Reduced tillage coupled with straw return improves the grain yield and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline content in fragrant rice

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.020

Journal of Integrative Agriculture

2025, Vol. 24

Issue (5): 1718-1737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.020

Crop Science

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Reduced tillage coupled with straw return improves the grain yield and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline content in fragrant rice

Zhaowen Mo^1*, Siren Cheng^{1, 2*}, Yong Ren^{1, 2*}, Longxin He¹, Shenggang Pan^{1, 3, 4}, Haidong Liu⁵, Hua Tian^{1, 3, 4}, Umair Ashraf⁶, Meiyang Duan^{1, 3, 4}, Xiangru Tang^{1, 3, 4#}

¹State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China

²Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology/College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China

³Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China

⁴Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China

⁵Research Institute of Oil Crop, Academy of Hezhou Agricultural Sciences, Hezhou 542813, China

⁶Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54770, Pakistan

Highlights
● Tillage management and straw return significantly impacted rice yield, quality, and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) content.
● Minimum tillage with straw return boosted both yield and 2-AP content.
● Mechanisms explaining improved yield and 2-AP accumulation under conservation tillage and straw return were identified.

Abstract
References

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摘要

农田实施保护性耕作或秸秆还田措施对水稻（Oryza sativa）的产量和品质形成有着显著的影响。香稻的高产优质生产受农田管理措施的影响很大，其中以香稻香气关键的挥发性化合物2-乙酰-1吡咯啉（简称2-AP）受田间管理措施的影响尤为显著。本研究旨在探究耕作管理和秸秆还田对香稻产量和2-AP生物合成的影响。该研究在2016年和2017年进行了为期两年大田试验，采用两个代表性的香稻品种（美香占2号和象牙香占）作为试验材料。试验包括不同的耕作管理和秸秆还田处理，具体为3种耕作管理措施：旋耕（T0）、少耕（T1）和免耕（T2），2种秸秆还田处理：秸秆不还田（S0）和秸秆还田（S1）。试验中还田所用的秸秆来源为试验田早季收割后相应的香稻品种所遗留下来的秸秆残余物。试验结果表明，耕作管理和秸秆还田处理显著影响了供试香稻品种的产量、品质和2-AP含量。相比于T0S0处理组，耕作管理和秸秆还田处理提高了2-AP含量，2016年和2017年试验处理的平均2-AP含量提高幅度分别为12.41-116.85%和34.85-103.89%。耕作管理和秸秆还田处理的2-AP含量以T2S1和T1S1处理的较高。结构方程模型（SEM）表明，香稻植株叶片和籽粒中的香气代谢酶活性协同调节了籽粒中香气代谢前体物质的生物合成，从而进一步促进了籽粒中的2-AP积累。此外，主成分分析显示T1S1处理与2-AP含量和香稻产量呈正相关关系。结构方程模型（SEM）表明，氮代谢相关酶活性、光合作用相关特性和产量构成因素对稻谷产量有较大的贡献。T1S1处理的平均产量最高，达760.75 g m^-2，这归因于T1S1处理提高了农艺和生理特性等多方面的指标，如叶片面积指数、SPAD值、氮代谢、单位面积有效穗数和每穗粒数等。总的来说，少耕与秸秆还田（T1S1）处理更有利于协同提升香稻产量和2-AP含量。

Abstract

The practice of conservation tillage or straw return to the farmland influences the grain yield and quality of rice (Oryza sativa). The key volatile compound responsible for the fragrance of fragrant rice is 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP), which is significantly affected by field management measures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of tillage management and straw return on the grain yield and biosynthesis of 2-AP in fragrant rice. This study was conducted over two years in 2016 and 2017 and used two fragrant rice cultivars (Meixiangzhan 2 and Xiangyaxiangzhan) as materials. The experimental design consisted of different tillage management and straw return treatments, which included three tillage management regimes: rotary tillage (T0), minimum tillage (T1), and no tillage (T2); and two straw return treatments: without straw return (S0) and straw return (S1). The straw used for the experiment was sourced from the residue of the corresponding fragrant rice cultivar harvested in the early season. Tillage management and straw return substantially affected the grain yields, grain quality, and 2-AP contents of both fragrant rice cultivars. Compared with the T0S0 treatment, tillage management and straw return resulted in 2-AP content improvements in 2016 (12.41–116.85%) and 2017 (34.85–103.89%) on average. Higher 2-AP contents were also detected in both fragrant rice cultivars in the T2S1 and T1S1 treatments. A structural equation model (SEM) demonstrated that the activities of enzymes related to fragrance metabolism in the leaves and grain jointly regulated the biosynthesis of precursors of fragrance metabolism in the grain, which further promoted the accumulation of 2-AP. In addition, a principal component analysis indicated that the T1S1 treatment was positively correlated with both 2-AP and grain yield. The SEM demonstrated that the enzymes related to nitrogen metabolism, parameters related to photosynthesis, and yield components contributed to the grain yield. The T1S1 treatment resulted in the highest average grain yield of 760.75 g m^–2, which could be attributed to increases in various attributes, such as the leaf area index, SPAD value, nitrogen metabolism, panicle number m^–2, and grain number per panicle. In summary, the minimum tillage and straw return (T1S1) treatment is more effective at simultaneously improving both the grain yield and 2-AP content in fragrant rice.

Keywords: fragrant rice tillage straw returning 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline yield

Received: 28 August 2023 Online: 06 March 2024 Accepted: 29 January 2024

Fund: We acknowledge the funding provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31971843 and 31271646) and the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation, China (2021GXNSFBA196084).

About author: Zhaowen Mo, E-mail: scaumozhw@126.com; #Correspondence Xiangru Tang, Tel: +86-20-85280204-618, E-mail: tangxr@sacu.edu.cn * These authors contributed equally to this study.

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Zhaowen Mo, Siren Cheng, Yong Ren, Longxin He, Shenggang Pan, Haidong Liu, Hua Tian, Umair Ashraf, Meiyang Duan, Xiangru Tang. 2025. Reduced tillage coupled with straw return improves the grain yield and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline content in fragrant rice. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 24(5): 1718-1737.

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