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Characterization of the microbial community response to replant diseases in peach orchards

LI Wei-hua, CHEN Peng, WANG Yu-zhu, LIU Qi-zhi

2023, 22 (4): 1082-1092. DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.121

Abstract （213） PDF in ScienceDirect

This study attempted to monitor the development of microbial communities and reveal the correlation between the soil microbial community and soil nutrient factors over different years following the replanting of peach trees. The replanted soil (RS) and nonreplanted soil (NRS) were collected from peach orchards with different growth years (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13 years) in the same region. The soil bacterial and fungal community diversities were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology. Redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to show the correlation between the soil microbial community and environmental variables. The alpha diversities of the bacterial and fungal communities indicated that RS contained a higher abundance of bacterial and fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) than NRS. NMDS and ANOSIM analyses showed that the soil bacterial and fungal communities were significantly (P<0.01) affected by planting years, and that the main changes occurred in the first and ninth planting years. The presence of the bacterial orders Sphingobacteriales, Burkholderiales and Actinomycetales changed significantly after replanting. Some bacteria associated with bioremediation, such as Burkholderiales and Intrasporangiaceae, and some harmful pathogens, such as Penicillium and Ophiostomatales, significantly increased after replanting (LDA score>3.0). In addition, the soil nutrient contents were lower in RS than in NRS in the early stage (1–5 years), and the RDA showed that bacterial and fungal phyla are closely associated with environmental variables, including the potential of hydrogen (pH), ammonium nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP) and available potassium (AK). These results lead to a deeper understanding of the microbial responses to replanting in peach orchards.

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Increasing the appropriate seedling density for higher yield in dry direct-seeded rice sown by a multifunctional seeder after wheat-straw return

TIAN Jin-yu, LI Shao-ping, CHENG Shuang, LIU Qiu-yuan, ZHOU Lei, TAO Yu, XING Zhi-peng, HU Ya-jie, GUO Bao-wei, WEI Hai-yan, ZHANG Hong-cheng

2023, 22 (2): 400-416. DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.064

Abstract （282） PDF in ScienceDirect

Dry direct-seeded rice (DDR) sown using a multifunctional seeder that performs synchronous rotary tillage and sowing has received increased attention because it is highly efficient, relatively cheap, and environmentally friendly. However, this method of rice production may produce lower yields in a rice–wheat rotation system because of its poor seedling establishment. To address this problem, we performed field experiments to determine the rice yield at five seedling density levels (B1, B2, B3, B4, and B5=100, 190, 280, 370, and 460 seedlings m⁻², respectively) and clarify the physiological basis of yield formation. We selected a representative high-quality rice variety and a multifunctional seeder that used in a typical rice–wheat rotation area in 2016 and 2018. The proportion of main stem panicle increased with increasing seedling density. There was a parabolic relationship between yield and seedling density, and the maximum yield (9.34−9.47 t ha⁻¹) was obtained under B3. The maximum yield was associated with a higher total spikelet number m⁻² and greater biomass accumulation from heading to maturity. The higher total spikelet number m⁻² under B3 was attributed to an increase in panicle number m⁻² compared with B1 and B2. Although the panicle numbers also increased under B4 and B5, these increases were insufficient to compensate for the reduced spikelet numbers per panicle. Lower biomass, smaller leaf area, and lower N uptake per plant from the stem elongation stage to the heading stage were partially responsible for the smaller panicle size at higher seedling density levels such as B5. The higher biomass accumulation under B3 was ascribed to the increases in the photosynthetic rate of the top three leaves m⁻² of land, crop growth rate, net assimilation rate, and leaf area index. Furthermore, the B3 rice population was marked by a higher grain–leaf ratio, as well as a lower export ratio and transport ratio of biomass per stem-sheath. A quadratic function predicted that 260−290 seedlings m⁻² is the optimum seedling density for achieving maximum yield. Together, these results suggested that appropriately increasing the seedling density, and thereby increasing the proportion of panicles formed by the main stem, is an effective approach for obtaining a higher yield in DDR sown using a multifunctional seeder in a rice–wheat rotation system.

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Twice-split phosphorus application alleviates low-temperature impacts on wheat by improved spikelet development and setting

XU Hui, HOU Kuo-yang, FANG Hao, LIU Qian-qian, WU Qiu, LIN Fei-fei, DENG Rui, ZHANG Lin-jie, CHEN Xiang, LI Jin-cai

2023, 22 (12): 3667-3680. DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.09.013

Abstract （158） PDF in ScienceDirect

Extreme low-temperature incidents have become more frequent and severe as climate change intensifies. In Huang-Huai-Hai wheat growing area of China, the late spring coldness occurring at the jointing-booting stage (the anther interval stage) has resulted in significant yield losses of winter wheat. This study attempts to develop an economical, feasible, and efficient cultivation technique for improving the low-temperature (LT) resistance of wheat by exploring the effects of twice-split phosphorus application (TSPA) on wheat antioxidant characteristics and carbon and nitrogen metabolism physiology under LT treatment at the anther interval stage using Yannong 19 as the experimental material. The treatments consisted of traditional phosphorus application and TSPA, followed by a –4°C LT treatment and natural temperature (NT) control at the anther interval stage. Our analyses showed that, compared with the traditional application, the TSPA increased the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration rate (Tr) of leaves and reduced the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci). The activity of carbon and nitrogen metabolism enzymes in the young wheat spikes was also increased by the TSPA, which promoted the accumulation of soluble sugar (SS), sucrose (SUC), soluble protein (SP), and proline (Pro) in young wheat spike and reduced the toxicity of malondialdehyde (MDA). Due to the improved organic nutrition for reproductive development, the young wheat spikes exhibited enhanced LT resistance, which reduced the sterile spikelet number (SSN) per spike by 11.8% and increased the spikelet setting rate (SSR) and final yield by 6.0 and 8.4%, respectively, compared to the traditional application. The positive effects of split phosphorus application became more pronounced when the LT treatment was prolonged.

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Analysis of genetic diversity and population structure in sweetpotato using SSR markers

LIU Cheng, ZHAO Ning, JIANG Zhi-cheng, ZHANG Huan, ZHAI Hong, HE Shao-zhen, GAO Shao-pei, LIU Qing-chang

2023, 22 (11): 3408-3415. DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.02.004

Abstract （196） PDF in ScienceDirect

Sweetpotato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam., is an important food crop worldwide. Large scale evaluation of sweetpotato germplasm for genetic diversity is necessary to determine the genetic relationships between them and effectively use them in the genetic improvement. In this study, the genetic diversity of 617 sweetpotato accessions, including 376 landraces and 162 bred varieties from China and 79 introduced varieties from 11 other countries, was assessed using 30 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer pairs with high polymorphism. Based on the population structure analysis, these sweetpotato accessions were divided into three groups, Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3, which included 228, 136 and 253 accessions, respectively. Consistent results were obtained by phylogenic analysis and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). Of the three groups, Group 2 showed the highest level of genetic diversity and its accessions were mainly distributed in low-latitude regions. The accessions from South China exhibited the highest level of genetic diversity, which supports the hypothesis that Fujian and Guangdong were the first regions where sweetpotato was introduced to China. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated significant genetic differentiations between the different groups, but low levels of genetic differentiation existed between the different origins and accession types. These results provide valuable information for the better utilization of these accessions in sweetpotato breeding.

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A geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase gene, IbGGPS, increases carotenoid contents in transgenic sweetpotato

LI Rui-jie, ZHAI Hong, HE Shao-zhen, ZHANG Huan, ZHAO Ning, LIU Qing-chang

2022, 21 (9): 2538-2546. DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.029

Abstract （234） PDF in ScienceDirect

Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase (GGPS) plays an important role in the biosynthesis of carotenoids. In a previous study, the IbGGPS gene was isolated from a sweetpotato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam., line Nongdafu 14 with high carotenoid contents, but its role and underlying mechanisms in carotenoid biosynthesis in sweetpotato were not investigated. In the present study, the IbGGPS gene was introduced into a sweetpotato cv. Lizixiang and the contents of β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin and lutein were significantly increased in the storage roots of the IbGGPS-overexpressing sweetpotato plants. Further analysis showed that IbGGPS gene overexpression systematically up-regulated the genes involved in the glycolytic, 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) and carotenoid pathways, which increased the carotenoid contents in the transgenic plants. These results indicate that the IbGGPS gene has the potential for use in improving the carotenoid contents in sweetpotato and other plants.

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Yield penalty of maize (Zea mays L.) under heat stress in different growth stages: A review

LI Teng, ZHANG Xue-peng, LIU Qing, LIU Jin, CHEN Yuan-quan, SUI Peng

2022, 21 (9): 2465-2476. DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.013

Abstract （633） PDF in ScienceDirect

Maize (Zea mays L.) can exhibit yield penalties as a result of unfavorable changes to growing conditions. The main threat to current and future global maize production is heat stress. Maize may suffer from heat stress in all of the growth stages, either continuously or separately. In order to manage the impact of climate driven heat stress on the different growth stages of maize, there is an urgent need to understand the similarities and differences in how heat stress affects maize growth and yield in the different growth stages. For the purposes of this review, the maize growth cycle was divided into seven growth stages, namely the germination and seedling stage, early ear expansion stage, late vegetative growth stage before flowering, flowering stage, lag phase, effective grain-filling stage, and late grain-filling stage. The main focus of this review is on the yield penalty and the potential physiological changes caused by heat stress in these seven different stages. The commonalities and differences in heat stress related impacts on various physiological processes in the different growth stages are also compared and discussed. Finally, a framework is proposed to describe the main influences on yield components in different stages, which can serve as a useful guide for identifying management interventions to mitigate heat stress related declines in maize yield.

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Low soil carbon saturation deficit limits the abundance of cbbL-carrying bacteria under long-term no-tillage maize cultivation in northern China

YIN Tao, QIN Hong-ling, YAN Chang-rong, LIU Qi, HE Wen-qing

2022, 21 (8): 2399-2412. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63800-5

Abstract （287） PDF in ScienceDirect

The responses of cbbL-carrying bacteria to different levels of soil carbon saturation deficits (SCSD) under tillage managements are largely unknown. We assessed the influence of SCSD on the abundance and diversity of cbbL-carrying bacteria under long-term no-tillage with residue retention (NT) and conventional tillage without residue retention (CT) cultivation systems in maize. We found SCSD was smaller under NT than under CT in the 0–15 cm soil layer. The abundance and the Shannon diversity of cbbL-carrying bacteria in the NT treatment were lower than in the CT treatment. Soil carbon saturation and cbbL gene abundance showed a significant positive correlation, but there was no correlation between soil carbon saturation and cbbL gene diversity. However, the long-term NT practice decreased cbbL-carrying bacteria diversity and altered the community structure of the cbbL-carrying bacteria. Our results indicated that low SCSD limited the abundance of cbbL-carrying bacteria, but there was no relationship between low SCSD and diversity of cbbL-carrying bacteria. We suggest that further studies of cbbL-carrying bacteria carbon sequestration rates and capacity should be based on the effect of management practices on cbbL-carrying bacteria abundance and diversity. Our study has important implications for the relationship between the biological and physicochemical mechanisms in CO₂ fixation.

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Variations in the quality parameters and gluten proteins in synthetic hexaploid wheats solely expressing the Glu-D1 locus

DAI Shou-fen, CHEN Hai-xia, LI Hao-yuan, YANG Wan-jun, ZHAI Zhi, LIU Qian-yu, LI Jian, YAN Ze-hong

2022, 21 (7): 1877-1885. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63651-1

Abstract （196） PDF in ScienceDirect

This study evaluated the quality potential of seven synthetic hexaploid wheats (2n=6x=42, AABBDD) expressing only allelic variation at Glu-D1 of Aegilops tauschii (SHWSD). Major quality parameters related to dough strength, gluten proteins (including high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS), gliadins), and their ratios between SHWSD and the weak gluten wheat control Chuannong 16 (CN16) were measured in at least three environments (except STD7). The zeleny sedimentation value (ZSV), dough development time (DDT), dough stability time (DST), and farinograph quality number (FQN) of SHWSD were considered stable under different environments, with their respective ranges being 8.00–17.67 mL, 0.57–1.50 min, 0.73–1.80 min, and 9.50–27.00. The ZSV, DDT, DST, and FQN of SHWSD were smaller than those of CN16, suggesting that SHWSD had a weaker dough strength than CN16. Although SHWSD had a lower gluten index than CN16, its wet and dry gluten contents were similar to or even higher than those of CN16 in all environments tested. The protein content of grains (12.81–18.21%) and flours (14.20–20.31%) in SHWSD was higher than that in CN16. The amount of HMW-GS in SHWSD sharply decreased under the expression of fewer HMW-GS genes, and the LMW-GS, gliadins, and total glutenins were simultaneously increased in SHWSD in comparison with CN16. Moreover, SHWSD had higher ratios of LMW-GS/glutenin and gliadin/glutenin but a lower ratio of HMW-GS/glutenin than CN16. These results provide necessary information for the utilization of SHWSD in weak-gluten wheat breeding.

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Nitrogen application affects maize grain filling by regulating grain water relations

WU Ya-wei, ZHAO Bo, LI Xiao-long, LIU Qin-lin, FENG Dong-ju, LAN Tian-qiong, KONG Fan-lei, LI Qiang, YUAN Ji-chao

2022, 21 (4): 977-994. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63589-4

Abstract （292） PDF in ScienceDirect

Grain water relations play an important role in grain filling in maize. The study aimed to gain a clear understanding of the changes in grain dry weight and water relations in maize grains by using hybrids with contrasting nitrogen efficiencies under differing nitrogen levels. The objectives were: 1) to understand the changes in dry matter and percent moisture content (MC) during grain development in response to different nitrogen application rates and 2) to determine whether nitrogen application affects grain filling by regulating grain water relations. Two maize hybrids, high N-efficient Zhenghong 311 (ZH311) and low N-efficient Xianyu 508 (XY508), were grown in the field under four levels of N fertilizer: 0, 150, 300, and 450 kg N ha^–1 during three growing seasons. Dry weight, percent MC and water content (WC) of basal–middle and apical grains were investigated. The difference in the maximum WC and filling duration of basal–middle and apical grains in maize ears resulted in a significant difference in final grain weight. Grain position markedly influenced grain drying down; specifically, the drying down rate of apical grains was faster than that of basal–middle grains. Genotype and grain position both influenced the impact of nitrogen application rate on grain filling and drying down. Nitrogen rate determined the maximum grain WC and percent MC loss rate in the middle and the late grain-filling stages, thus affecting final grain weight. The use of high N-efficient hybrids, combined with the reduction of nitrogen application rate, can coordinate basal–middle and apical grain drying down to ensure yield. This management strategy could lead to a win–win situation in which the maximum maize yield, efficient mechanical harvest and environmental safety are all achieved.

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Dispersal routes of Cercospora zeina causing maize gray leaf spot in China

DUAN Can-xing, ZHAO Li-ping, WANG Jie, LIU Qing-kui, YANG Zhi-huan, WANG Xiao-ming

2022, 21 (10): 2943-2956. DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.042

Abstract （182） PDF in ScienceDirect

The gray leaf spot caused by Cercospora zeina has become a serious disease in maize in China. The isolates of C. zeina from Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Hubei, Chongqing, Gansu, and Shaanxi were collected. From those, 127 samples were used for genetic diversity analysis based on inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and 108 samples were used for multi-gene sequence analysis based on five gene fragments. The results indicated that populations of C. zeina were differentiated with a relatively high genetic level and were classified into two major groups and seven subgroups. The intra-population genetic differentiation of C. zeina is the leading cause of population variation in China, and inter-population genetic similarity is closely related to the colonization time and spread direction. The multi-gene sequence analysis of C. zeina isolates demonstrated that there were nine haplotypes. Genetic diversity and multi-gene sequence revealed that Yunnan population of C. zeina, the earliest colonizing in China, had the highest genetic and haplotype diversity and had experienced an expansion event. With the influence of the southwest monsoon in the Indian Ocean, C. zeina from Yunnan gradually moved to Sichuan, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Gansu, and Chongqing. Meanwhile, C. zeina was transferred directly from the Yunnan into the Hubei Province via seed and then came into Shaanxi, Henan, and Chongqing along with the wind from Hubei.

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Sexual compatibility of transgenic soybean and different wild soybean populations

HU Yu-qi, SHENG Ze-wen, LIU Jin-yue, LIU Qi, QIANG Shen, SONG Xiao-ling, LIU Biao

2022, 21 (1): 36-48. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63385-8

Abstract （271） PDF in ScienceDirect

The introduction of genetically modified (GM) soybean into farming systems raises great concern that transgenes from GM soybean may flow to endemic wild soybean via pollen. This may increase the weediness of transgenic soybean by increasing the fitness of hybrids under certain conditions and threaten the genetic diversity of wild soybean populations. Although pollen-mediated gene flow between GM crops and wild relatives is dependent on many factors, the sexual compatibility (SC) determined by their genetic backgrounds is the conclusive factor. The considerable genetic variation among wild soybean populations may cause compatibility differences between different wild and cultivated soybeans. Thus, an evaluation of the SC between transgenic soybean and different wild soybeans is essential for assessing the environmental consequences of cultivated soybean–wild soybean transgene flow. The podding and seed sets were assessed after artificial hybridization using transgenic glyphosate-resistant soybean as the paternal parent and 18 wild soybean populations as the maternal parents. Then, the average number of filled seeds produced in 200 flowers (AFS) was calculated for each wild soybean under natural self-pollination as well as under artificial crossing with transgenic soybean. Finally, the index of cross-SC was calculated (ICSC) as the ratio of the AFS of wild soybean artificially crossed with transgenic soybean and the AFS of naturally self-pollinated wild soybean. The results demonstrated that after self-pollination and crossing with transgenic soybean, the average podding rates of 18 wild soybean populations ranged within 96.50–99.50% and 4.92–18.03%, and the average filled seed numbers per pod varied from 1.70 to 2.69 and 0.20 to 0.48, respectively. The results showed that approximately 89% of wild soybeans displayed either medium or higher than medium SC with transgenic soybean (ICSC>1.0%). This implied the high possibility of gene flow via pollen from transgenic soybean to wild soybean.

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Improving grain appearance of erect-panicle japonica rice cultivars by introgression of the null gs9 allele

ZHAO Dong-sheng, LIU Jin-yu, DING Ai-qiu, ZHANG Tao, REN Xin-yu, ZHANG Lin, LI Qian-feng, FAN Xiao-lei, ZHANG Chang-quan, LIU Qiao-quan

2021, 20 (8): 2032-2042. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63659-6

Abstract （201） PDF in ScienceDirect

The panicle architecture and grain size of rice affect not only grain yield but also grain quality, especially grain appearance. The erect-panicle (EP) trait controlled by the qpe9-1/dep1 allele has been widely used in high-yielding japonica rice breeding, but usually accompanied with moderate appearance of milled rice. The null gs9 allele shows a good potential for improving grain shape and appearance. However, GS9 and qPE9-1/DEP1 loci are tightly linked, and their interaction is unclear, which obviously restricts their utilization in modern rice breeding. In the present study, comparative analyses of protein and mRNA levels revealed that GS9 and qPE9-1 function independently. Three near-isogenic lines (NILs) carrying various allelic combinations of these two loci, NIL (gs9/qpe9-1), NIL (GS9/qPE9-1) and NIL (gs9/qPE9-1), in the EP japonica cultivar 2661 (GS9/qpe9-1) background were developed for genetic interaction analysis. GS9 and qPE9-1 had additive effects on determining grain size, and the null gs9 allele could decrease grain chalkiness and improve grain appearance without affecting plant and panicle architecture in EP japonica cultivars. Additionally, introgression lines (ILs) developed in another released EP japonica cultivar Wuyujing 27 (WYJ27) background showed the same additive effect and the feasibility of utilizing the gs9 allele to improve grain appearance quality in high-yielding EP cultivars. This study provides an effective strategy for rice breeders to improve rice grain appearance in EP japonica and related cultivars.

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Potential influence of carbohydrate and amino acid intake by adults on the population dynamics of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

LI Chuan-ming, XU Jian, LIU Qin, HAN Guang-jie, XU Bin, YANG Yi-zhong, LIU Xian-jin

2021, 20 (7): 1889-1897. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63419-0

Abstract （124） PDF in ScienceDirect

Cnaphalocrocis medinalis is a key lepidopteran pest of rice. However, little is known about the nutritional requirements of the adult or the effects of adult-derived nutrients on reproduction. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of carbohydrates and amino acids on the reproductive and demographic parameters of C.?medinalis. Different feeding solutions significantly influenced adult survival and reproduction. All the sources of carbohydrates used in the treatments (fructose, glucose, and sucrose) were sufficient to increase adult longevity and fecundity, and benefited the development of ovaries in the adult stage. The positive impact of carbohydrates on lifetime fecundity was due to the prolonged oviposition period and the increased daily fecundity. The intrinsic rate of increase (r_m) of C.?medinalis increased from 0.103 in water-fed individuals to approximately 0.138 when adults were fed with solutions containing carbohydrates. In contrast, amino acid intake by adult insects exhibited no effect on the longevity, fecundity, ovarian development or population growth, even showing an impact of decreasing longevity of females. As nectar secreted by the flowering plant is generally rich in sugars, the potential effects of nectar on the adults of C.?medinalis and other pests have to be considered during the development of biological control by applying flowering plants as a microhabitat and food source for natural enemies in rice fields.

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Characterization and map-based cloning of miniature2-m1, a gene controlling kernel size in maize

GUAN Hai-ying, DONG Yong-bin, LU Shou-ping, LIU Tie-shan, HE Chun-mei, LIU Chun-xiao, LIU Qiang, DONG Rui, WANG Juan, LI Yu-ling, QI Shi-jun, WANG Li-ming

2020, 19 (8): 1961-1973. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62797-8

Abstract （159） PDF in ScienceDirect

Kernel development plays an important role in determining kernel size in maize. Here we present the cloning and characterization of a maize gene, nitrate transporter1.5 (NRT1.5), which controls small kernel phenotype by playing an important role in kernel development. A novel recessive small kernel mutant miniature2-m1 (mn2-m1) was isolated from self-pollinated progenies of breeding materials. The mutant spontaneously showed small kernel character arresting both embryo and endosperm development at an early stage after pollination. Utilizing 21 polymorphic SSR markers, the mn2-m1 locus was limited to a 209.9-kb interval using 9 176 recessive individuals of a BC1 segregating population from mn2-m1/B73. Only one annotated gene was located in this 209.9 kb region, Zm00001d019294, which was predicted to encode nitrate transporter1.5 (NRT1.5). Allelism tests confirmed that mn2-m1 was allelic to miniature2-m2 (mn2-m2) and miniature2-710B (mn2-710B). The mn2-m1 and mn2-m2 alleles both had nucleotide deletions in the coding region resulting in premature termination, and the mn2-710B allele had some missence mutations. Subcellular localization showed that Miniature 2 (MN2) is localized in the plasma membrane. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that the expression of MN2 and some genes involved in the basal endosperm transfer layer (BETL) and embryo surrounding region (ESR) development were affected in mn2-m1 seeds. These results suggested that MN2 plays an important role in maize seed development.

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BmApontic is involved in neurodevelopment in the silkworm Bombyx mori

MENG Miao, YU Qi, WANG Qin, LIU Chun, LIU Zhao-yang, REN Chun-jiu, CUI Wei-zheng, LIU Qing-xin

2020, 19 (6): 1439-1446. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62787-5

Abstract （100） PDF in ScienceDirect

The nervous system of the silkworm is vital for the development of organisms. It achieves and maintains normal life activities by regulating the function of the organs and all kinds of physiological processes in the silkworm. BmApontic (BmApt), as an important bZIP transcription factor, is required for the formation of pigmentation in the silkworm. However, the function of BmApt in the development of the nervous system of the silkworm remains unclear. Here, we showed that amino acid sequence of BmApt was evolutionarily conserved in its Myb/SANT motif and basic DNA binding domain. BmApt was expressed in the nervous system at the embryonic stage. Knockdown of Bmapt by RNA interference resulted in abnormal development of axons. Moreover, the expression of BmnetrinA, BmnetrinB and Bmfrazzled was decreased in the Bmapt knockdown embryos. These results demonstrate that BmApt controls neurodevelopment by activating the expression of Bmnetrin and Bmfrazzled.

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Effects of palm fat powder and coated folic acid on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility and hepatic fat accumulation of Holstein dairy bulls

ZHANG Zhen, LIU Qiang, WANG Cong, GUO Gang, HUO Wen-jie, ZHANG Yan-li, PEI Cai-xia, ZHANG Shuan-lin

2020, 19 (4): 1074-1084. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62752-8

Abstract （135） PDF in ScienceDirect

This study evaluated the effects of palm fat powder (PFP) and coated folic acid (CFA) on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, microbial enzyme activity, microflora, hepatic lipid content and gene expression in dairy bulls. Forty-eight Chinese Holstein bulls ((362±12.4) days of age and (483±27.1) kg of body weight (BW)) were assigned to four groups in a completely randomized design with a 2×2 factorial arrangements. Supplemental PFP (0 or 30 g PFP kg^–1 dietary dry matter (DM)) and CFA (0 or 120 mg FA d^–1 as CFA) were mixed into the top one-third of a total mixed ration. The study included a 20-day adaptation period and followed by a 90-day collection period. The lower (P<0.01) feed conversion ratio with PFP or CFA addition resulted from the constant DM intake and the higher (P<0.05) average daily gain. The higher (P<0.05) ruminal pH, ether extract digestibility, microbial α-amylase activity, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens copy, and expression of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 (CPT1), and lower ruminal total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration, acetate to propionate ratio, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility, copies of total protozoa and Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP1) and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase α (ACACA) were observed for PFP addition. Supplementation with CFA increased (P<0.05) ruminal total VFA concentration, acetate to propionate ratio, digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein and NDF, activity of cellobiase, pectinase and α-amylase, copies of selected microbial except for total protozoa, as well as expression of PPARα, but decreased (P<0.05) ruminal pH, and expression of SREBP1 and ACACA. The PFP×CFA interaction (P<0.05) was observed for ammonia N, hepatic TG content, and mRNA expression of CPT1 and FAS. There had no significant difference in hepatic TG content when CFA was supplemented in the diet without PFP addition, the lower (P=0.001) hepatic TG content was observed when CFA was supplemented in the diet with PFP addition. The higher (P<0.05) mRNA expression of CPT1, and the lower (P<0.05) mRNA expression of FAS and ammonia N concentration were observed when CFA was supplemented in diet either without or with PFP addition. The results indicated that supplementation of CFA in PFP diet was more effective on increasing hepatic CPT1 expression, and decreasing ammonia N, hepatic TG content and FAS expression than in diet without PFP. Supplementation with PFP or CFA improved growth performance of dairy bulls by promoting nutrient utilization, microbial enzyme activity, microflora, and hepatic gene expression.

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Translocation and recovery of ¹⁵N-labeled N derived from the foliar uptake of ¹⁵NH₃ by the greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

HUANG Hui-ying, LI Huan, XIANG Dan, LIU Qing, LI Fei, LIANG Bin

2020, 19 (3): 859-865. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62670-5

Abstract （107） PDF in ScienceDirect

In order to completely evaluate ammonia emission from greenhouse vegetable fields, crop canopy absorption should not be neglected. The foliar uptake of NH₃ applied at two growth stages and the subsequent ¹⁵N-labeled N translocation to other plant components were investigated under greenhouse conditions using chambers covered with the soil of a tomato field. Treatments comprised three NH₃-N application rates (70, 140, and 210 mg/plot) using 15N-labeled ammonium sulfate. Plants were harvested immediately after exposure for 24 h, and the total N concentrations and 15N/14N ratios were determined. With increased NH₃ concentration, total ¹⁵NH₃-N absorption increased considerably, whereas the applied ¹⁵NH₃-N uptake decreased gradually. The tomato plants absorbed 33–38% and 24–31% of the ¹⁵NH₃-N generated at the anthesis and fruit growth stages, respectively. A total of 71–80% of the recovered NH₃ was observed in the leaves and 20–30% of the recovered NH₃ was remobilized to other components. Among them, an average of 10% of the absorbed ¹⁵NH₃-N was transferred into the tomato fruits. All these results indicated the potential of the tested tomatoes for the foliar uptake of atmospheric ¹⁵NH₃ and the distribution of 15N-labeled vegetative N among different plant components. The results are of great importance for the complete evaluation of nitrogen use efficiency in the greenhouse tomato fields.

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The effect of lactic acid bacteria inoculums on in vitro rumen fermentation, methane production, ruminal cellulolytic bacteria populations and cellulase activities of corn stover silage

GUO Gang, SHEN Chen, LIU Qiang, ZHANG Shuan-lin, SHAO Tao, WANG Cong, WANG Yong-xin, XU Qing-fang, HUO Wen-jie

2020, 19 (3): 838-847. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62707-3

Abstract （138） PDF in ScienceDirect

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculums on fermentation quality and in vitro digestibility of corn stover silage. Corn stover was ensiled without (control) or with Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), Enterococcus faecalis (EF), and Enterococcus mundtii (EM) for 45 days. The fermentation characteristics were assessed, and subsequent in vitro dry matter digestibility (DM-D), neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDF-D), volatile fatty acids (VFA), methane (CH₄) production, cellulolytic bacteria proportions and their activities per corn stover silage were also determined. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) among the silage pH, lactic acid, crude protein (CP), water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and lignocelluloses contents of different treatments. The relative proportions of Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Fibrobacter succinogenes, carboxymethyl-ocellulose and β-glycosidase activities, DM-D, NDF-D, and VFA production of in vitro incubation was higher (P<0.05) for silages inoculated with LP and EF than those of the control silage. Silage inoculated with LP showed the lowest (P<0.05) CH₄ production per unit yield of VFA, which was positively corresponded to the lowest (P<0.05) ratio of acetate to propionate. In summary, the ensiling fermentation quality and subsequent utilization of corn stover silage were efficiently improved by inoculated with L. plantarum.

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Silencing the SLB3 transcription factor gene decreases drought stress tolerance in tomato

WANG Zi-yu, bAO Yu-fang, PEI Tong, WU Tai-ru, DU Xu, HE Meng-xi, WANG Yue, LIU Qi-feng, YANG Huan-huan, JIANG Jing-bin, ZHANG He, LI Jing-fu, ZHAO Ting-ting, XU Xiang-yang

2020, 19 (11): 2699-2708. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63350-0

Abstract （128） PDF in ScienceDirect

BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR 1 (BES1) transcription factor is closely associated with the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathway and plays an important role in plant growth and development. SLB3 is a member of BES1 transcription factor family and its expression was previously shown to increase significantly in tomato seedlings under drought stress. In the present study,we used virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology to downregulate SLB3 expression to reveal the function of the SLB3 gene under drought stress further. The downregulated expression of SLB3 weakened the drought tolerance of the plants appeared earlier wilting and higher accumulation of H₂O₂ and O₂^–·, decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and increased proline (PRO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and peroxidase (POD) activity. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of BR-related genes revealed that the expression of SlCPD, SlDWARF and BIN2-related genes was significantly upregulated in SLB3-silenced seedlings under drought stress, but that the expression of TCH4-related genes was downregulated. These results showed that silencing the SLB3 gene reduced the drought resistance of tomato plants and had an impact on the BR signaling transduction which may be probably responsible for the variation in drought resistance of the tomato plants.

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Field effect of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis granulovirus (CnmeGV) on the pest of rice leaffolder

XU Jian, LIU Qin, LI Chuan-ming, HAN Guang-jie

2019, 18 (9): 2115-2122. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62097-0

Abstract （139） PDF in ScienceDirect

Rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée), has become a major pest throughout the rice cultivating areas of China and caused severe damage to rice production. Cnaphalocrocis medinalis granulovirus (CnmeGV), a naturally occurring baculovirus, is revealed as a potential microbial agent for the pest control. Field applications of CnmeGV were conducted against rice leaffolder larvae in rice paddies. CnmeGV infected the larvae not only in the current generation but also in the successive generation, resulting in a sustained infection in the larva population for at least 48 days. Under diferent concentrations of CnmeGV (7.5×10¹¹ and 1.125×10¹² occlusion body (OB) ha^–1) at 30 days after spraying, larval population reduced up to 76.32% and rice leaf rolled rate kept in 15.42%. Simultaneously, CnmeGV had no impact on arthropod predators of C. medinalis, with abundances ranging from 2.39 to 3.79 per ten hills. These results revealed that CnmeGV is suitable as a bio-pesticide for rice leaffolder management in rice paddies.

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The impacts of climate change on wheat yield in the Huang-Huai- Hai Plain of China using DSSAT-CERES-Wheat model under different climate scenarios

QU Chun-hong, LI Xiang-xiang, JU Hui, LIU Qin

2019, 18 (6): 1379-1391. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62585-2

Abstract （241） PDF in ScienceDirect

Climate change has been documented as a major threat to current agricultural strategies. Progress in understanding the impact of climate change on crop yield is essential for agricultural climate adaptation, especially for the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain (3H Plain) of China which is an area known to be vulnerable to global warming. In this study, the impacts of climate change on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield between the baseline period (1981–2010) and two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP8.5 and RCP4.5) were simulated for the short-term (2010–2039), the medium-term (2040–2069) and the long-term (2070–2099) in the 3H Plain, by considering the relative contributions of changes in temperature, solar radiation and precipitation using the DSSAT-CERES-Wheat model. Results indicated that the maximum and minimum temperatures (TMAX and TMIN), solar radiation (SRAD), and precipitation (PREP) during the winter wheat season increased under these two RCPs. Yield analysis found that wheat yield increased with the increase in SRAD, PREP and CO2 concentration, but decreased with an increase in temperature. Increasing precipitation contributes the most to the total impact, increasing wheat yield by 9.53, 6.62 and 23.73% for the three terms of future climate under RCP4.5 scenario, and 11.74, 16.38 and 27.78% for the three terms of future climate under RCP8.5 scenario. However, as increases in temperature bring higher evapotranspiration, which further aggravated water deficits, the supposed negative effect of increasing thermal resources decreased wheat yield by 1.92, 4.08 and 5.24% for the three terms of future climate under RCP4.5 scenario, and 3.64, 5.87 and 5.81% for the three terms of future climate under RCP8.5 scenario with clearly larger decreases in RCP8.5. Counterintuitively, the impacts in southern sub-regions were positive, but they were all negative in the remaining sub-regions. Our analysis demonstrated that in the 3H Plain, which is a part of the mid-high latitude region, the effects of increasing thermal resources were counteracted by the aggravated water deficits caused by the increase in temperature.

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Changes in fungal community and diversity in strawberry rhizosphere soil after 12 years in the greenhouse

LI Wei-hua, LIU Qi-zhi

2019, 18 (3): 677-687. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62003-9

Abstract （278） PDF （829KB）（205）

Soil fungi play a very important role in the soil ecological environment. In agricultural production, long-term monoculture and continuous cropping lead to changes in fungal community diversity. However, the effects of long-term monoculture and continuous cropping on strawberry plant health and fungal community diversity have not been elucidated. In this study, using high-throughput sequencing (HTS), we compared the fungal community and diversity of strawberry rhizosphere soil after various durations of continuous cropping (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 years). The results showed that soil fungal diversity increased with consecutive cropping years. Specifically, the soil-borne disease pathogens Fusarium and Guehomyces were significantly increased after strawberry continuous cropping, and the abundance of nematicidal (Arthrobotrys) fungi decreased from the fourth year of continuous cropping. The results of correlation analysis suggest that these three genera might be key fungi that contribute to the changes in soil properties that occur during continuous cropping. In addition, physicochemical property analysis showed that the soil nutrient content began to decline after the fourth year of continuous cropping. Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that soil pH, available potassium (AK) and ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) were the most important edaphic factors leading to contrasting beneficial and pathogenic associations across consecutive strawberry cropping systems.

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Transcriptome profiling reveals insights into the molecular mechanism of drought tolerance in sweetpotato

ZHU Hong, ZHOU Yuan-yuan, ZHAI Hong, HE Shao-zhen, ZHAO Ning, LIU Qing-chang

2019, 18 (1): 9-24. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)61934-3

Abstract （282） PDF in ScienceDirect

Sweetpotato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam., is a globally important food crop and usually grown on arid- and semi-arid lands. Therefore, investigating the molecular mechanism of drought tolerance will provide important information for the improvement of drought tolerance in this crop. In this study, transcriptome analysis of the drought-tolerant sweetpotato line Xushu 55-2 was conducted on Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. A total of 86.69 Gb clean data were generated and assembled into 2 671 693 contigs, 222 073 transcripts, and 73 636 unigenes. In total, 11 359 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified after PEG6000 treatment, in which 7 666 were up-regulated and 3 693 were down-regulated. Of the 11 359 DEGs, 10 192 DEGs were annotated in at least one database, and the remaining 1 167 DEGs were unknown. Abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ETH), and jasmonic acid (JA) signalling pathways play a major role in drought tolerance of sweetpotato. Drought-inducible transcription factors were identified, some of which have been reported to be associated with drought tolerance and others are unknown in plants. In addition, 7 643 SSRs were detected. This study not only reveals insights into the molecular mechanism of drought tolerance in sweetpotato but also provides the candidate genes involved in drought tolerance of this crop.

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Host status of Brachypodium distachyon to the cereal cyst nematode

CHEN Chang-long, LIU Shu-sen, LIU Qian, NIU Jun-hai, LIU Pei, ZHAO Jian-long, LIU Zhi-yong, LI Hong-jie, JIAN Heng

2018, 17 (2): 381-388. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61745-3

Abstract （726） PDF in ScienceDirect

Cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae, CCN) distributes worldwide and has caused severe damage to cereal crops, and a model host will greatly aid in the study of this nematode. In this research, we assessed the sensitivity of 25 inbred lines of Brachypodium distachyon to H. avenae from Beijing, China. All lines of B. distachyon were infested by second-stage juveniles (J2s) of H. avenae from Daxing District of Beijing population, but only 13 inbred lines reproduced 0.2–3 cysts/plant, showing resistance. The entire root system of the infested B. distachyon appeared smaller and the fibrous roots were shorter and less numerous. We found that a dose of 1 000 J2s of H. avenae was sufficient for nematode infestation. We showed that Koz-1 of B. distachyon could reproduce more cysts than TR2A line. Line Koz-1 also supported the complete life cycles of 5 CCN geographical populations belonging to the Ha1 or Ha3 pathotype group. Our results suggest that B. distachyon is a host for CCN.

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Exogenous application of a low concentration of melatonin enhances salt tolerance in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) seedlings

ZENG Liu, CAI Jun-song, LI Jing-jing, LU Guang-yuan, LI Chun-sheng, FU Gui-ping, ZHANG Xue-kun, MA Hai-qing, LIU Qing-yun, ZOU Xi-ling, CHENG Yong

2018, 17 (2): 328-335. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61757-X

Abstract （827） PDF in ScienceDirect

Melatonin is a naturally occurring compound in plants. Here, we tested the effect of exogenous melatonin on rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) grown under salt stress. Application of 30 μmol L^–1 melatonin alleviated salt-induced growth inhibition, and the shoot fresh weight, the shoot dry weight, the root fresh weight, and the root dry weight of seedlings treated with exogenous melatonin increased by 128.2, 142.9, 122.2, and 124.2%, respectively, compared to those under salt stress. In addition, several physiological parameters were evaluated. The activities of antioxidant enzymes including peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were enhanced by 16.5, 19.3, and 14.2% compared to their activities in plants without exogenous melatonin application under salt stress, while the H₂O₂ content was decreased by 11.2% by exogenous melatonin. Furthermore, melatonin treatment promoted solute accumulation by increasing the contents of proline (26.8%), soluble sugars (15.1%) and proteins (58.8%). The results also suggested that higher concentrations (>50 μmol L^–1) of melatonin could attenuate or even prevent the beneficial effects on seedling development. In conclusion, application of a low concentration of exogenous melatonin to rapeseed plants under salt stress can improve the H₂O₂-scavenging capacity by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as POD, CAT and APX, and can also alleviate osmotic stress by promoting the accumulation of osmoregulatory substances such as soluble proteins, proline, and water soluble glucan. Ultimately, exogenous melatonin facilitates root development and improves the biomass of rapeseed seedlings grown under salt stress, thereby effectively alleviating the damage of salt stress in rapeseed seedlings.

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Overexpression of IbSnRK1 enhances nitrogen uptake and carbon assimilation in transgenic sweetpotato

REN Zhi-tong, ZHAO Hong-yuan, HE Shao-zhen, ZHAI Hong, ZHAO Ning, LIU Qing-chang

2018, 17 (2): 296-305. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61611-8

Abstract （1094） PDF in ScienceDirect

Nitrogen is an important nutrient for plant development. Nitrogen and carbon metabolisms are tightly linked to physiological functions in plants. In this study, we found that the IbSnRK1 gene was induced by Ca(NO₃)₂. Its overexpression enhanced nitrogen uptake and carbon assimilation in transgenic sweetpotato. After Ca(¹⁵NO₃)₂ treatment, the 15N atom excess, 15N and total N content and nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUE) were significantly increased in the roots, stems, and leaves of transgenic plants compared with wild type (WT) and empty vector control (VC). After Ca(NO₃)₂ treatment, the increased nitrate N content, nitrate reductase (NR) activity, free amino acid content, and soluble protein content were found in the roots or leaves of transgenic plants. The photosynthesis and carbon assimilation were enhanced. These results suggest that the IbSnRK1 gene play a important role in nitrogen uptake and carbon assimilation of sweetpotato. This gene has the potential to be used for improving the yield and quality of sweetpotato.

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Effect of long-term continuous cropping of strawberry on soil bacterial community structure and diversity

LI Wei-hua, LIU Qi-zhi, CHEN Peng

2018, 17 (11): 2570-2582. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)61944-6

Abstract （365） PDF in ScienceDirect

Long-term monoculture leads to continuous cropping (CC) problems, which complicate agricultural production, both locally and abroad. This study contrasted the different bacterial community compositions, physicochemical properties and enzyme activities of strawberry soil subjected to CC, CC rhizosphere (CCR), non-CC (NCC) and non-CC rhizosphere (NCCR) treatments. The soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities were significantly reduced after long-term CC. In addition, five variation trends were observed for the 11 major bacterial genera in the soil. Sphingomonas was the only stable group among all treatments. The proportions of Novosphingobium, Rhodoplanes, Povalibacter, Cellvibrio and Stenotrophobacter decreased after CC. The relative abundances of Pelagibius, Thioprofundum and Allokutzneria increased only in the CC treatment. Nitrospira were more abundant in rhizosphere soil than in non-rhizosphere soil. The relative abundance of Bacillus increased after CC. Redundancy analysis revealed that Bacillus, Pelagibius and Allokutzneria had significant negative correlations with the soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities. Therefore, these genera may be the key bacteria influenced by the physicochemical properties and enzyme activities altered by replanting. These results indicate that long-term CC of strawberry leads to less favourable rhizosphere soil conditions, which can be understood as a stress-induced response of the bacterial community diversity. Further research is needed to determine how the quality of soil is reduced by the shift in the diversity of the soil bacterial community.

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Effects of slow or controlled release fertilizer types and fertilization modes on yield and quality of rice

WEI Hai-yan, CHEN Zhi-feng, XING Zhi-peng, ZHOU Lei, LIU Qiu-yuan, ZHANG Zhen-zhen, JIANG Yan, HU Ya-jie, ZHU Jin-yan, CUI Pei-yuan, DAI Qi-gen, ZHANG Hong-cheng

2018, 17 (10): 2222-2234. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62052-0

Abstract （469） PDF in ScienceDirect

There is limited information about the influence of slow or controlled release fertilizer (S/CRF) on rice yield and quality. In this study, japonica rice cultivar Nanjing 9108 was used to study the effects of three different S/CRFs (polymer-coated urea (PCU), sulfur-coated urea (SCU), and urea formaldehyde (UF)) and two fertilization modes (both S/CRF and common urea (CU) as basal fertilizer, S/CRF as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer) on rice yield and quality. CU only was applied separately as control (CK). Results showed that, rice grain yield, chalky kernel rate, chalky area, overall chalkiness, and the content of gliadin, glutenin, and protein, all showed the trends of UF>PCU>SCU within the same fertilization mode, and showed the trends of S/CRF as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer>both S/CRF and CU as basal fertilizer within the same type of S/CRF. In contrast, the contents of amylose, amylopectin, and starch, as well as taste value, and peak and hot viscosity showed trends of SCU>PCU>UF, and the trends of both S/CRF and CU as basal fertilizer>S/CRF as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer. Among S/CRF treatments and fertilization modes, taste values of cooked rice were positively correlated with amylose, amylopectin, and starch contents, as well as gel consistency, peak viscosity, hot viscosity, and cool viscosity, while negatively correlated with globulin, gliadin, glutenin, and protein contents. The types of S/CRF and fertilization modes are important for improving rice yield and quality. Compared to CK, higher yield and similar quality of rice was achieved with UF as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer, and similar yield with improved appearance and eating and cooking quality of rice was achieved with either both UF and CU as basal fertilizer, or PCU as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer.

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Quantifying muskmelon fruit attributes with A-TEP-based model and machine vision measurement

CHANG Li-ying, HE San-peng, LIU Qian, XIANG Jia-lin, HUANG Dan-feng

2018, 17 (06): 1369-1379. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)61912-4

Abstract （499） PDF （537KB）（139）

In this study, we established a dynamic morphological model using the accumulated thermal effectiveness and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) (A-TEP), aiming to explore the relationship between muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) fruit attributes and environmental factors. Muskmelon surface color was described by parameters of red, green, blue, hue, saturation and brightness (HSI). Three characteristic parameters, gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), angular second moment (ASM), entropy, contrast, and the coverage rate were used to describe the process of muskmelon fruit netting formation. ASM was not significant difference during muskmelon fruit growth. The number and deep of netting stripes gradually increased with fruit growth. Coverage rate increased rapidly for 15–30 d after pollination. The vertical and horizontal diameters of muskmelon fruit were followed a logistic curve. And root mean squared errors (RMSE) between the simulated and measured vertical and horizontal diameters were 3.527 and 4.696 mm, respectively. RMSE of red, green, blue, saturation and brightness were 0.999, 2.690, 2.992, 0.033 and 5.51, respectively, and the RMSE for entropy, contrast and coverage rates were 0.077, 0.063 and 0.015, respectively, indicating a well consistent between measured and simulated values.

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SSR fingerprinting of 203 sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) varieties

MENG Yu-sha, ZHAO Ning, LI Hui, ZHAI Hong, HE Shao-zhen, LIU Qing-chang

2018, 17 (01): 86-93. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61687-3

Abstract （646） PDF in ScienceDirect

Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers have been shown to be a powerful tool for varieties identification in plants. However, SSR fingerprinting of sweetpotato varieties has been a little reported. In this study, a total of 1 294 SSR primer pairs, including 1 215 genomic-SSR and 79 expressed sequence tag (EST)-SSR primer pairs, were screened with sweetpotato varieties Zhengshu 20 and Luoxushu 8 and their 2 F₁ individuals randomly sampled, and 273 and 38 of them generated polymorphic bands, respectively. Four genomic-SSR and 3 EST-SSR primer pairs, which showed good polymorphism, were selected to amplify 203 sweetpotato varieties and gave a total of 172 bands, 85 (49.42%) of which were polymorphic. All of the 203 sweetpotato varieties showed unique fingerprint patterns, indicating the utility of SSR markers in variety identification of this crop. Polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.5824 to 0.9322 with an average of 0.8176. SSR-based genetic distances varied from 0.0118 to 0.6353 with an average of 0.3100 among these varieties. Thus, these sweetpotato varieties exhibited high levels of genetic similarity and had distinct fingerprint profiles. The SSR fingerprints of the 203 sweetpotato varieties have been successfully constructed. The highly polymorphic SSR primer pairs developed in this study have the potential to be used as core primer pairs for variety identification, genetic diversity assessment and linkage map construction in sweetpotato and other plants.

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