903)

Effects of Reduced Phosphorus Application on Crop Yield and Grain Nutritional Quality in the Rice-Wheat Rotation System in Chaohu Lake Basin

ZHANG XinYao1(),ZHANG Min1(),ZHU YuanPeng1,HUI XiaoLi2,CHAI RuShan1,GAO HongJian1,LUO LaiChao1()   

  1. 1College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University/Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention/Research Center of Phosphorous Efficient Utilization and Water Environment Protection Along the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Hefei 230036
    2College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
  • Received:2021-08-19 Accepted:2021-12-07 Online:2022-10-01 Published:2022-10-10
  • Contact: LaiChao LUO

摘要:

【目的】探讨稻麦轮作体系下磷肥减量施用对作物籽粒产量与营养品质的影响,为巢湖流域稻麦轮作体系下磷肥减量增效,作物优质生产提供理论依据。【方法】于2017—2019年在巢湖流域进行磷肥减量施用田间试验,设置5个处理:对照(CK,不施磷)、农户模式(P1,磷用量90 kg P2O5·hm-2)、减磷10%(P2,磷用量81 kg P2O5·hm-2)、减磷20%(P3,磷用量72 kg P2O5·hm-2)、减磷30%(P4,磷用量63 kg P2O5·hm-2)。分析磷肥减量施用对水稻和小麦产量及其构成要素,籽粒蛋白质及组分含量,微量元素及其生物有效性的影响。【结果】与不施磷相比,施磷水稻和小麦的籽粒产量分别显著提高了9.8%—28.3%和56.6%—89.7%。减磷10%和20%处理的水稻和小麦籽粒产量与农户模式无显著差异(P>0.05),但减磷30%处理的水稻产量显著降低14.4%。与农户模式相比,减磷处理显著影响作物蛋白质、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白含量,对结构蛋白(清蛋白+球蛋白)无显著影响,减磷20%处理水稻籽粒蛋白质和谷蛋白含量降低2.7%和32.3%,减磷30%处理的水稻和小麦籽粒蛋白质和谷蛋白含量分别降低6.8%和21.9%、48.4%和31.6%。与不施磷相比,施磷同样显著影响水稻和小麦籽粒微量元素含量及其生物有效性。减磷处理较农户模式水稻和小麦籽粒Fe、Cu和Zn含量提高21.2%和19.3%、11.9%和15.8%、14.5%和19.9%;P/Fe、P/Cu和P/Zn摩尔比降低21.6%和26.3%、20.6%和27%、17.7%和21.3%。水稻和小麦籽粒Zn含量随施磷量的降低而线性增加,减磷处理间的作物籽粒Fe、Mn和Cu含量无显著差异。水稻籽粒P/Zn摩尔比随施磷量的降低而降低,减磷处理间籽粒P/Fe、P/Mn和P/Cu摩尔比无显著差异;小麦籽粒P/Fe、P/Mn、P/Cu和P/Zn摩尔比均随施磷量的降低而降低,提高了小麦籽粒Fe、Cu和Zn的生物有效性。【结论】在巢湖流域稻麦轮作区,磷肥减量20%,即磷肥用量由90 kg P2O5·hm-2减至72 kg P2O5·hm-2时仍可保证作物稳产。磷肥减量施用虽在一定程度上降低了籽粒蛋白质含量和谷蛋白含量,但显著提高了微量元素Fe、Cu和Zn的含量和生物有效性。综合考虑,推荐磷肥减量20%为巢湖流域稻麦轮作区实现磷肥增效及作物高产优质生产的磷肥优化管理措施。

关键词: 稻麦轮作, 磷肥减量, 蛋白质组分, 微量元素含量, 生物有效性

Abstract:

【Objective】 The aim of this study was to explore the effects of reduced phosphorus (P) application on crop yield and nutritional quality, so as to provide a theoretical basis for increasing the P use efficiency and producing high grain quality of crops under the rice-wheat crop rotation system in the Chaohu Lake Basin. 【Method】 A field trial of reduced P application rates was conducted from 2017 to 2019 with five treatments in the Chaohu Lake Basin, which were contrast (CK, No phosphorus), farmers’ application rate (P1, 90 kg P2O5·hm-2), 10% P reduction (P2, 81 kg P2O5·hm-2), 20% P reduction (P3, 72 kg P2O5·hm-2), and 30% P reduction (P4, 63 kg P2O5·hm-2). The effects of reduced P application rates on rice and wheat grain yield and its components, grain protein and fraction content, micronutrients and their bioavailability were analyzed. 【Result】 Compared with no P application, the P application significantly increased the grain yield of rice and wheat by 9.8% to 28.3% and 56.6% to 89.7%, respectively. The 10% and 20% P reduction treatments for rice and wheat grain yield were not significantly different from the farmers’ P fertilizer application (P>0.05). However, the rice yields under the 30% P reduction treatment were significantly decreased by 14.4%. Compared with the farmers’ P application rate, the P reduction treatments significantly affected the crop protein, gliadin and glutenin content, while which had no significant effect on structural protein (albumin and globulin); the P reduction of 20% reduced rice grain protein and glutenin content by 2.7% and 32.3%, respectively. Compared with farmers’ P application rate, the grain protein and glutenin content of rice and wheat under the 30% phosphorus reduction treatment reduced by 6.8% and 21.9%, 48.4% and 31.6%, respectively. Phosphorus application also significantly affected the micronutrients content and bioavailability in rice and wheat grains. Compared with the farmers’ P application rate, P reduction treatments increased iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) concentration in rice and wheat grains by 21.2% and 19.3%, 11.9% and 15.8%, 14.5% and 19.9%, respectively; meanwhile, P/Fe, P/Cu and P/Zn molar ratios also reduced by 21.6% and 26.3%, 20.6% and 27%, 17.7% and 21.3%, respectively. The grain zinc concentration of rice and wheat increased linearly with decreasing P application, while the iron, manganese (Mn) and Cu concentrations were no significant differences among the P reduction treatments. P/Zn molar ratio of rice reduced with lower P application, but the P/Fe, P/Mn and P/Cu molar ratios had no significant differences among P reduction treatments. The P/Fe, P/Mn, P/Cu and P/Zn molar ratios in wheat grains reduced with lower P application, and then increasing the bioavailability of Fe, Cu and Zn in wheat grains. 【Conclusion】 In the rice-wheat crop rotation area of the Chaohu Lake Basin, reduced P application by 20% (from 90 kg P2O5·hm-2 reduction to 72 kg P2O5·hm-2) could still ensure stable crop yields. The reduced application of P fertilizer significantly increased the micronutrients concentration and its bioavailability in rice and wheat grains, although the grain protein and glutenin content lower than the farmers’ P application rate. In conclusion, the P3 (20% reduction in P fertilizer application based on the farmers’ P application rate) was the recommended P fertilizer rate to achieve P use efficiency and double high (yield and quality) of crop production in the rice-wheat rotation areas of the Chaohu Lake Basin.

Key words: rice-wheat rotation, phosphate fertilizer reduction, protein components, micronutrient concentration, bioavailability