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Journal of Integrative Agriculture  2024, Vol. 23 Issue (9): 3186-3199    DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.038
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Integrated assessment of yield, nitrogen use efficiency and ecosystem economic benefits of use of controlled-release and common urea in ratoon rice production
Zijuan Ding1, Ren Hu1, Yuxian Cao2, Jintao Li1, Dakang Xiao1, Jun Hou1#, Xuexia Wang3
1 College of Agriculture, Yangtze University/MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Jingzhou 434025, China
2 College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
3 Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Agricultural Forestry Academy Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
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摘要  控释尿素(CRU)通常用于提高产量和氮利用效率NUE)。然而,很少有研究探讨CRU在再生稻中的作用。再生稻包括头季和再生季水稻,再生季水稻是指头季水稻收获后利用稻桩腋芽生长再次收获的一种水稻种植方式。本研究采用完全随机区组设计对再生稻进行了为期2年的田间试验,阐明了CRU对再生稻产量、NUE和经济效益的影响,为再生稻轻科学施肥提供理论依据。试验设置4个处理:CK不施氮肥)、FFP5次撒施尿素)、BF1(一次性基施CRU246个月释放周期CRU混合施用,比例为4:3:3)和BF23个月释放周期的CRU与普通尿素作为基肥混合施用,尿素作为促苗肥)。与FFP处理相比,BF1BF2处理在2019年显著提高了17.47%15.99%的头季产量,在2020显著提高了17.91%16.44%BF2处理与FFP处理的再生季产量无显著差异但BF1处理较FFP处理显著提高了14.81%2019)12.21%2020)的再生季产量与FFP处理相比,BF1BF2处理显著提高了2氮肥吸收利用率11.47–16.66氮肥农学效率27.31–44.49氮肥偏生产力9.23–15.60%。与FFP处理相比,BF1BF2处理降低了头季和再生季的垩白率和垩白度。能值分析表明,BF处理的生产效率高于FFP处理。BF处理减少了施肥次数劳动力投入,提高了再生稻的经济效益。与FFP处理相比,BF1BF2处理分别增加了14.21–16.8723.76–25.96%的净收入。综上,应鼓励CRU和普通尿素一次性配施,实现再生稻的优质高产高效的同时减少劳动力投入和表观氮损失。

Abstract  
Controlled-release urea (CRU) is commonly used to improve the crop yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE).  However, few studies have investigated the effects of CRU in the ratoon rice system.  Ratoon rice is the practice of obtaining a second harvest from tillers originating from the stubble of the previously harvested main crop.  In this study, a 2-year field experiment using a randomized complete block design was conducted to determine the effects of CRU on the yield, NUE, and economic benefits of ratoon rice, including the main crop, to provide a theoretical basis for fertilization of ratoon rice.  The experiment included four treatments: (i) no N fertilizer (CK); (ii) traditional practice with 5 applications of urea applied at different crop growth stages by surface broadcasting (FFP); (iii) one-time basal application of CRU (BF1); and (iv) one-time basal application of CRU combined with common urea (BF2).  The BF1 and BF2 treatments significantly increased the main crop yield by 17.47 and 15.99% in 2019, and by 17.91 and 16.44% in 2020, respectively, compared with FFP treatment.  The BF2 treatment achieved similar yield of the ratoon crop to the FFP treatment, whereas the BF1 treatment significantly increased the yield of the ratoon crop by 14.81% in 2019 and 12.21% in 2020 compared with the FFP treatment.  The BF1 and BF2 treatments significantly improved the 2-year apparent N recovery efficiency, agronomic NUE, and partial factor productivity of applied N by 11.47–16.66, 27.31–44.49, and 9.23–15.60%, respectively, compared with FFP treatment.  The BF1 and BF2 treatments reduced the chalky rice rate and chalkiness of main and ratoon crops relative to the FFP treatment.  Furthermore, emergy analysis showed that the production efficiency of the BF treatments was higher than that of the FFP treatment.  The BF treatments reduced labor input due to reduced fertilization times and improved the economic benefits of ratoon rice.  Compared with the FFP treatment, the BF1 and BF2 treatments increased the net income by 14.21–16.87 and 23.76–25.96%, respectively.  Overall, the one-time blending use of CRU and common urea should be encouraged to achieve high yield, high nitrogen use efficiency, and good quality of ratoon rice, which has low labor input and low apparent N loss.

Keywords:  ratoon rice       controlled-release urea        yield        nitrogen use efficiency        economic benefit  
Received: 05 September 2023   Accepted: 15 January 2024
Fund: 
This work is supported by the Key R&D Plan of Hubei Province, China (2022BBA002), and the Carbon Account Accounting and Carbon Reduction and Sequestration Technology Research of Quzhou City of China (2022-31).
About author:  Zijuan Ding, E-mail: 970917450@qq.com; #Correspondence Jun Hou, E-mail: houjungoodluck1@163.com

Cite this article: 

Zijuan Ding, Ren Hu, Yuxian Cao, Jintao Li, Dakang Xiao, Jun Hou, Xuexia Wang. 2024. Integrated assessment of yield, nitrogen use efficiency and ecosystem economic benefits of use of controlled-release and common urea in ratoon rice production. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 23(9): 3186-3199.

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