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Journal of Integrative Agriculture  2026, Vol. 25 Issue (11): 4533-4559    DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2026.08.017
Special Focus: Crop sciences and production in China: A decade of progress and prospects Advanced Online Publication | Current Issue | Archive | Adv Search |
Rapeseed science and production in China: Advances, challenges, and prospects

Baolong Tao1*, Lijiang Liu2*, Mingxun Chen3*, Cunmin Qu4, Chuanji Zhao2, Xin He5, 6, Chaobo Tong2, Chaofu Ni1, Lun Zhao1, Xiaoming Wu2, Jun Zou1#, Yuanyuan Zhang2#, Jinxiong Shen1#

1 National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China

2 Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China

3 State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis/College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China

4 Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China

5 College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China

6 Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China

Highlights
● A thorough review of rapeseed advances in genomics, gene discovery, and breeding technologies is presented.
● The synergistic integration of functional genes with advanced breeding technologies promotes genetic improvement and breeding progress in rapeseed.
● Key insights into current challenges and future strategies to enhance rapeseed breeding programs are provided.
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摘要  

油菜(Brassica napus L.)是中国第一大油料作物,其菜籽油产量约占国产油料作物产油量的50%。近十年来,我国油菜种植面积、总产量和单产水平稳定增长,对提升食用油自给率具有重要意义。与此同时,油菜功能基因组学、基因发掘、种质创新、育种技术以及功能标记开发与应用等领域亦取得了长足进展。借助高质量的参考基因组、泛基因组和多组学数据,与产量、品质、抗病、抗逆及生长发育相关基因的克隆和功能解析取得了重要突破。部分基因已通过基因编辑技术实现功能验证,并被应用于分子育种。尽管如此,我国仍是油菜籽的主要进口国,面临对外依存度较高,供需缺口长期存在和单产提升速率趋缓的难题。此外,根肿病和菌核病等病害频发,加之干旱、渍害、极端温度等气候诱发的非生物胁迫,进一步制约油菜的增产稳产。本文系统性回顾了过去十年中国油菜基因组学、功能基因鉴定及育种技术的研究进展,同时探讨了油菜主要生态区生产面临的挑战和发展契机。未来应聚焦于遗传多样性拓展、前沿育种技术研发和应用,以及综合性育种平台建立,以促进油菜的遗传改良,保障产业健康可持续发展。



Abstract  Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is the largest oilseed crop in China and accounts for about 50% of the nation’s total oil output from oilseed crops.  Over the past decade, China’s rapeseed industry has maintained steady growth in cultivation area, total production, and yield, which is of great significance for improving the country’s edible oil self-sufficiency.  Meanwhile, significant advances have been achieved in functional genomics, gene discovery, germplasm innovation, breeding technologies, and the development and application of functional markers.  High-quality reference genomes, pan-genomes, and multi-omics datasets have greatly accelerated the discovery and functional characterization of genes for yield, quality, disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, and development, some of which have been validated by gene editing and applied in molecular breeding.  Yet China remains a major rapeseed importer, facing a persistent supply–demand gap, yield limitation, and increasing threats from clubroot, sclerotinia stem rot, and climate-induced abiotic stresses such as drought, waterlogging, and extreme temperatures.  This review summarizes the development of rapeseed genomics, functional gene identification, and breeding technologies in China over the past decade, as well as the current challenges facing rapeseed cultivation in China’s major ecological regions.  To address these challenges, future efforts should focus on increasing genetic diversity, developing and utilizing cutting-edge breeding technologies, and establishing comprehensive breeding platforms to promote genetic improvement of rapeseed and ensure its healthy and sustainable development.
Keywords:  Brassica napus L.       functional genomics        functional genes        breeding technologies        genetic improvement  
Received: 30 May 2026   Accepted: 19 July 2026 Online: 18 August 2026  
Fund: This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFD1200804), the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, China (1610172026002), the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project, China (2022ZD04008), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (3247040615). 
About author:  Baolong Tao, E-mail: Taobl@mail.hzau.edu.cn; Lijiang Liu, E-mail: liulijiang@caas.cn; Mingxun Chen, E-mail: cmx786@nwafu.edu.cn; #Correspondence Jinxiong Shen, E-mail: jxshen@mail.hzau.edu.cn; Yuanyuan Zhang, E-mail: zhangyy@caas.cn; Jun Zou, E-mail: zoujun@mail.hzau.edu.cn * These authors contributed equally to this study.

Cite this article: 

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