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Special Issue:
玉米耕作栽培合辑Maize Physiology · Biochemistry · Cultivation · Tillage
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| Nitrogen application affects maize grain filling by regulating grain water relations |
| WU Ya-wei1*, ZHAO Bo1*, LI Xiao-long1, LIU Qin-lin1, FENG Dong-ju1, LAN Tian-qiong1, KONG Fan-lei1, LI Qiang2, YUAN Ji-chao1,3 |
1 College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R.China
2 Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology/Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, P.R.China
3 Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, P.R.China
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摘要
籽粒水分关系在玉米籽粒灌浆过程中起着重要作用。本试验以不同氮效率的杂交种为材料，在不同氮肥水平下了解玉米籽粒干重和水分关系的变化。本研究的目的是:1)了解不同施氮量对籽粒发育过程中干物质和含水率的影响，2)确定施氮是否通过调节籽粒水分关系的变化来影响籽粒灌浆。两个玉米杂交种，氮高效品种ZH311和氮低效品种XY508，在三个生长季，四种氮肥水平下生长:0、150、300和450kg N ha-1。研究了基-中粒和顶粒的干重、含水率和含水量。玉米穗基-中粒和顶粒的最大灌浆速率和灌浆持续时间的差异导致最终粒重的显著差异。籽粒位置显著影响籽粒的干燥，顶粒的干燥速率比基-中粒的干燥速率快。基因型和粒位都影响施氮量对籽粒灌浆和干燥的影响。施氮量决定了籽粒灌浆中后期最大籽粒含水量和含水率的损失速率，从而影响最终粒重。氮高效杂交种的使用，结合氮肥施用量的减少，可以在保证产量的基础上，协调基-中粒和顶粒的干燥。这种管理策略可能会带来双赢的局面，即最大玉米产量、高效的机械收获和环境安全同时得到提高。
Abstract Grain water relations play an important role in grain filling in maize. The study aimed to gain a clear understanding of the changes in grain dry weight and water relations in maize grains by using hybrids with contrasting nitrogen efficiencies under differing nitrogen levels. The objectives were: 1) to understand the changes in dry matter and percent moisture content (MC) during grain development in response to different nitrogen application rates and 2) to determine whether nitrogen application affects grain filling by regulating grain water relations. Two maize hybrids, high N-efficient Zhenghong 311 (ZH311) and low N-efficient Xianyu 508 (XY508), were grown in the field under four levels of N fertilizer: 0, 150, 300, and 450 kg N ha–1 during three growing seasons. Dry weight, percent MC and water content (WC) of basal–middle and apical grains were investigated. The difference in the maximum WC and filling duration of basal–middle and apical grains in maize ears resulted in a significant difference in final grain weight. Grain position markedly influenced grain drying down; specifically, the drying down rate of apical grains was faster than that of basal–middle grains. Genotype and grain position both influenced the impact of nitrogen application rate on grain filling and drying down. Nitrogen rate determined the maximum grain WC and percent MC loss rate in the middle and the late grain-filling stages, thus affecting final grain weight. The use of high N-efficient hybrids, combined with the reduction of nitrogen application rate, can coordinate basal–middle and apical grain drying down to ensure yield. This management strategy could lead to a win–win situation in which the maximum maize yield, efficient mechanical harvest and environmental safety are all achieved.
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Received: 15 May 2020
Accepted: 15 December 2020
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| Fund: We gratefully acknowledge funding support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD0301206, 2016YFD0300209, 2016YFD0300307, and 2017YFD0301704). |
| About author: WU Ya-wei, Tel: +86-28-86290870, E-mail: wyw6140@163.com; Correspondence YUAN Ji-chao, E-mail: yuanjichao5@163.com
* These authors contributed equally to this study. |
Cite this article:
WU Ya-wei, ZHAO Bo, LI Xiao-long, LIU Qin-lin, FENG Dong-ju, LAN Tian-qiong, KONG Fan-lei, LI Qiang, YUAN Ji-chao.
2022.
Nitrogen application affects maize grain filling by regulating grain water relations. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 21(4): 977-994.
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