Identification of oil content QTL on Arahy12 and Arahy16 and development of KASP markers in cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2023.11.010

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Identification of oil content QTL on Arahy12 and Arahy16 and development of KASP markers in cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

HUANG Bing-yan¹, LIU Hua¹, FANG Yuan-jin^{1, 2}, MIAO Li-juan¹, QIN Li¹, SUN Zi-qi¹, QI Fei-yan¹, CHEN Lei³, ZHANG Feng-ye³, LI Shuan-zhu⁴, ZHENG Qing-huan⁴, SHI Lei¹, WU Ji-hua³, DONG Wen-zhao¹, ZHANG Xin-you^1#

¹Henan Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Science/Shengnong Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture/Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crops Improvement, Zhengzhou 450002, P.R.China²Agricultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R.China

³Shangqiu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Shangqiu 476000, P.R.China

⁴Nanyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanyang 473008, P.R.China

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摘要

高油高油酸花生品种因其富含营养、货架期长及有益于身体健康而备受消费者、加工企业和农民喜爱。花生含油量和脂肪酸含量性状由多基因控制，在不同遗传背景下鉴定其QTL将有助于分子标记辅助选择或基因组选择，提高花生品质育种效率。我们利用来源于含油量中高及油酸含量差异大的双亲、含有521个家系的RIL群体构建的高密度遗传图谱，以及2年5个环境的花生籽仁品质性状的表型数据，最终定位到两个稳定的含油量性状QTL（qOCAh12.1和qOCAh16.1），并开发了KASP标记在自然群体中得到了验证。QTL区域的单倍型分析表明，qOCAh16.1的高含油量优势单倍型仅存在于少数国外资源。此外，本研究鉴定到的qAh09和qAh19区间含有已知的脂肪酸合成关键酶FAD2基因位点，可同时影响所有7种脂肪酸含量，包括棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、花生酸、花生烯酸和山嵛酸，并鉴定到位于第7染色体的蛋白质和长链饱和脂肪酸含量的主效QTL位点，PVE大于10%。本研究结果将有助于花生含油量的标记辅助选择育种，并为花生籽仁脂肪酸含量变异的遗传基础提供了新的认识。

Abstract

Peanut kernels rich in oil, particularly those with oleic acid as their primary fatty acid, are sought after by consumers, the food industry, and farmers due to their superior nutritional content, extended shelf life, and health benefits. The oil content and fatty acid composition are governed by multiple genetic factors. Identifying the quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to these attributes would facilitate marker-assisted selection or genomic selection, thus enhancing the quality-focused peanut breeding program. For this purpose, we developed a population of 521 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) and tested their kernel quality traits across five different environments. We identified two major and stable QTLs for oil content (qOCAh12.1 and qOCAh16.1). The markers linked to these QTLs were designed by competitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) and were subsequently validated. Moreover, we found that the superior haplotype of oil content in the qOCAh16.1 region was conserved within the PI germplasm cluster, as evidenced by a diverse peanut accession panel. In addition, we determined that qAh09 and qAh19.1, which harbor the key gene encoding fatty acid desaturase 2 (FAD2), influence all seven fatty acids, including palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, arachidic, gadoleic, and behenic acids. As for protein content and the long-chain saturated fatty acid behenic acid, qAh07 emerged as the major and stable QTLs, accounting for over 10% of the phenotypic variation explained (PVE). These findings would enhance marker-assisted selection in peanut breeding, aiming to improve oil content, and deepen our understanding of the genetic mechanisms that shape fatty acid composition.

Keywords: peanut QTL oil content fatty acid composition molecular markers

Online: 10 November 2023

Fund: This work was supported by the National Key R & D Program of China (2022YFD 1200400), the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-13), the Major Science and Technology Projects of Henan Province, China (221100110300), and the Henan Provincial R&D Program of Interregional Cooperation for Local Scientific and Technological Development Guided by Central Government, China (YDZX20214100004191).

About author: HUANG Bing-yan, E-mail: huangbingyan@aliyun.com; #Correspondence ZHANG Xin-you, E-mail: haasz@126.com

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HUANG Bing-yan, LIU Hua, FANG Yuan-jin, MIAO Li-juan, QIN Li, SUN Zi-qi, QI Fei-yan, CHEN Lei, ZHANG Feng-ye, LI Shuan-zhu, ZHENG Qing-huan, SHI Lei, WU Ji-hua, DONG Wen-zhao, ZHANG Xin-you. 2023. Identification of oil content QTL on Arahy12 and Arahy16 and development of KASP markers in cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Journal of Integrative Agriculture, Doi:10.1016/j.jia.2023.11.010

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