Abady S, Shimelis H, Janila P, Wankhade A, Chimote V P. 2024. Genome-wide association analysis for drought tolerance and component traits in groundnut gene pool. Euphytica, 220, 76.

Barkley N A, Wang M L, Pittman R N. 2011. A real-time PCR genotyping assay to detect FAD2A SNPs in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.). Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, 14, 9–10.

Bera S K, Kamdar J H, Kasundra S V, Dash P, Maurya A K, Jasani M D, Chandrashekar A B, Manivannan N, Vasanthi R P, Dobariya K L, Pandey M K, Janila P, Radhakrishnan T, Varshney R K. 2018. Improving oil quality by altering levels of fatty acids through marker-assisted selection of ahfad2 alleles in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Euphytica, 214, 162.

Bertioli D J, Cannon S B, Froenicke L, Huang G, Farmer A D, Cannon E K S, Liu X, Gao D, Clevenger J, Dash S, Ren L, Moretzsohn M C, Shirasawa K, Huang W, Vidigal B, Abernathy B, Chu Y, Niederhuth C E, Umale P, Araújo A C G, et al. 2016. The genome sequences of Arachis duranensis and Arachis ipaensis, the diploid ancestors of cultivated peanut. Nature Genetics, 48, 438–446.

Bertioli D J, Jenkins J, Clevenger J, Dudchenko O, Gao D Y, Seijo G, Leal-Bertioli S C M, Ren L H, Farmer A D, Pandey M K, Samoluk S S, Abernathy B, Agarwal G, Ballen-Taborda C, Cameron C, Campbell J, Chavarro C, Chitikineni A, Chu Y, Dash S, et al. 2019. The genome sequence of segmental allotetraploid peanut Arachis hypogaea. Nature Genetics, 51, 877–884.

Bhatnagar-Mathur P, Devi M J, Reddy D S, Lavanya M, Vadez V, Serraj R, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Sharma K K. 2007. Stress-inducible expression of at DREB1A in transgenic peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) increases transpiration efficiency under water-limiting conditions. Plant Cell Reports, 26, 2071–2082.

Bhatnagar-Mathur P, Rao J S, Vadez V, Dumbala S R, Rathore A, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Sharma K K. 2014. Transgenic peanut overexpressing the DREB1A transcription factor has higher yields under drought stress. Molecular Breeding, 33, 327–340.

Bian J X, Zhang Y L, Ding S, Guo H S, Li K, Guan Y, Zhou G L, Li J H, Garg V, Cui Y Y, Lv Y, Chitikineni A, Meng Q J, Li T Y, He L Q, Zhao C Z, Wang X J, Tang R H, Zhang L S, Deng X W, et al. 2026. Telomere-to-telomere genome assemblies and population resequencing of diploid and allotetraploid peanut varieties. Nature Genetics, 58, 1151–1163.

Botstein D, White R L, Skolnick M, Davis R W. 1980. Construction of a genetic linkage map in man using restriction fragment length polymorphisms. American Journal of Human Genetics, 32, 314–331.

Cao Z H, Zhao K, Li H, Ma X L, Cao D, Li Y Z, Hu S S, Ma Q, Li Y Y, Fan Y, Hou M T, Zhao K K, Qiu D, Gong F P, Li Z F, Ren R, Yin D M. 2026. AhBWR15, a novel RLK gene, confers resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum in peanut. Plant Biotechnology Journal, doi: 10.1111/pbi.70605.

Chen G H, Ren Y, Liu L, Xu P, Tang Y Y, Wang H, Wang H, Tan J X, Wu L J, Li S L, Yu T Y, Wang Z W, Zhang J C, Yuan M. 2026. Two bHLH transcription factor genes AhWSC1a and AhWSC1b act as gatekeepers of testa pigmentation, preventing white seed coats in peanuts. Plants, 15, 304.

Chen G H, Sheng L, Wu L J, Yin L, Li S L, Wang H F, Jiang X, Wang H, Shi Y M, Zhan F D, Chi X Y, Qu C J, Ren Y, Yuan M. 2025. Identification of novel QTLs for resistance to late leaf spot in peanut by SNP array and QTL-seq analyses. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 24, 3772–3788.

Chen H, Chen X Y, Xu R R, Liu W J, Liu N A, Huang L, Luo H Y, Huai D X, Lan X L, Zhang Y M, Hu R F, Chen J H, Tang Z X, Lin G Q, Jiang H F. 2021. Fine-mapping and gene candidate analysis for AhRt1, a major dominant locus responsible for testa color in cultivated peanut. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 134, 3721–3730.

Chen W, Jiao Y, Cheng L, Huang L, Liao B, Tang M, Ren X, Zhou X, Chen Y, Jiang H. 2016. Quantitative trait locus analysis for pod- and kernel-related traits in the cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). BMC Genetics, 17, 25.

Chen X P, Lu Q, Liu H, Zhang J A, Hong Y B, Lan H F, Li H F, Wang J P, Liu H Y, Li S X, Pandey M K, Zhang Z K, Zhou G Y, Yu J G, Zhang G Q, Yuan J Q, Li X Y, Wen S J, Meng F B, Yu S L, et al. 2019. Sequencing of cultivated peanut, Arachis hypogaea, yields insights into genome evolution and oil improvement. Molecular Plant, 12, 920–934.

Chi X Y, Hu R B, Zhang X W, Chen M N, Chen N, Pan L J, Wang T, Wang M A, Yang Z, Wang Q F, Yu S L. 2014. Cloning and functional analysis of three diacylglycerol acyltransferase genes from peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). PLoS ONE, 9, e105834.

Chu Y, Faustinelli P, Ramos M L, Hajduch M, Stevenson S, Thelen J J, Maleki S J, Cheng H, Ozias-Akins P. 2008. Reduction of IgE binding and nonpromotion of Aspergillus flavus fungal growth by simultaneously silencing Arah2 and Arah6 in peanut. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56, 11225–11233.

Chu Y, Holbrook C C, Ozias-Akins P. 2009. Two alleles of ahFAD2B control the high oleic acid trait in cultivated peanut. Crop Science, 49, 2029–2036.

Chu Y, Wu C L, Holbrook C C, Tillman B L, Person G, Ozias-Akins P. 2011. Marker-assisted selection to pyramid nematode resistance and the high oleic trait in peanut. Plant Genome, 4, 110–117.

Clevenger J, Chu Y, Scheffler B, Ozias-Akins P. 2016. A developmental transcriptome map for allotetraploid Arachis hypogaea. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7, 1446.

Clevenger J P, Korani W, Ozias-Akins P, Jackson S. 2018. Haplotype-based genotyping in polyploids. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 564.

Cobb J N, Biswas P S, Platten J D. 2019. Back to the future: revisiting MAS as a tool for modern plant breeding. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 132, 647–667.

Davis J P, Price K M, Dean L L, Sweigart D S, Cottonaro J, Sanders T H. 2016. Peanut oil stability and physical properties across a range of industrially relevant oleic acid/linoleic acid ratios. Peanut Science, 43, 1–11.

Dodia S M, Joshi B, Gangurde S S, Thirumalaisamy P P, Mishra G P, Narandrakumar D, Soni P, Rathnakumar A L, Dobaria J R, Sangh C, Chitikineni A, Chanda S V, Pandey M K, Varshney R K, Thankappan R. 2019. Genotyping-by-sequencing based genetic mapping reveals large number of epistatic interactions for stem rot resistance in groundnut. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 132, 1001–1016.

Dodo H W, Konan K N, Chen F C, Egnin M, Viquez O M. 2008. Alleviating peanut allergy using genetic engineering: The silencing of the immunodominant allergen Arah2 leads to its significant reduction and a decrease in peanut allergenicity. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 6, 135–145.

FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization). 2024. Online statistical database: Production. FAOSTAT. [2026-3-20]. https://www.fao.org/faostat/zh/#data/QCL

Flinterman A E, Van Hoffen E, Den Hartog Jager C F, Koppelman S, Pasmans S G, Hoekstra M O, Bruijnzeel-Koomen C A, Knulst A C, Knol E F. 2007. Children with peanut allergy recognize predominantly Arah2 and Arah6, which remains stable over time. Clinical and Experimental Allergy, 37, 1221–1228.

Fonceka D, Tossim H A, Rivallan R, Vignes H, Lacut E, de Bellis F, Faye I, Ndoye O, Leal-Bertioli S C M, Valls J F M, Bertioli D J, Glaszmann J C, Courtois B, Rami J F. 2012. Construction of chromosome segment substitution lines in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) using a wild synthetic and QTL mapping for plant morphology. PLoS ONE, 7, e48642.

Gao H, Li H. 2025. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) in soybean breeding. Molecular Plant Breeding, 16, 17–27.

Gautami B, Pandey M K, Vadez V, Nigam S N, Ratnakumar P, Krishnamurthy L, Radhakrishnan T, Gowda M V C, Narasu M L, Hoisington D A, Knapp S J, Varshney R K. 2012. Quantitative trait locus analysis and construction of consensus genetic map for drought tolerance traits based on three recombinant inbred line populations in cultivated groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Molecular Breeding, 30, 757–772.

Gong F P, Li Z, Sun X J, Fan Y H, Liu Y H, Dang Y R, Li H, Zhang X G, Ma X L, Li Z F, Zhao K, Yin D M. 2024. Comprehensive analysis and selection of high oleic peanut varieties in China: A study on agronomic, yield, and quality traits. Oil Crop Science, 9, 265–274.

Hammons R O. 1973. Genetics of Arachis hypogaea. In: Peanuts: Culture and Uses. American Peanut Research and Education Association. pp. 135–173.

He N, Chen B, Lu X, Bai B, Fan J, Zhang Y, Li G, Guo X. 2025. Integration of UAV multi-source data for accurate plant height and SPAD estimation in peanut. Drones, 9, 284.

Hu X H, Zhang S Z, Miao H R, Cui F G, Shen Y, Yang W Q, Xu T T, Chen N, Chi X Y, Zhang Z M, Chen J. 2018. High-density genetic map construction and identification of QTLs controlling oleic and linoleic acid in peanut using SLAF-seq and SSRs. Scientific Reports, 8, 5479.

Huai D X, Huang L, Xue X M, Yu B L, Ding Y B, Jin G R, Liu H, Pandey M K, Sudini H K, Luo H Y, Zhou X J, Liu N, Chen W G, Yan L Y, Chen Y N, Wang X, Wang Q Q, Kang Y P, Wang Z H, Chen X P, et al. 2025. Identification of candidate genes associated with resistance to aflatoxin production in peanut through genetic mapping and transcriptome analysis. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 138, 71.

Huang L, He H Y, Chen W G, Ren X P, Chen Y N, Zhou X J, Xia Y L, Wang X L, Jiang X G, Liao B S, Jiang H F. 2015. Quantitative trait locus analysis of agronomic and quality-related traits in cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 128, 1103–1115.

Husted L. 1936. Cytological studies on the peanut, Arachis. II. Chromosome number, morphology and behavior, and their application to the problem of the origin of the cultivated forms. Cytologia, 7, 396–423.

Janila P, Pandey M K, Shasidhar Y, Variath M T, Sriswathi M, Khera P, Manohar S S, Nagesh P, Vishwakarma M K, Mishra G P, Radhakrishnan T, Manivannan N, Dobariya K L, Vasanthi R P, Varshney R K. 2016. Molecular breeding for introgression of fatty acid desaturase mutant alleles (ahFAD2A and ahFAD2B) enhances oil quality in high and low oil containing peanut genotypes. Plant Science, 242, 203–213.

Jung S, Powell G, Moore K, Abbott A. 2000. The high oleate trait in the cultivated peanut [Arachis hypogaea L.]. II. Molecular basis and genetics of the trait. Molecular and General Genetics, 263, 806–811.

Kong X, Zhao J T, Liu Y R, Bai B, Yang J T, Fan Y Y, Li G W, Li Z H, Wan S B. 2025. The PROSPECT model in high-throughput phenotyping for peanut leaf parameter estimation: Comparative performance of hyperspectral inversion models. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 43, 100498.

Kiranmai K, Rao G L, Pandurangaiah M, Nareshkumar A, Reddy V A, Lokesh U, Venkatesh B, Johnson A M A, Sudhakar C. 2018. A novel WRKY transcription factor, MuWRKY3 (Macrotyloma uniflorum Lam. Verdc.) enhances drought stress tolerance in transgenic groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) plants. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 346.

Koppelman S J, Vlooswijk R A A, Knippels L M J, Hessing M, Knol E F, Van Reijsen F C, Bruijnzeel-Koomen C A F M. 2001. Quantification of major peanut allergens Arah1 and Arah2 in the peanut varieties Runner, Spanish, Virginia, and Valencia, bred in different parts of the world. Allergy, 56, 132–137.

Leal-Bertioli S C, José A C V, Alves-Freitas D M, Moretzsohn M C, Guimarães P M, Nielen S, Vidigal B S, Pereira R W, Pike J, Fávero A P, Parniske M, Varshney R K, Bertioli D J. 2009. Identification of candidate genome regions controlling disease resistance in Arachis. BMC Plant Biology, 9, 112.

Li L, Yang X, Cui S, Meng X, Mu G, Hou M, He M, Zhang H, Liu L, Chen C Y. 2019. Construction of high-density genetic map and mapping quantitative trait loci for growth habit-related traits of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Frontiers in Plant Science, 10, 745.

Li H D, Hou B J, Luo L. Yang H, Li X, Li Y Y, Yu H Y, Zhang K, Dong Y J, Miao P H, Wang Y S, Liu F Z. 2026. Fine mapping of the major QTL qLLS.A02.1 and identification of a novel NBS-LRR gene cluster associated with late leaf spot resistance in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Crop Journal, 14, 547–555.

Li Z, Liu Y, Hu Q L, Liang J H, He Z H, Wang Y X, Zhang W R, Pan T, Ma G H, Wang J, Zhang H, Lv Z H, Zhao X H, Zhong C, Yu H Q. 2025. Identification of AhFPA1 as the causal gene underlying qEFT13.1, a key QTL for early flowering in peanut. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 138, 26.

Liu Y Y, Shao L B, Zhou J, Li R C, Pandey M K, Han Y, Cui F, Zhang J L, Guo F, Chen J, Shan S H, Fan G Y, Zhang H, Seim I, Liu X, Li X G, Varshney R K, Li G W, Wan S B. 2022. Genomic insights into the genetic signatures of selection and seed trait loci in cultivated peanut. Journal of Advanced Research, 42, 237–248.

Liu C, Chen F S, Xia Y M. 2022. Composition and structural characterization of peanut crude oil bodies extracted by aqueous enzymatic method. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 105, 104238.

Lopez Y, Nadaf H L, Smith O D, Connell J P, Reddy A S, Fritz A K. 2000. Isolation and characterization of the Δ12-fatty acid desaturase in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and a role for oleic acid accumulation. Molecular Breeding, 6, 413–423.

Lu Q, Huang L, Liu H, Garg V, Gangurde S S, Li H F, Chitikineni A, Guo D D, Pandey M K, Li S X, Liu H Y, Wang R F, Deng Q Q, Du P X, Varshney R K, Liang X Q, Hong Y B, Chen X P. 2024. A genomic variation map provides insights into peanut diversity in China and associations with 28 agronomic traits. Nature Genetics, 56, 530–540.

Luo H Y, Pandey M K, Khan A W, Guo J B, Wu B, Cai Y, Huang L, Zhou X J, Chen Y N, Chen W G, Liu N, Lei Y, Liao B S, Varshney R K, Jiang H F. 2019. Discovery of genomic regions and candidate genes controlling shelling percentage using QTL-seq approach in cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Plant Biotechnology Journal, 17, 1248–1260.

Ma M, Liu C, Song Y, Jin X, Li Z, Su Q, Yang Y, Wang J. 2026. Fine mapping of two stable QTL related to plant architecture traits in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Crop Journal, 14, 529–538.

Ma Q, Fan Y, Zhang Y R, Li Y Y, Cao Z H, Hu S S, Zhang P, Yang Y, Zhao K, Qiu D, Li Z F, Ren R, Ma X L, Zhao K K, Gong F P, Yin D M. 2026. The leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase AhZAR1 regulates early seed development in peanut. Crop Journal, doi: 10.1016/j.cj.2026.02.009

Manjulatha M, Sreevathsa R, Kumar A M, Sudhakar C, Prasad T G, Tuteja N, Udayakumar M. 2014. Overexpression of a pea DNA helicase (PDH45) in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) confers improvement of cellular level tolerance and productivity under drought stress. Molecular Biotechnology, 56, 111–125.

Mitra M, S I B J, David K M, Sunitha S, Bhandari A, Nagaraju D, Hadimani L G. 2025. Role of Rhizobium and non-symbiotic plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in nitrogen fixation and growth of Arachis hypogea: A review. International Journal of Plant and Soil Science, 37, 624–640.

Na K, Konan D, Ananga A O, Dodo H. 2020. Improving peanut protein quality: Expression of a synthetic storage protein. African Journal of Biotechnology, 19, 265–275.

National Bureau of Statistics of China. 2025. [2025-12-19]. https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/ndsj/2025/indexch.htm

Nielen S, Campos-Fonseca F, Leal-Bertioli S, Guimarães P, Seijo G, Town C, Arrial R, Bertioli D. 2010. FIDEL - A retrovirus-like retrotransposon and its distinct evolutionary histories in the A- and B-genome components of cultivated peanut. Chromosome Research, 18, 227–246.

Nielen S, Vidigal B S, Leal-Bertioli S C M, Ratnaparkhe M, Paterson A H, Garsmeur O, D‘Hont A, Guimarães P M, Bertioli D J. 2012. Matita, a new retroelement from peanut: Characterization and evolutionary context in the light of the Arachis A-B genome divergence. Molecular Genetics and Genomics, 287, 21–38.

Pan J W, Li X J, Fu C, Bian J X, Wang Z Y, Yu C H, Liu X Q, Wang G H, Tian R Z, Song X F, Li C S, Xia H, Zhao S Z, Hou L, Gao M, Zi H L, Bertioli D, Leal-Bertioli S, Pandey M K, Wang X J, et al. 2024. High-density bin-based genetic map reveals a 530-kb chromosome segment derived from wild peanut contributing to late leaf spot resistance. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 137, 74.

Pan J W, Zhou X M, Ahmad N, Zhang K, Tang R H, Zhao H L, Jiang J, Tian M D, Li C S, Li A Q, Zhang X Y, He L Q, Ma J, Li X J, Tian R Z, Ma C L, Pandey M K, Varshney R K, Wang X J, Zhao C Z. 2022. BSA-seq and genetic mapping identified candidate genes for branching habit in peanut. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 135, 4457–4468.

Pan Y J, Jin W P, Huang Q R. 2022. Structure, assembly and application of novel peanut oil body protein extracts nanoparticles. Food Chemistry, 367, 130678.

Pandey M K, Agarwal G, Kale S M, Clevenger J, Nayak S N, Sriswathi M, Chitikineni A, Chavarro C, Chen X, Upadhyaya H D, Vishwakarma M K, Leal-Bertioli S, Liang X Q, Bertioli D J, Guo B Z, Jackson S A, Ozias-Akins P, Varshney R K. 2017a. Development and evaluation of a high density genotyping “Axiom-Arachis” array with 58 K SNPs for accelerating genetics and breeding in groundnut. Scientific Reports, 7, 40577.

Pandey M K, Khan A W, Singh V K, Vishwakarma M K, Shasidhar Y, Kumar V, Garg V, Bhat R S, Chitikineni A, Janila P, Guo B Z, Varshney R K. 2017b. QTL-seq approach identified genomic regions and diagnostic markers for rust and late leaf spot resistance in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Plant Biotechnology Journal, 15, 927–941.

Pandey M K, Pandey A K, Kumar R, Nwosu C V, Guo B, Wright G C, Bhat R S, Chen X, Bera S K, Yuan M, Jiang H F, Faye I, Radhakrishnan T, Wang X J, Liang X Q, Liao B S, Zhang X Y, Varshney R K, Zhuang W J. 2020. Translational genomics for achieving higher genetic gains in groundnut. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 133, 1653–1673.

Pandey M K, Wang M L, Qiao L, Feng S, Khera P, Wang H, Tonnis B, Barkley N A, Wang J, Holbrook C C, Culbreath A K, Varshney R K, Guo B Z. 2014. Identification of QTLs associated with oil content and mapping FAD2 genes and their relative contribution to oil quality in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). BMC Genetics, 15, 133.

Pandurangaiah M, Lokanadha Rao G, Sudhakarbabu O, Nareshkumar A, Kiranmai K, Lokesh U, Thapa G, Sudhakar C. 2014. Overexpression of horsegram (Macrotyloma uniflorum Lam. Verdc.) NAC transcriptional factor (MuNAC4) in groundnut confers enhanced drought tolerance. Molecular Biotechnology, 56, 758–769.

Patel M, Jung S, Moore K, Powell G, Ainsworth C, Abbott A. 2004. High-oleate peanut mutants result from a MITE insertion into the FAD2 gene. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 108, 1492–1502.

Patil M, Ramu S V, Jathish P, Sreevathsa R, Reddy P C, Prasad T G, Udayakumar M. 2014. Overexpression of AtNAC2 (ANAC092) in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) improves abiotic stress tolerance. Plant Biotechnology Reports, 8, 161–169.

Phogat S, Lankireddy S V, Lekkala S, Anche V C, Sripathi V R, Patil G B, Puppala N, Janga M R. 2024. Progress in genetic engineering and genome editing of peanuts: Revealing the future of crop improvement. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 30, 2039–2056.

Pokhrel S, Kharel P, Pandey S, Botton S, Nugraha G T, Holbrook C, Ozias-Akins P. 2024. Understanding the impacts of drought on peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.): Exploring physio-genetic mechanisms to develop drought-resilient peanut cultivars. Frontiers in Genetics, 15, 1492434.

Pruthvi V, Narasimhan R, Nataraja K N. 2014. Simultaneous expression of abiotic stress responsive transcription factors, AtDREB2A, AtHB7 and AtABF3 improves salinity and drought tolerance in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). PLoS ONE, 9, e111152.

Qiu W, Wang N, Dai J, Wang T, Kochian L V, Liu J, Zuo Y. 2019. AhFRDL1-mediated citrate secretion contributes to adaptation to iron deficiency and aluminum stress in peanuts. Journal of Experimental Botany, 70, 2873–2886.

Ramu V S, Swetha T N, Sheela S H, Babitha C K, Rohini S, Reddy M K, Tuteja N, Reddy C P, Prasad T G, Udayakumar M. 2016. Simultaneous expression of regulatory genes associated with specific drought-adaptive traits improves drought adaptation in peanut. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 14, 1008–1020.

Seijo J G, Lavia G I, Fernández A, Krapovickas A, Ducasse D, Moscone E A. 2004. Physical mapping of the 5S and 18S-25S rRNA genes by FISH as evidence that Arachis duranensis and A. ipaensis are the wild diploid progenitors of A. hypogaea (Leguminosae). American Journal of Botany, 91, 1294–1303.

Sharma V, Mahadevaiah S S, Latha P, Gowda S A, Manohar S S, Jadhav K, Bajaj P, Joshi P, Anitha T, Jadhav M P, Sharma S, Janila P, Bhat R S, Varshney R K, Pandey M K. 2024. Dissecting genomic regions and underlying candidate genes in groundnut MAGIC population for drought tolerance. BMC Plant Biology, 24, 1141.

Shi L, Zhao H H, Liu H, Wang X B, Li X N, Qu P Y, Xue L L, Huang B Y, Qi F Y, Dai X D, Xu J, Dong W Z, Zhang X Y. 2025. Development of novel transgene-free high-oleic peanuts through CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing of two AhFAD2 homologues. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 23, 4618–4620.

Shilman F, Brand Y, Brand A, Hedvat I, Hovav R. 2011. Identification and molecular characterization of homeologous Δ9-stearoyl acyl carrier protein desaturase 3 genes from the allotetraploid peanut (Arachis hypogaea). Plant Molecular Biology Reporter, 29, 232–241.

Simpson C E, Starr J L, Nelson S C, Woodard K E, Smith O D. 1993. Registration of TxAG-6 and TxAG-7 peanut germplasm. Crop Science, 33, 1418.

Simpson C E, Starr J L. 2001. Registration of ‘COAN’ peanut. Crop Science, 41, 918.

Singh N, Mishra A, Jha B. 2014. Ectopic over-expression of peroxisomal ascorbate peroxidase (SbpAPX) gene confers salt stress tolerance in transgenic peanut (Arachis hypogaea). Gene, 547, 119–125.

Sinha P, Bajaj P, Pazhamala L T, Nayak S N, Pandey M K, Chitikineni A, Huai D, Khan A W, Desai A, Jiang H F, Zhuang W J, Guo B Z, Liao B S, Varshney R K. 2020. Arachis hypogaea gene expression atlas for fastigiata subspecies of cultivated groundnut to accelerate functional and translational genomics applications. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 18, 2187–2200.

Sun H X, Ren L, Qi F Y, Wang H X, Yu S T, Sun Z Q, Huang B Y, Han S Y, Shi P X, Wang Y B, Zhang X Y, Yu G Q. 2023. BSA-Seq approach identified candidate region and diagnostic marker for chilling tolerance of high oleic acid peanut at germination stage. Agronomy, 13, 18.

Tallury S P, Gerrano A S, Deshmukh D, Han S, Mekonnen T W, Labuschagne M T. 2025. Peanut genetic resources: Status, challenges, and use in peanut genetic improvement. In: Peanut Genomics and Biotechnology: Status and Prospects for Sustainability. CRC Press. pp. 17–34.

Tan J T, Liu S Y, Li G W, Yang W G, Liang M M, Li X, Chen Y F, Zou H X, Wang B X, Pan Z, Wang J G, Lan Y B, Chen T T, Zhang L. 2025. UAV-LiDAR high-throughput time-series phenotyping and genome-wide association analysis reveal the genetic basis of plant height in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Plant Phenomics, 7, 100139.

Tang Y Y, Huang Z, Xu S H, Zhou W J, Ren J J, Yu F X, Wang J S, Ma W J, Qiao L X. 2024. Candidate genes conferring ethylene-response in cultivated peanuts determined by BSA-seq and fine-mapping. Crop Journal, 12, 856–865.

Tang Y Y, Zhou X T, Li X, Zhou C, Wang W L, Zhou M, Hu Z C, Li X B, Zhang K Y, Wang S M, Zhang Z H, Chen H, Wang J S, Qiao L X. 2025. Genetic analysis and fine mapping reveal that AhRt3, which encodes an anthocyanin reductase, is responsible for red testa in cultivated peanuts. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 138, 49.

Thompson E, Korani W, Wu D L, Garg V, Tonnis B, Wang M L, Corley Holbrook C C, Ozias-Akins P, Culbreath A K, Varshney R K, Guo B Z, Clevenger J P. 2025. Population-specific pangenome unveils a third FAD2 gene and solves the peanut mid-oleic fatty acid mystery. Nature Communications, 17, 2317.

Tonnis B, Wang M L, Li X, Wang J, Puppala N, Tallury S, Yu J. 2020. Peanut FAD2 genotype and growing location interactions significantly affect the level of oleic acid in seeds. Journal of the American Oil Chemists‘ Society, 97, 1001–1010.

Varshney R K, Bohra A, Yu J, Graner A, Zhang Q, Sorrells M E. 2021. Designing future crops: Genomics-assisted breeding comes of age. Trends in Plant Science, 26, 631–649.

Venkatesh B, Vennapusa A R, Kumar N J, Jayamma N, Reddy B M, Johnson A M A, Madhusudan K V, Pandurangaiah M, Kiranmai K, Sudhakar C. 2022. Co-expression of stress-responsive regulatory genes, MuNAC4, MuWRKY3 and MuMYB96 associated with resistant-traits improves drought adaptation in transgenic groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) plants. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 1055851.

Waliyar F, Kumar K V K, Diallo M, Traore A, Mangala U N, Upadhyaya H D, Sudini H. 2016. Resistance to pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination in ICRISAT’s groundnut mini core collection. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 145, 901–913.

Wang W, Liu X Y, Liu C, Liu X Q. 2025. Genome-wide analysis and expression profiles of AhCOLs family in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26, 3404.

Wang Z H, Yan L Y, Chen Y N, Wang X, Huai D X, Kang Y P, Jiang H F, Liu K D, Lei Y, Liao B S. 2021. Detection of a major QTL and development of KASP markers for seed weight by combining QTL-seq, QTL-mapping and RNA-seq in peanut. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 135, 1779–1795.

Wang M L, Khera P, Pandey M K, Wang H, Qiao L, Feng S, Tonnis B, Barkley N A, Pinnow D, Holbrook C C, Culbreath A K, Varshney R K, Guo B. 2015a. Genetic mapping of QTLs controlling fatty acids provided insights into the genetic control of fatty acid synthesis pathway in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). PLoS ONE, 10, e0119454.

Wang M L, Tonnis B, An Y-QC, Pinnow D, Tishchenko V, Pederson G A. 2015b. Newly identified natural high-oleate mutant from Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea. Molecular Breeding, 35, 186.

Xue H Z, Zhao K K, Dong X R, Ma Q, Hu S S, Cao Z H, Shu Y, Li Y Z, Huang X X, Zhao K, Qiu D, Shao W G, Ren R, Li Z F, Gong F P, Ma X L, Wei C C, Yin D M. 2025. PeanutOmics: A comprehensive platform with an integrative multi-omics atlas for peanut research. Plant Communications, 6, 101622.

Xue L L, Qu P Y, Zhao H H, Liu H, Huang B Y, Wang X B, Zhang Z X, Dai X D, Qin L, Dong W Z, Shi L, Zhang X Y. 2025. Creation of fragrant peanut using CRISPR/Cas9. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 67, 1438–1440.

Xue L L, Qu P Y, Zhao H H, Liu H, Li X N, Wang X B, Huang B Y, Han S Y, Dai X D, Dong W Z, Shi L, Zhang X Y. 2026. Development of herbicide-resistant peanut via prime editing and optimization of editing efficiency. Plant Physiology, 200, 1–4.

Yang H, Luo L, Li Y Y, Li H D, Zhang X R, Zhang K, Zhu S Q, Li X L, Li Y J, Wan Y S, Liu F Z. 2023. Fine mapping of qAHPS07 and functional studies of AhRUVBL2 controlling pod size in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Plant Biotechnology Journal, 21, 1785–1798.

Yang A H, Yang J T, Wu H Y, Li Z H, Bai B, Li G W. 2025. Semantic embedding-guided graph self-attention network for plant stem-leaf separation from 3D point clouds. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 238, 110857.

Yin D M, Ji C M, Ma X L, Li H, Zhang W K, Li S, Liu F Y, Zhao K K, Li F P, Li K, Ning L L, He J L, Wang Y J, Zhao F, Xie Y L, Zheng H K, Zhang X G, Zhang Y J, Zhang J S. 2018. Genome of an allotetraploid wild peanut Arachis monticola: A de novo assembly. Gigascience, 7, giy066.

Yin D M, Ji C M, Song Q X, Zhang W K, Zhang X G, Zhao K K, Chen C Y, Wang C T, He G H, Liang Z, Ma X L, Li Z F, Tang Y Y, Wang Y J, Li K, Ning L L, Zhang H, Zhao K, Li X M, Yu H Y, et al. 2020. Comparison of Arachis monticola with diploid and cultivated tetraploid genomes reveals asymmetric subgenome evolution and improvement of peanut. Advanced Science, 7, 1901672.

Yu B L, Liu N, Huang L, Luo H Y, Zhou X J, Lei Y, Yan L Y, Wang X, Chen W G, Kang Y P, Ding Y B, Jin G R, Pandey M K, Janila P, Sudini H K, Varshney R K, Jiang H F, Liu S Y, Liao B S. 2024. Identification and application of a candidate gene AhAftr1 for aflatoxin production resistance in peanut seed (Arachis hypogaea L.). Journal of Advanced Research, 62, 15–26.

Yuan M, Zhu J, Gong L M, He L Q, Lee C, Han S Y, Chen C, He G H. 2019. Mutagenesis of FAD2 genes in peanut with CRISPR/Cas9 based gene editing. BMC Biotechnology, 19, 24.

Zhang C, Chen H, Cai T C, Deng Y, Zhuang R R, Zhang N, Zeng Y H, Zheng Y X, Tang R H, Pan R L, Zhuang W J. 2017. Overexpression of a novel peanut NBS-LRR gene AhRRS5 enhances disease resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum in tobacco. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 15, 39–55.

Zhang H, Tang Y Y, Yue Y L, Chen Y. 2024. Advances in the evolution research and genetic breeding of peanut. Gene, 897, 148425.

Zhang K, Yuan M, Xia H, He L Q, Ma J, Wang M X, Zhao H L, Hou L, Zhao S Z, Li P C, Tian R Z, Pan J W, Li G H, Thudi M, Ma C L, Wang X J, Zhao C Z. 2022. BSA-seq and genetic mapping reveals AhRt2 as a candidate gene responsible for red testa of peanut. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 135, 1529–1541.

Zhang X, Zhang X J, Wang L H, Liu Q M, Liang Y Y, Zhang J Y, Xue Y Y, Tian Y X, Zhang H Q, Li N, Sheng C, Nie P P, Feng S P, Liao B S, Bai D M. 2023. Fine mapping of a QTL and identification of candidate genes associated with cold tolerance during germination in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) on chromosome B09 using whole genome re-sequencing. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, 1153293.

Zhao K, Li Y Z, Cao Z H, Tu Y, Guo Y W, Qiu J Y, Ma X L, Gong F P, Li Z F, Zhang L, Qiu D, Ren R, Zhao K K, Yin D M. 2025a. The homocysteine S-methyltransferase family and functional analysis of AhEXF4LS resistance to bacterial wilt in peanut. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 73, 22672–22683.

Zhao K, Li Y Z, Li Z, Cao Z H, Ma X L, Ren R, Wang K P, Meng L, Yang Y, Yao M M, Yang Y, Wang X X, Wang J Z, Hu S S, Li Y Y, Ma Q, Cao D, Zhao K K, Qiu D, Gong F P, et al. 2025b. Genome-wide analysis of AhCN genes reveals that AhCN34 is involved in bacterial wilt resistance in peanut. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 24, 3757–3771.

Zhao K, Li Z F, Ke Y Z, Ren R, Cao Z H, Li Z, Wang K P, Wang X X, Wang J Z, Ma Q, Cao D, Zhao K K, Li Y Y, Hu S S, Qiu D, Gong F P, Ma X L, Zhang X G, Fan G Q, Liang Z, et al. 2024. Dynamic N6-methyladenosine RNA modification regulates peanut resistance to bacterial wilt. New Phytologist, 242, 231–246.

Zhao K K, Zhao K, Du X F, Zhang J J, Fan Y, Ma Q, Li Y Y, Cao Z H, Cao D, Hu S S, Qiu D, Qong F P, Li Z F, Ren R, Zhang L, Ma X L, Zhang X G, Yin D M. 2024. Fine mapping of a major QTL on chromosome A05 conferring pod size in peanut. Crop Journal, 12, 1745–1753.

Zhao K K, Xue H Z, Li G W, Chitikineni A, Fan Y, Cao Z H, Dong X R, Lu H M, Zhao K, Zhang L, Qiu D, Ren R, Gong F P, Li Z F, Ma X L, Wans S B, Varshney R K, Wei C C, Yin D M. 2025a. Pangenome analysis reveals structural variation associated with seed size and weight traits in peanut. Nature Genetics, 57, 1250–1261.

Zhao K K, Zhang J J, Fan Y, Du X F, Zhu S L, Li Z F, Qiu D, Cao Z H, Ma Q, Li Y Y, Cao D, Hu S S, Zhao K, Gong F P, Ren R, Ma X L, Zhang X G, Yin D M. 2025b. PSC1, a basic/helix–loop–helix transcription factor controlling the purplish-red testa trait in peanut. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 67, 1364–1378.

Zhao Q, Cui M J, Guo T D, Shi L, Qi F Y, Sun Z Q, Du P, Liu H, Zhang Y, Zheng Z, Huang B Y, Dong W Z, Han S Y, Zhang X Y. 2026. Genome-wide characterization and expression analysis of the cultivated peanut AhPR10 gene family mediating resistance to Aspergillus flavus. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 25, 56–67.

Zhao Y H, Ma J J, Li M, Deng L, Li G H, Xia H, Zhao S Z, Hou L, Li P C, Ma C L, Yuan M, Ren L, Gu J Z, Guo B Z, Zhao C Z, Wang X J. 2020. Whole-genome resequencing-based QTL-seq identified AhTc1 gene encoding a R2R3-MYB transcription factor controlling peanut purple testa colour. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 18, 96–105.

Zhao Y L, Zhang C, Chen H, Yuan M, Nipper R, Prakash C S, Zhuang W J, He G H. 2016. QTL mapping for bacterial wilt resistance in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Molecular Breeding, 36, 11.

Zheng Z, Sun Z Q, Qi F Y, Fang Y J, Lin K, Pavan S, Huang B Y, Dong W Z, Du P, Tian M D, Shi L, Xu J, Han S Y, Liu H, Qin L, Zhang Z X, Dai X D, Miao L J, Zhao R F, Wang J, et al. 2024. Chloroplast and whole-genome sequencing shed light on the evolutionary history and phenotypic diversification of peanuts. Nature Genetics, 56, 1975–1984.

Zhuang W J, Chen H, Yang M, Wang J P, Pandey M K, Zhang C, Chang W C, Zhang L S, Zhang X T, Tang R H, Garg V, Wang X J, Tang H B, Chow C N, Wang J P, Deng Y, Wang D P, Khan A W, Yang Q, Cai T C, et al. 2019. The genome of cultivated peanut provides insight into legume karyotypes, polyploid evolution and crop domestication. Nature Genetics, 51, 865–876.

Zhuang Y H, Dreskin S C. 2013. Redefining the major peanut allergens. Immunologic Research, 55, 125–134.